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In this article the formation of A. S. Bartenev as a medieval scholar is considered against a broad background of institutional changes and reform of the system of higher education and postgraduate studies in the USSR in the second half of the 1920s – first half of the 1930s. The development of the system of academic training in the field of medieval studies took place under the direct influence of the scholars of the "old" school, who sought to adapt the traditional requirements for qualifying essays to the new conditions. Thus, they established continuity in the development of science.

Nos. 1-3 issued without series title or numbering. ; Mode of access: Internet.

The article discusses the role of the history of psychology in the search for adequate solutions to the methodological problems of psychological science. The most recent studies of consciousness, which combine a meticulous study of anatomy and physiology of the brain with the help of modern technology and introspective reports of the bearer of consciousness, differ little in their methodological foundations from those of more than a century ago, which were subjected to sound criticism for Cartesian dualism by L.S. Vygotsky and other representatives of cultural-historical activity theory in psychology. L.S. Vygotsky's distinction between perezhivanie (experience) and scientific knowledge gives grounds to be critical of the assertion of some representatives and supporters of analytic philosophy that it is impossible to have a scientific comprehension of consciousness, which they identify with subjective reality. A comparative historical analysis of psychological ideas of B. Spinoza, A.N. Leontiev, and E.V. Ilyenkov leads to a conclusion that, in constructing his theory of activity, A.N. Leontiev was guided not by the official Soviet version of Marxism («dialectical materialism») but by the provisions of authentic Marxism. The philosophers of E.V. Ilyenkov's circle fairly viewed Marxism as a continuation and development of Spinozism. On this philosophical basis, A.N. Leontiev's scientific school created the concept of activity as a peculiar substance, with consciousness (and the psyche in general) being its function. This doctrine, confirmed by numerous empirical studies and the practice of forming consciousness in ontogenesis, is a good alternative to the Cartesian-oriented research on consciousness in modern cognitive sciences, which has reached a methodological dead end. The paper also shows the role of archival research in clarifying the origin and original meaning of terminology used in psychology. For example, the study of transcripts of the 1948 discussions presented in A.N. Leontiev's book An Essay on the Development of the Psyche reveals that the phrase «the threefold scheme of analysis» originally appeared in the speeches of Leontiev's opponents, while these terms (later used by Leontiev himself in his book Activity. Consciousness. Personality) only confuse the matter and do not allow one to adequately understand the non-trivial view on activity as a substance of consciousness developed by A.N. Leontiev's school. In conclusion, the author argues that the special attention of the international scientific community to the historical heritage of the founders of cultural-activity psychology is due to its specific methodology, which makes it a «science of the future» and, in turn, requires a new historical-psychological and theoretical reflection.

The present paper constitutes a partial report of the results until now obtained, del investigation project "the conceptions that based the initial formation of professors of sciences on the Superior Normal School of Colombia, from its beginning to 1952" stand out the dominant conceptions and its foundation of the denominated social studies of science or sociology is fitted inside del knowledge. Reference to made investigations is done that show the thought class that dominated in Colombia with respect to the technologies and the studied problem of the paper of Mutis in the introduction of Newtonian dynamics in the "Virreinato La Nueva Granada". In the same way, it is alluded to the social history of chemistry in the country, in regard to which the creation of the chemistry studies, obeyed to the same cultural, political and economic conditions that gave origin to the Superior Normal School of Colombia ; Se presentan los resultados obtenidos del proyecto de investigación titulado "Las concepciones que fundamentaron la formación inicial de profesores de ciencias en la Escuela Normal Superior de Colombia, desde su inicio hasta 1952". Se destacan las concepciones dominantes y se encuadra su fundación dentro de los denominados estudios sociales de la ciencia o sociología del conocimiento. Se referencian investigaciones publicadas que muestran la clase de pensamiento que dominaba en Colombia con respecto a las tecnologías y el estudiado problema del papel de Mutis en la introducción de la dinámica newtoniana en el Virreinato de la Nueva Granada. De la misma manera, se alude a la historia social de la química en el país, en razón de que la creación de los estudios de química, obedecieron a las mismas condiciones culturales, políticas y económicas que dieron origen a la Escuela Normal Superior de Colombia

In this paper we trace the institutional history and rationale of the Earth System Science Partnership by studying the practical and epistemic contributions of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme and the International Human Dimensions Programme respectively. While the main aim of our study is to offer an empirical understanding of how this new partnership for the integrated study of the Earth System has come about, the paper also conceptualises the scientific practices and modes of thought represented by the ESSP as a central form of agency in Earth System governance. In order to understand the formation of governance practices in the Earth System, we argue that it is necessary to critically scrutinise the diverse set of knowledges and practices that have constituted the Earth System as a thinkable and governable domain. ; Earth System Governmentality