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Covering a time period from the 1990s to the present-day, and using unprecedentedly rich empirical evidence, Edward Howell makes the overarching argument that North Korea has strategically deployed behaviour that breaks international norms in order to reap benefits.

This special issue is the result of a conference organized in cooperation with the University of Luxembourg by SIPE on the very notion of the Rechtsstaatlichkeit in Europa / the rule of law in Europe / l'État de droit en Europe focusing therein on judicial independence and effective remedies. The contributions reflect various perspectives on the notions of the rule of law in Europe, especially its protection by the hands of courts and tribunals as independent bodies designed to review executive and, in most states, also legis-lative action for their compliance with constitutional principles and values. The contributions all display a broad understanding of notions contained in the rule of law obliging to ensure a separation of powers, an effective judicial protection, principles of a system of democratic government as well as the protection of individual human rights and fundamental freedoms. The rule of law in this understanding goes well beyond an adherence to the principle of legality and reaches also into substantive norms and institu-tional and structural principles of the organisation of the exercise of public powers.The existence and defense of this broad understanding of the rule of law is also deeply embedded in the very existence of the Council of Europe and its Convention on Human Rights. With contributions by Prof. Dr. Maria Lúcia Amaral | Prof. Dr. Constance Grewe | Prof. Dr. Herwig C.H. Hofmann, M.Jur. (Oxon) | Prof. em. Dr. Julia Iliopoulos-Strangas | Prof. Dr. Irena Lipowicz | Prof. Dr. Eleftheria Neframi | Prof. DDr. Angelika Nußberger | GA Athanasios Rantos | Präs. Dean Spielmann | Prof. Dr. Elena Simina Tanasescu | Prof. Dr. Jacques Ziller.

Intro -- Preface -- Introduction -- Zoonosis and Pandemics -- Pandemics: The Price of Progress -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- 1: The First 1000 Years CE of Pandemics: Smallpox and Plague -- Introduction -- The Antonine Plague: Smallpox (165-190 CE) -- Description of the Disease -- Propagation of the Disease -- Perception of the Disease in the Roman Empire -- Fatality Rates -- Attempts for Treatments -- Justinian Plague (541-749 CE) -- The Origin and Propagation of the Pandemic -- The Pandemic and the Yersinia pestis Bacteria -- The High Fatality Rate of the Justinian Plague -- Justinian Plague and Climate Change -- The Social and Cultural Impact of the Justinian Pest -- Justinian Plague and the Divine Punishment -- Japanese Smallpox Epidemic (733-737 CE) -- The Disease Outbreak and Propagation -- The Impact of the Japanese Smallpox on Society -- References -- 2: The Plagues Pandemics: 2000 Years of Recurrent Devastations: The Black Death -- Introduction -- The Disease and Bacteria Yersinia pestis -- The Plague Zoonosis -- The Clinical Characteristics of the Plague -- The Black Death (1346-1353) -- The Initial Conditions: When Asia Meets Europe in Caffa -- The Tartar Horsemen and the Black Death -- The Biological Warfare Attack and the Consequences -- Escaping Hell: The Propagation Towards Europe Through the Mediterranean -- The Black Death Arrives in Italy: The Implementation of Quarantine -- The Black Death Strikes Stronger in the United Kingdom -- The Search for Cause and Remedies During the Black Death -- The Miasma Theory -- The Plague Doctors -- The Search for Redemption -- The Black Death and the Blame on Others -- The Aftermath of the Black Death -- The Third Plague Pandemic -- The Plague in the Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries: The Endemic Situation -- Global Distribution of Natural Plague Foci -- Treatment.

Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Foreword -- Preface to the 2023 Edition -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Chapter One. Land Use and Zoning Matter -- Chapter Two. Racialized Land Use and Housing Policies -- Chapter Three. Williamsburg: Zoning Out Latinos -- Chapter Four. Harlem: Displacement, Not Integration -- Chapter Five. Chinatown: Unprotected and Undone -- Chapter Six. Alternatives: Community-Based Planning and Housing in the Public Domain -- References -- Contributor Bios.

The legacy of the slave family haunts the status of black Americans in modern U.S. society. Stereotypes that first entered the popular imagination in the form of plantation lore have continued to distort the African American social identity. In What Sorrows Labour in My Parents' Breast?, Brenda Stevenson provides a long overdue concise history to help the reader understand this vitally important African American institution as it evolved and survived under the extreme opposition that the institution of slavery imposed. The themes of this work center on the multifaceted reality of loss, recovery, resilience and resistance embedded in the desire of African/African descended people to experience family life despite their enslavement. These themes look back to the critical loss that Africans, both those taken and those who remained, endured, as the enslaved poet Phillis Wheatley honors in the line-"What sorrows labour in my parents' breast?," and look forward to the generations of slaves born through the Civil War era who struggled to realize their humanity in the recreation of family ties that tied them, through blood and emotion, to a reality beyond their legal bondage to masters and mistresses. Stevenson pays particular attention to the ways in which gender, generation, location, slave labor, the economic status of slaveholders and slave societies' laws affected the black family in slavery

