Suchergebnisse

Civic humanism has been one of the most influential of all concepts in the history of ideas. In this volume, an eminent team of political theorists and historians of ideas have been brought together to reassess the impact on the subject of the pioneering work of Hans Baron (1966) and J. G. A. Pocock (1975), creating a fresh intellectual landscape in which Renaissance civic humanism can be discussed. Drawing on a wide range of political and historical texts, this book evaluates civic humanism in the light of the emergence of oligarchy, imperialism, patronage politics and the Medici ascendency in Florence in the 14th to 16th centuries. It proposes new understandings of the evolution of important republican concepts such as liberty, the rule of law, virtue, and the common good. This thought-provoking collection represents a significant contribution to the study of republican political ideology in the Renaissance and modern periods

This is the first translation into English of Guicciardini's Dialogue on the Government of Florence. Written in the early 1520s by the author of the famous History of Italy, as well as a History of Florence and Political Maxims and Reflections, this dialogue presents what is arguably the most searching and comprehensive analysis of the politics of his times. Like Machiavelli, his contemporary and friend, Guicciardini rejects classical republican arguments in the name of the new political realism and acknowledges the important role of patronage and graft in contemporary politics and the illegitimacy of nearly all forms of political power. In this Dialogue he provides one of the clearest expositions of the term 'reason of state', which he was one of the first to employ and which he uses to justify the priority of state interest over private morality and religion.

The author, chief political advisor to the neutralist premier of Laos, Prince Souvanna Phouma, in the decade after the Geneva Agreement of 1954, focuses on the attempt by opposition politicians with Thai backing, to assassinate Minister of the Interior, Phoui Sananikone; he draws on key witness accounts that he had at that time access to and supplies a chronology of events and list of participants. The author shows how after the failure of the attempt the incident was allowed to fade from public view although the police special branch had sufficient evidence for a conviction. He thereby demonstrates the patronage role played by powerful families and clans in the divisive political struggles that undermined the Royal Lao government's ability to meet the political and military challenge posed by the Pathet Lao. (DÜI-Ptk nach ausführlichem Abstract vom Institut für strateg. Grundlagenforschung, Wien)

Rather than the long-term rural–urban migration to metropolitan centres, India's structural transformation process is characterised by complexified migrations and dispersed urbanisation. This article develops concepts of cities positioned in multiscalar power to propose a place-based, mobilities-sensitive approach and relational approach to urban theory that place smaller Indian cities within a broader narrative on migrant incorporation beyond the restrictive dichotomies of global and ordinary cities and domestic and international migration. Through two case studies, it shows how, despite low scalar positions on account of weak governance and informalised economies, smaller cities shape varied employment opportunities and generate spatially and temporally varied mobilities for domestic migrants. However, incorporation remains contingent on patronage-based social networks, creating differentiated experiences for those from different social locations; still more inclusive incorporation pathways are possible through expanding welcoming infrastructure and social fields for young migrants.

In this article, we analyse the deterrence relationship between NATO and China in the space domain. As the alliance's newest operational domain, NATO remains heavily dependent upon its nation states' space assets. At the same time, China is developing advanced counterspace capabilities designed to exploit this dependency by holding NATO members' space assets at risk. We argue that NATO deterrence in the space domain is hampered by internal reliance on US patronage in space. This is evident in the lack of intra-alliance burden sharing in space, as well as the lack of clear transatlantic unity in how to approach space at a strategic level. We propose steps to strengthen NATO deterrence in space vis-à-vis China. Particularly, increased burden sharing in space through inter-operable capabilities and strategic coherency between Europe and North America on defence in the space domain would bolster both capability and resolve for NATO's deterrent in space.

This study reviews the impact of importation on business performance of the Nigerian textile industries. The business performance was assessed using some key performance index such as: revenue growth, sales growth, profit level, contribution to Gross Domestic product (GDP), employment rate, and customer satisfaction. This study further brings into the fore the condition of the textile industries in Nigeria. A case analysis and exploratory related approach was employed for data interpretation. Data were collected from the Central bank of Nigeria, the World Bank, National Bureau of Statistics, and other related literature. The findings indicated that the textile industries in Nigeria are declining in their business performance owing to the low patronage from the consumers who are dissatisfied with the quality of their products. The industries are confronted with some challenges and limitations which include: the lack of funds, poor infrastructure, international trade policies, and consumer buying behavior.

The future of small and micro-enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria's informal sector has received less attention since the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this article, the challenges and characteristics of the informal sector are used as arguments for understanding the future of SMEs in this sector in the era of the COVID-19 global pandemic. The study recruited a total of 17 informal-sector SME business owners in Lagos, Nigeria. The major implications of the pandemic include reduced patronage, low financial turnout, increased operational costs, poor supply chain functions, and liquidation of many SMEs. The need to embrace innovation and strategic change management is shown as critical to the sustainability of SMEs in the informal sector. This research echoes the need for a more regulatory function of the operations of informal-sector SMEs towards addressing the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic for small businesses.

Based on extensive ethnographic fieldwork on Swedo-Russian musical collaborations, this article explores the link between popular music and the conspicuous consumption of Russia's wealthy elite. Presenting two specific cases, one following a Russian millionaire's wife's efforts to become a pop star and the other exploring a wealthy Russian's pursuit of patronage for emerging pop artists, the article describes how popular music became a means for Russia's rich elite not only to show off their wealth and luxurious lifestyles but also to exchange monetary means for other forms of (cultural) capital, such as fame, coolness, and associations with a Western lifestyle. Furthermore, the article situates this elite dynamic in relation to specific Russian historical trajectories, and the ways in which the influence of the economic elite within the Russian music industry creates an unlevelled playing field for professionals trying to make a living from making popular music.

