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Neo-liberal globalization brings a reinforcement of several intellectual property rights, under a variety of ways and rhythms. These developments, sometimes understood as a new enclosure movement, are challenged since the eighties. All these challenges, that we chose to call "the Libre", is based on the idea that informational goods must belong to the commons. The "Libre", crossed by lots of tension or even dividing lines, is marked in its very name by its historical beginnings : the Free Software movement. In other words, the "Libre" movement is part and parcel of the development of information and communication technologies. However, it can't be restricted to the digital world, provided that such a category is operational. Indeed, if its objectives as its functioning show an advanced and reflexive use of digital apparatus, they also show a clear commitment in diverse spatial practices and representations that can reveal strong local anchorages. Therefore, problematics of this research lies at the knot that ties together the double paradox of a movement that is gaining social recognition and political legitimacy without any consensus about who are its actors, its objectives or its limits on one hand; of locally anchored individuals whose technical practices that would suggest more mobile and global spaces of representation on another hand. Thus, these problematics questions the technical moment of individuation of geographical spaces. Using a comparatist method on our Quebec and Aquitaine fieldwork, we will attempt to detect some characteristics of places of the contemporary world. This is why the geographical concept of place will be extensively discussed and enriched all along this thesis. ; La mondialisation néo-libérale s'accompagne d'un renforcement de divers droits de propriété intellectuelle, selon des rythmes et des modalités variées. Ces évolutions, parfois conçues comme un nouveau mouvement d'enclosure, sont contestées dès les années 1980. L'ensemble de ces contestations, que l'on peut appeler « le ...

This thesis traces the modern production of Lebanon's political-culture identity formation at the bookends of a turbulent century through its repeated engagement with its own material culture heritage, disentangling the material cultural heritage of the geopolitical territory known presently as Lebanon from the political and social discourses that have sought to define Lebanese nationality in the modern era in order to understand how this material culture has shaped—and been shaped—by precisely these discourses. In chapter one, I take up the debut of an independent Lebanon at the 1939 New York's World Fair, considering it as a test case for the legitimacy of the Lebanese state on the world stage. I examine the pavilion's design and displays to reveal how the organizers sought to overcome the self-contradictory nature of Lebanon's claims to sovereign exceptionality, rooted as they were in a historical and archaeological record of cultural heterogeneity. In chapter two, I consider the exhibition Liban L'Autre Rive (1998-99) at the Institute du Monde Arabe in Paris as a presentation that attested to Lebanon's desire to return to the global community after the Lebanese Civil War (1975-1991). While Liban, L'Autre Rive sought to reintroduce the independent nation of Lebanon to the global stage through a rich display of its history and culture, it ultimately reified Lebanon's historical colonial relations with France and with that the Phoenicianist underpinnings of Lebanon's selective historical narrative, engaging in the very same exclusionary historical practices that had contributed to the identity crisis of the civil war in the first place. By way of conclusion, I consider the recent repatriation of a few Lebanese artifacts to the National Museum of Beirut as an occasion to speculate on the future of cultural patrimony and its fraught relations with contemporary global nationalisms.

The Republic of Kazakhstan is a multi-ethnic state, which is home to more than 100 ethnic groups and more than 20 confessions. The study of the main directions of the state ethnic policy of Kazakhstan, the formation of a model of social development, the study of value potential, as well as the identification of new trends consolidating society, is an urgent task for scientists and researchers not only from Kazakhstan, but also from other countries. The article focuses on the modern agenda, the study and development of eth-no-political processes in the country and the world, models of national policy of different countries, its fun-damental and value bases. For Kazakhstan's society, the key role in maintaining stability, strengthening na-tional unity and public agreement is played by the Assembly of people of Kazakhstan, which is a unique socio-political institution with a constitutional status clearly defined by legislative regulation. ; The Republic of Kazakhstan is a multi-ethnic state, which is home to more than 100 ethnic groups and more than 20 confessions. The study of the main directions of the state ethnic policy of Kazakhstan, the formation of a model of social development, the study of value potential, as well as the identification of new trends consolidating society, is an urgent task for scientists and researchers not only from Kazakhstan, but also from other countries. The article focuses on the modern agenda, the study and development of eth-no-political processes in the country and the world, models of national policy of different countries, its fun-damental and value bases. For Kazakhstan's society, the key role in maintaining stability, strengthening na-tional unity and public agreement is played by the Assembly of people of Kazakhstan, which is a unique socio-political institution with a constitutional status clearly defined by legislative regulation.