Desert islands are the focus of intense geopolitical tensions in East Asia today, but they are also sites of nature conservation. In this global environmental history, Paul Kreitman shows how the politics of conservation have entangled with the politics of sovereignty since the emergence of the modern Japanese state in the mid-nineteenth century. Using case studies ranging from Hawai'i to the Bonin Islands to the Senkaku (Ch: Diaoyu) Isles to the South China Sea, he explores how bird islands on the distant margins of the Japanese archipelago and beyond transformed from sites of resource extraction to outposts of empire and from wartime battlegrounds to nature reserves. This study examines how interactions between birds, bird products, bureaucrats, speculators, sailors, soldiers, scientists and conservationists shaped ongoing claims to sovereignty over oceanic spaces. It considers what the history of desert islands shows us about imperial and post-imperial power, the web of political, economic and ecological connections between islands and oceans, and about the relationship between sovereignty, territory and environment in the modern world

This open access book discusses the emergence and development, and in some cases also the disappearance, of social movements and activism in Sweden during the 1980s. Its aim is to nuance and problematize the image of the 1980s as unilaterally dominated by right-wing politics and neoliberalism, as well as the idea of a conflict-free Scandinavian model. The 1980s have often been described as a period when the influence of radical-left movements during the 1970s diminished. Instead, this book argues that the 1980s was a decade in which new radical social movements emerged in opposition to the prevalent political order, including the nuclear disarmament movement, the women's movement, anti-fascist movements, and the punk and environmental movements. The authors also demonstrate how issues such as squatting, nuclear resistance, rent strikes and the environment, included a variety of contentious collective action. Sweden, therefore, presents an interesting example of how resistance and conflict in a strong welfare state have been influenced by contentious social movements. Placing Sweden within the wider context of Scandinavia and Europe, this edited collection makes an important contribution to the history of social movements

A riveting portrait of the cultural struggles and political conflicts of proposed copper-nickel mines in Minnesota's Iron RangeOn an unseasonably warm October afternoon in Saint Paul, hundreds of people gathered to protest the construction of a proposed copper-nickel mine in the rural northern part of their state. The crowd eagerly listened to speeches on how the project would bring long-term risks and potentially pollute the drinking water for current and future generations. A year later, another proposed mining project became the subject of a public hearing in a small town near the proposed site. But this time, local politicians and union leaders praised the mine proposal as an asset that would strengthen working-class communities in Minnesota.In many rural American communities, there is profound tension around the preservation and protection of wilderness and the need to promote and profit from natural resources. In Mining the Heartland, Erik Kojola looks at both sides of these populist movements and presents a thoughtful account of how such political struggles play out. Drawing on over a hundred ethnographic interviews with people of the region, from members of labor unions to local residents to scientists, Kojola is able to bring this complex struggle over mining to life. Focusing on both pro- and anti-mining groups, he expands upon what this conflict reveals about the way whiteness and masculinity operate among urban and rural residents, and the different ways in which class, race, and gender shape how people relate to the land. Mining the Heartland shows the negotiation and conflict between two central aspects of the state's culture and economy: outdoor recreation in the Land of Ten Thousand Lakes and the lucrative mining of the Iron Range

"The final decades of the Ottoman Empire and the period of the French mandate in Syria and Lebanon coincided with a critical period of transformation in agricultural technologies and administration. Chemical fertilizers and mechanized equipment inspired model farms while government officials and technocratic elites pursued new land tenure, credit-lending, and tax collection policies to maximize revenue. These policies transformed rural communities and environments and were central to projects of reform and colonial control--as well as to resistance of that control. States of Cultivation examines the processes and effects of agrarian transformation over more than a century as Ottoman, Syrian, Lebanese, and French officials grappled with these new technologies, albeit with different end goals. Elizabeth Williams investigates the increasingly fragmented natures produced by these contrasting priorities and the results of their intersection with regional environmental limits. Not only did post-World War I policies realign the economic space of the mandate states, but they shaped an agricultural legacy that continued to impact Syria and Lebanon post-independence. With this book, Williams offers the first comprehensive account of the shared technocratic ideals that animated these policies and the divergent imperial goals that not only reshaped the region's agrarian institutions, but produced representations of the region with repercussions well beyond the mandate's end."

"A history of the East India Company told through experiences of everyday life on the ocean: maritime travel, shipboard conditions, foreign encounters, islands and ports of call, the waters of the Atlantic itself. McAleer portrays these as essential to the understanding of the Company as an agent of globalisation in the early modern world."

In September 2015, the United Nations adopted the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This historic document constituted a universal 'plan for action for people, planet and prosperity.' The Sustainable Development Goals serves as an expert compendium, the most authoritative ready-reference tool for anyone interested in the SDGs.