Abstract
This article analyzes the reconstruction of the image of Prince Kelesh Bey Shervashidze (b. 1747) in the memory politics of Abkhazia through the prism of cultural resistance, from the perestroika period up to the present day. It argues that Abkhaz politicians use a dual approach to constructing the figure of Kelesh Bey. On the one hand, an anti-colonial narrative of the prince in opposition to the Russian and Soviet colonial system is created, and on the other hand, a more traditional colonial narrative aligned with Russia's patronage of Abkhazia's unrecognised statehood is also encouraged. However, the controversy over these discourses is formal in nature. The only real purpose of reviving the Russian and Soviet readings of Kelesh Bey is to hide Abkhaz cultural resistance from Russia, owing to the latter's own dualistic status as embodying both Abkhazia's former imperial center and its modern patron.

Sistem politik di Indonesia masih kental dengan sistem paternalisme dan oligarki. Hal ini justru dapat menghambat kemajuan sistem politik di Indonesia. Penulisan ini menggunakan teknik studi literatur. Data dikumpulkan dari berbagai sumber yaitu artikel jurnal, berita, dan buku yang berkaitan dengan sistem dan budaya politik di Indonesia. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa tantangan sistem politik Indonesia ke depan yaitu peningkatan pelembagaan demokrasi dan SPI (Sistem Politik Indonesia) presidensialisme, serta penyesuaian pola kepemimpinan politik dan pemerintah. Peluang sistem politik Indonesia ke depan yaitu berpangku pada para pemuda yang memiliki peran penting dalam menentang sistem paternalisme dan oligarki yang sudah membudaya dan bisa mendobrak kemajuan sistem politik di Indonesia. Budaya politik masyarakat masih bersifat parokhialkaula dan parokhial-partisipan. Sikap ikatan primordialisme masih sangat mengakar dalam masyarakat Indonesia. Paternalisme dalam budaya politik Indonesia menjadikan pola orientasi dan sikap politik masyarakat bersifat patronage.

This paper examined the factors responsible for Nigerian's students seeking foreign higher education. The paper employed secondary and primary data. The data were sourced from print and online resources. Inadequate funding of higher education, inadequate higher institutions, unstable academic calendar, admission problems, poor quality of higher education, inadequate infrastructural facilities, insecurity problem, un conducive learning environment, scholarships opportunities, and competitive higher education were identified as reasons and factors responsible for patronage of foreign higher education by Nigerians. To address these problems, the paper suggested adequate funding of higher education, establishment of more higher institutions, ensure stable academic calendar, decentralize administration processes, ensure quality higher education by employ adequate and qualified lecturers, provision of adequate infrastructural facilities, implement lecturers-students ratio policies as formulated and ensure learning environment are conducive by providing all human and materials resources needed in all public higher educations.

Drawing initially on the "Introduction" to Agents of Translation (Milton & Bandia 2009) and my work on Monteiro Lobato (Milton 2010, 2019), this article presents a number of the elements of the agency of translation such as patronage, habitus, and gatekeeping. Agents are also involved in an Actor Network, and they may act as ambassadors for the author or school they are attempting to introduce. The study then summarizes the work I have done on the Brazilian editor, author, and translator, José Bento de Monteiro Lobato. It then introduces two new studies, the first on Benjamin Moser, the translator and editor of the Brazilian novelist, Clarice Lispector, and the second on Liz Calder, former owner of the Bloomsbury Press, and the originator of FLIP, the annual literary festival held in the historic coastal town of Paraty, in the state of Rio de Janeiro.

This paper discusses the role of choral institutions in Plato's ideal polis. In the fourth century BC, choral competitions were a key site of political discourse in Athens, exposing the conflicts inherent to the use of aristocratic patronage in a democratic system. As the demos embraced new musical practices, aristocrats critiqued these changes as a proxy for their opposition to democracy itself. Plato, operating firmly within the aristocratic tradition, placed choral education at the center of his ideal polis as a means to restore and cultivate aristocratic power. However, he also sought to use choral music as a means to rise beyond the aristocratic past, tempering power and honor with moderation and wisdom. His musical program acted as a means of social control, a clarification of social status, and a tool for moral formation of citizens, re-solidifying the aristocracy while transcending its faults.

Abstract
That festivities are woven into the historical image of the Austrian diplomat, foreign minister, and state chancellor Clemens von Metternich (1773–1859) is in part the byproduct of his investment in music. As an amateur performer, passionate connoisseur, attentive patron, and frequent host, Metternich cultivated an international soundworld that presented opportunities for cooperative performances. Ensemble music and collective listening provided experiences of international concert that gained significance in the context of multilateral congresses and meetings. Musical exchanges, sustained through the activity of women and professional musicians, contributed to fostering diplomatic relations and international presence. In the context of the Restoration's competing soundworlds, Metternich deployed a patronage of Rossini's work and Italian opera music, with increasing intensity but mixed effect. This history speaks to the function of music in the presentation of self in international encounters and the resources to be found in the plurality of roles diplomats perform.

AbstractThe recent expansion of the primary electorate by one of Ghana's major parties offers a rare opportunity to assess the effects of franchise extensions in contemporary new democracies. Using an original dataset on candidate entry and nominations, this article shows that expanding the primary electorate opened paths to office for politicians from social groups that were previously excluded, such as women and ethnic groups outside the party's core national coalition. The authors propose that democratizing candidate selection has two consequences in patronage-oriented political systems: vote buying will become a less effective strategy and the electorate will become more diverse. These changes, in turn, affect the types of politicians who seek and win legislative nominations. This suggests that a simple shift in who votes in intraparty primaries can be a key institutional mechanism for improving the descriptive representation of women and other under-represented groups.