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PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IS CONNECTED WITH CERTAIN CONCEPTS OF CHANGE. THE UNIFICATION OF GERMANY HAS MADE CLEAR THAT THE CHANGE IN ITS EASTERN PARTS REPRESENTS NOT ONLY A REGIME TRANSITION BUT A TRANFORMATION OF THE ENTIRE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC ORDER, AND THEREFORE, A TRANSFORMATION OF STATEHOOD. THE FUNCTIONAL DOCTRINE OF THE STATE SET OUT THE IDEOLOGICAL SCOPE OF ITS ADMINISTRATIVE ACTIVITIES. THIS ARTICLE EXPLORES A LIST OF SYSTEMATIC CHANGES WHICH INCLUDE: THE DIRECTION OF THE TRANSFORMATION PROCESS; FROM INSTRUMENTAL STATISM TO A LIBERAL AND SOCIAL STATE; FROM DEMOCRATIC CENTRALISM TO ORGANIZATIONAL DIFFERENTIATION; FROM THE TRANSMISSION OF COMMANDS TO RATIONAL PROCEDURES; ATTEMPTS AT PRIVATIZATION; AND FROM CADRE ADMINISTRATION TO PUBLIC SERVICE.

Based on an article originally published in the Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy. Problems caused by mandatory reporting laws and associated public awareness campaigns; burden of large caseloads on child protective agencies; suggested reforms; U.S.

Report of the Texas State Auditor's Office related to determining if the Integrated Statewide Administrative System (ISAS) will provide the required functionality for the agencies implementing the system; determining if ISAS includes sufficient controls to ensure the accuracy of data input, output, and processing; and evaluating key project management controls and project planning to help ensure the successful implementation of ISAS at the participating agencies.

Cases of emotional abuse involving children have been previously associated with long lasting physical and psychological issues among those who experience it. Previous research has linked the significant underreporting of emotional abuse cases with the use of vague and unclear definitions of emotional abuse as it involves minors. Creating a concise and inclusive definition has proven to be difficult because of a lack in physical evidence to support claims, thus each of the 50 US states have a different definition for what constitutes emotional abuse. Yet, why do definitions vary in the first place? Here, I hypothesize that states with more interest groups focused on child welfare will lead to clearer, more strict definitions of emotional abuse. Using counts of these interest groups in each of the 50 states, I find no statistical connection between the number of interest groups in a state and a more inclusive legal definition of child emotional abuse. Other factors, such as state income and political ideology, also cannot explain these differences. Given the results of the research, questions of whether a federal definition would be necessary are proposed, but left unexplored for future research.

The great expansion of governmental activities into social and economic affairs during the last few decades has led to an enormous increase in the amount of "delegated legislation" or "administrative law." The necessity for such delegation and the dangers to individual liberty which it involves have been fully explained elsewhere. It is the purpose of this article to discuss these problems in so far as the Board of Transport Commissioners is concerned. Known for thirty-four years after its inception in 1904 as the Board of Railway Commissioners, this body is not only the oldest but by far the most important administrative board in Canada. A study of its powers and performance should reveal the strengths and dangers of this type of administrative authority.The chief function of the Board is to control steam railways under the jurisdiction of the Dominion government including those which, according to the terms of the B.N.A. Act, have been declared to be "works for the public advantage of Canada." All other railways come under the Board where their connections with, or their crossing of, a Dominion railway is concerned and with respect of navigable waters. The Board also controls the rates charged by certain telegraph, telephone, and marine cable companies and the tolls of express companies and international bridges. It has authority to license ships operating between certain ports of Canada including control of their rates, and from 1938 to 1944 it supervised transport by air. Where water-power has been acquired under lease from the Crown, the Board may fix the quantity to be developed and the price to be paid in case of dispute. Authority for every order of the Board must be found in the Railway Act as amended. The Board is limited by certain Special Acts notably the Crow's Nest Pass Agreement, as amended, and the Maritime Freight Rates Act.

The Presidential Commission on the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Epidemic (1988) developed a 10-year plan in 1987 that recommended: "Expanded drug abuse treatment programs sufficient to admit all IV drug users who desired services and, until that occurred, short-term detoxification and low-dose methadone for those on waiting lists." This study presents data collected from a sample of 2,613 out-of-treatment and non-incarcerated injection drug users in 21 U.S. cities to examine their drug-treatment access during the past year. Analyses on injectors who tried but were unable to enter treatment revealed that program-based reasons (e.g., no room, too costly, or stringent admission criteria) are the most commonly given barriers to drug treatment (72%). However, a notable number of injectors (20%) also reported that individual-based reasons are important for not accessing drug treatment. Injectors giving program- and individual-based reasons for not entering treatment are profiled using logistic regression.