The article discusses the nature of the development of Kazakh literature of the Khan's era in the context of historical and social, social and political situation. On the basis of literary texts the creative features of Zhyrau and poets who played an important role in the development of national poetry in this period are analyzed.In poetic monologues-reflections poets and Zhyrau who lived in the ХҮ- ХҮІІІ centuries, along with serious state problems, raised the problems of ethics and morality, honor and dignity. About life and death, about the volatility and compassion of the world. In addition, one of the main motives of the poetic poetry of Zhyrau is the native land, farewell to the settlement, expensive absence, stop at the cuts. The article analyzes all these topics through mutual comparisons, and makes consistent conclusions. From a scientific point of view will be given a scientific assessment of the outstanding performances of our contemporaries-poets and Zhyrau. ; The article discusses the nature of the development of Kazakh literature of the Khan's era in the context of historical and social, social and political situation. On the basis of literary texts the creative features of Zhyrau and poets who played an important role in the development of national poetry in this period are analyzed.In poetic monologues-reflections poets and Zhyrau who lived in the ХҮ- ХҮІІІ centuries, along with serious state problems, raised the problems of ethics and morality, honor and dignity. About life and death, about the volatility and compassion of the world. In addition, one of the main motives of the poetic poetry of Zhyrau is the native land, farewell to the settlement, expensive absence, stop at the cuts. The article analyzes all these topics through mutual comparisons, and makes consistent conclusions. From a scientific point of view will be given a scientific assessment of the outstanding performances of our contemporaries-poets and Zhyrau.

This work brings to life some new facts and presents the cooperation between the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) and the associations of librarians in Serbia, in four and a half decades, between 1931 and 1976. In the period between the two world wars, this cooperation was established and maintained by the Yugoslav Library Association (1931-1940), especially its Belgrade Section, and after the Second World War it was realized through the Serbian Library Association (1948-1976) as a part of the Association of Librarians in Yugoslavia. Yugoslavia, in the first period as a kingdom, and in the second as a socialist country, represents a state-legal framework to examine the phenomena of library associations and international cooperation. The Yugoslav Library Association was the predecessor of the Serbian Library Association, but under the new conditions of socialist construction, mentioning the organization from the previous, bourgeois period was undesirable. Nine years of the activity of the first professional library association in Yugoslavia were not evaluated in the right way: association that was founded later with the vast majority of former members and historians of librarianship, talked rarely about its existence, mainly for the political reasons. Considering knowledge of the development of librarianship in national frameworks the basis for building a professional identity of librarians, the authors of this paper are trying to shed light on cooperation with IFLA as essential for maturing of the professional self-awareness. Taking into account that economic opportunities and political influences in the past decades have made this process difficult, the authors are trying to oppose their shared memory, common values, the feeling of belonging and self-respect as an identity property. Moreover, nowadays in Serbia there is a strong need for re-evaluation of the role and importance of library associations in order to reposition the profession, interrelations of professionals and modalities of voluntary work.

Zamanova N. I. EDUCATION, İNNOVATİON AND GEOGRAPHY / N. I. Zamanova // Освітні й наукові виміри географії та туризму: матер. ІІ Всеукраїнської науково-практ. інтернет-конф. з міжнар. участю (м. Полтава, 26 квітня 2019 р.) / відп. ред. О. А. Федій. – Полтава : ПНПУ імені В. Г. Короленка, 2019. – С. 6-7. ; People of the third millennium are faced with rapid changes in a technological era the 21st century, also known as the century of the education. Innovations are taking place in science and education is on the spotlight of it. There is no universal education system in the world, but if we take into account the global feature of education we will see that the education is oriented in one certain direction in the world. Almost any country demands a high-quality education with public access, an acquisition of permanent financial resource so that it can reduce dependence of education expenses on government, at first place. It is essential for education system to stand the rivalry in the information oriented society. First of all, there is an essential need for radical changes in innovative and modern education, training, as well as modern teacher model system that will go hand by hand with current era. The world's progressive education centers' improvement direction is shifting towards economical, and commercial way. Education extends beyond the borders of the sovereign state through global events and integration opportunities. Protection of the national identity, values and taking advantage of them for education management is the key responsibility of the government. It should be considered as the fundamental social event, as well as, interest of the involved parties. As a result of rapid changes in information and communication technologies and their wide application, all social spheres fell under the fundamental changes: transformation in spheres with traditional occupation, new values and attitudes are coming into the center of attention. Some professions are replaced with new ones.

The paper examines the talent training through the new dual learning methodologies and the new role of the secondary school teacher in the alternation between school and work.The dissemination of forms of work-based learning has been and is at the heart of the most significant European recommendations on the subject of education and training.In Italy in particular, in the light of recent legislative interventions on apprenticeship training (Legislative Decree 81 of 2015) and on the alternation between school and work (Law 107 called "Buona scuola") a strong message was launched to teachers, tutors, tutors companies, managers, entrepreneurs in order to create new contaminations between the educational world and the world of work to counter the negative phenomena of youth unemployment and Neet.It is therefore necessary to ask ourselves about some "key questions" such as: how can the school make these dual methods effective redesigning new curricola? How to train new talents in the initial training courses to face the work of the future and how can the teacher class facilitate the student's learning through an action of agency tutorship? ; Il paper esplora la formazione del talento attraverso le nuove metodologie di apprendimento duale e il nuovo ruolo dell'insegnante di scuola secondaria nei percorsi di alternanza scuola-lavoro.La diffusione di forme di apprendimento basato sul lavoro è stata ed è al centrodelle più significative raccomandazioni europee relativamente alla materiaistruzione e formazione.In Italia in particolare, alla luce dei recenti interventi legislativi sull'apprendistatoformativo (D.lgs 81 del 2015) e sull'alternanza scuola-lavoro (Legge 107 cosiddetta Buona scuola) è stato lanciato un forte messaggio agli insegnanti, tutor scolastici, tutor aziendali, dirigenti, imprenditori al fine di creare nuove contaminazioni tra mondo educativo e mondo del lavoro per contrastare i fenomeni negativi della disoccupazione giovanile e dei NEET.Occorre, dunque, interrogarsi su alcuni "quesiti chiave" quali: ...

Geographically situated in the circle of fire in the Pacific and bordering the pacific tectonic plate, makes the Filipino archipelago one of the most disaster-prone areas in the world. As a result of this exposure, it is estimated that an annual USD 7.893 million are spent directly to the multi-hazard prevention, promotion and response, representing the 69% of social expenditure in the country. Multilevel efforts to prevent the results of the disasters hitting the Philippines have been developed, including the local, regional, country and regional areas. These efforts are being developed at operational and promotional levels, including the political initiatives at local, country and regional frameworks. There have been political efforts to create guidelines so as to work on disaster risk reduction and vulnerability reduction for the most vulnerable countries, with the first world conference held in 1994. The second one in Hyogo in 2005 produced a comprehensive guideline for the risk reduction for the most vulnerable countries, focusing on those most at risk like archipelagos, countries in high risk areas and high impact areas. There is a surprisingly small amount of literature published concerning the impact of the political initiatives and its impact on the health of such populated areas. The paper describes the responses generated by the Filipino government after Yolanda, based on the legal framework that Hyogo provided, as well as provides a literature review of the published manuscripts on different sources, finalising with several recommendations as the improvement of the coordination and communication between levels of implementation, the clarification of the real problems identified for each area and the coordination between all the actors involved (local government, INGOs, regional government, international initiatives…) in the DRR process in an area to avoid duplication of activities and looking forward to engaging in synergetic initiatives.

This article addresses the issue of the environment from the perspective of Japan; a country that has faced difficult environmental situations, but that today is consolidated as a country capable of configuring sustainable strategies for the present and future of the world population. This article analyzes the environmental policies promoted by the Japanese government, which have generated a high impact, both for its citizens and for national industries. In turn, two Japanese multinationals are exposed, which have implemented multiple campaigns and tactics to promote the protection and preservation of the environment. Finally, there is a reflection on how Japan, a country with a high technological, economic and social development, has been able to carry out an environmental project of such magnitude that it has become the least polluting country in the world, an aspect that should serve as example to the international community. ; En el presente artículo se aborda el tema del medio ambiente desde la perspectiva de Japón; un país que ha afrontado difíciles situaciones ambientales, pero que hoy en día se consolida como un país capaz de configurar estrategias sostenibles para el presente y el futuro de la población mundial. En este artículo se realiza un análisis de las políticas ambientales impulsadas por el gobierno japonés, las cuales han generado un alto impacto, tanto para sus ciudadanos, como para las industrias nacionales. A su vez, se exponen dos multinacionales japonesas, que han implementado múltiples campañas y tácticas para promover la protección y preservación del medio ambiente. Por último, se hace una reflexión sobre cómo Japón, un país con un alto desarrollo tecnológico, económico y social, ha podido sacar adelante un proyecto ambiental de tal magnitud que lo ha convertido en el país menos contaminante del mundo, aspecto que debe servir de ejemplo a la comunidad internacional.

The world's population is aging at an unprecedented pace. Aging society is not only a severe crisis in the developed world such as Germany and Japan, but also a rigorous challenge in emerging economies such as China. Many age-related diseases are fostered by the lack of physical, cognitive, and social activities. Increasing the activity level has many benefits for the elderly and can improve their independence. The research project REACH (funded by European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under grant agreement No. 690425) aims to develop a service system that will turn clinical and care environments into personalized modular sensing, prevention, and intervention systems that encourage the elderly to become healthy through activities (e.g., physical, cognitive, socializing, personalized food, etc.). As a core research partner, the Chair of Building Realization and Robotics at Technical University of Munich developed a series of Personalized Intelligent Interior Units (PI²Us), which are a special type of smart furniture, that materialize the REACH concepts and functionality seamlessly into the different REACH use case settings. Specifically, the design and functions of the PI²Us, which consist of the PI²U-SilverArc, PI²U-MiniArc, PI²U-Bed, and PI²U-iStander, will be described in detail. In addition, a modular apartment integrating all PI²Us and key technologies in REACH is designed and simulated to create a total interior living and care environment for elderly users. Due to its modularity, parts of the apartment can be easily adapted and rapidly deployed in different REACH use case settings in four European countries, which will then help the REACH consortium execute a series of testing activities. In conclusion, this research project provides a systematic and innovative example for the world to mitigate the impact of aging society.

This text questions the dynamics of the urban government, which seeks to guarantee a range of individual and public goods by standard and expert certification procedures. It pays attention to the economic properties of the standards and to the normative re-description of the reality they operate. He focused in particular on the city of Lisbon, which, like other metropolitan areas in southern Europe, was planning refurbishment operations that were constrained by the economic and financial crisis. It discusses the emergence of a largely transnational reference area, which it is important to observe how it can offer potential, and seeks to extend the use, organisation and image of a world of cosmopolitan and liberal tone. ; International audience This text questions the dynamics of urban government, which claims to guarantee a set of individual and public goods through the standard and expert certification procedures. It pays attention to the economic properties of standards and the normative re-description of reality they operate. It focuses in particular on the city of Lisbon which, like other metropolitan areas in southern Europe, is planning redevelopment operations under the pressure of the economic and financial crisis. It discusses the advent of a largely transnational referential space, whose potentialization must be observed and which seeks to generalize the use, organization and image of a world of cosmopolitan and liberal tonality. ; This text questions the dynamics of the urban government, which seeks to guarantee a range of individual and public goods by standard and expert certification procedures. It pays attention to the economic properties of the standards and to the normative re-description of the reality they operate. He focused in particular on the city of Lisbon, which, like other metropolitan areas in southern Europe, was planning refurbishment operations that were constrained by the economic and financial crisis. It discusses the emergence of a largely transnational reference area, which it ...

The article analyses the latest developments, transformations and prospects for the Lower region — including Romania and Bulgaria — in the geopolitical, historical and cultural context of the new Europe, since the past, including the changes that have taken place since 1989 and to the present day, with the resulting difficulties with regard to the forthcoming integration into the world of Western values: the NATO Atlantic Alliance and, above all, the European Union. This has an impact on developments, historical and cultural heritage and the assessment of these changes, as well as on the characteristics of the new political and economic system and on the backwardness of reforms. Despite the uncertainties surrounding the region's scenario, the analysis also suggests some optimistic prospects. ; Peer reviewed ; The article analyses the latest developments, transformations and prospects for the Lower region — including Romania and Bulgaria — in the geopolitical, historical and cultural context of the new Europe, since the past, including the changes that have taken place since 1989 and to the present day, with the resulting difficulties with regard to the forthcoming integration into the world of Western values: the NATO Atlantic Alliance and, above all, the European Union. This has an impact on developments, historical and cultural heritage and the assessment of these changes, as well as on the characteristics of the new political and economic system and on the backwardness of reforms. Despite the uncertainties surrounding the region's scenario, the analysis also suggests some optimistic prospects. ; El artículo analiza la evolución, las transformaciones más recientes y las perspectivas de la región bajodanubiana -que incluye a Rumania y a Bulgaria- en el marco geopolítico, histórico y cultural de la nueva Europa, desde el pasado, incluyendo los cambios acaecidos desde 1989 y hasta la actualidad, con las consecuentes dificultades que se presentan de cara a la próxima integración en el mundo de valores ...

Speleologists are at the same time explorers, observers and users of the underground world which contains many heritages. While the imperative obligation to guarantee the most effective protection for these heritages is shared by all, the text tries to take into account the different regulatory statutes that apply to archaeological remains, living and abiotic heritages. However, ethics consists precisely in rebalancing, as much as possible, these different levels of regulation. Exploration speleology obviously aims to discover new cavities and new networks, and even if this is not their primary motivation, speleologists are sometimes led to discover archaeological remains as well. These discoveries, obtained by different means, lead to a rethinking of the conditions of access to the underground world, generally strongly defended by speleologists. A dialogue must then be established with archaeologists so that the protection and study of these remains is not at the detriment of conservation or the various stakeholders. Ethical responsibility is thus shared. ; Les spéléologues sont à la fois explorateurs, observateurs et usagers du monde souterrain qui recèlent de nombreux patrimoines. Si l'impérieuse obligation de garantir à ces patrimoines la protection la plus efficace est partagée par tous, le texte essaie de tenir compte des différents statuts règlementaires qui s'appliquent aux vestiges archéologiques, aux patrimoines vivants et abiotiques. Or l'éthique consiste justement à rééquilibrer, autant que possible, ces différents niveaux de réglementation. La spéléologie d'exploration vise évidemment à découvrir de nouvelles cavités et de nouveaux réseaux, et même si ce n'est pas leur motivation première, les spéléologues sont parfois amenés à découvrir aussi des vestiges archéologiques. Ces découvertes, obtenues par différents moyens, amènent à repenser les conditions de l'accès au monde souterrain, en général âprement défendu par les spéléologues. Un dialogue doit alors s'instaurer avec les archéologues pour que ...

Contemporary architecture as a result of globalisation often moves away from relationships with the culture and tradition of a particular area or country. Simply put, 'globalisation is the process of weakening the borders (also) the cultural ones dividing nations'. At the same time, globalisation has an impact on architecture such as: the extra-national, continental spread of patterns and parallel localism. This means that, on the one hand, non-culturally sensitive buildings are being constructed without local elements, while on the other hand, the existing traditional architectural solutions are excessively repeated without reference to the modern world. Thus, there is a need to link these two extreme tendencies in favour of a more moderate one promoting the development of contemporary architecture that fits the location by responding to its cultural and historical context, climate, responsive local building techniques and the character of the community. Cultural sensitivity appears to be important especially in countries highly populated, industrialised, undergoing political, economical and social transformations despite their rich cultural heritage. ; Contemporary architecture as a result of globalisation often moves away from relationships with the culture and tradition of a particular area or country. Simply put, 'globalisation is the process of weakening the borders (also) the cultural ones dividing nations'. At the same time, globalisation has an impact on architecture such as: the extra-national, continental spread of patterns and parallel localism. This means that, on the one hand, non-culturally sensitive buildings are being constructed without local elements, while on the other hand, the existing traditional architectural solutions are excessively repeated without reference to the modern world. Thus, there is a need to link these two extreme tendencies in favour of a more moderate one promoting the development of contemporary architecture that fits the location by responding to its cultural and ...

Background We predicted cancer mortality figures in the European Union (EU) for the year 2017 using most recent available data, with a focus on lung cancer. Materials and methods We retrieved cancer death certification data and population figures from the World Health Organisation and Eurostat databases. Age-standardized (world standard population) rates were computed for France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Spain, the UK and the EU overall in 1970–2012. We obtained estimates for 2017 by implementing a joinpoint regression model. Results The predicted number of cancer deaths for 2017 in the EU is 1 373 500, compared with 1 333 400 in 2012 (+3%). Cancer mortality rates are predicted to decline in both sexes, reaching 131.8/100 000 men (−8.2% when compared with 2012) and 84.5/100 000 women (−3.6%). Mortality rates for all selected cancer sites are predicted to decline, except pancreatic cancer in both sexes and lung cancer in women. In men, pancreatic cancer rate is stable, in women it increases by 3.5%. Lung cancer mortality rate in women is predicted to rise to 14.6/100 000 in 2017 (+5.1% since 2012, corresponding to 92 300 predicted deaths), compared with 14.0/100 000 for breast cancer, corresponding to 92 600 predicted deaths. Only younger (25–44) women have favourable lung cancer trends, and rates at this age group are predicted to be similar in women (1.4/100 000) and men (1.2/100 000). In men lung cancer rates are predicted to decline by 10.7% since 2012, and falls are observed in all age groups. Conclusion European cancer mortality projections for 2017 confirm the overall downward trend in rates, with a stronger pattern in men. This is mainly due to different smoking prevalence trends in different generations of men and women. Lung cancer rates in young European women are comparable to those in men, confirming that smoking has the same impact on lung cancer in the two sexes.