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How do the qualities of United Nations peacekeeping operations (PKOs) influence the duration of peace after civil wars? Recent work shows that UN peacekeeping extends the duration of peace. However, this work has only been able to assess whether the presence or absence of UN missions affects post-conflict peace processes. Such analyses offer little in the way of policy prescriptions for planning and structuring PKOs to effectively pursue their goals. By employing fine-grained data on the personnel composition of PKOs, and generating expectations from rationalist bargaining models of civil war, we argue that the number and type of personnel deployed to a PKO influence the UN's ability guarantee peace by addressing the information and commitment problems that so often lead to the collapse of post-conflict peace. We analyze how the composition of missions influences the duration of peace, finding that, as the number of UN military troops deployed increases, the chance of civil war recurring decreases. However, other personnel types do not have the same effect. We conclude that the effectiveness of post-conflict peacekeeping lies in the ability of PKOs to alleviate commitment problems through the deployment of military troops that are able to defend the peace.

This article attempts to assess the role of courts and other adjudicative institutions in the definition, interpretation, and management of conflict. Understanding the function of courts requires an understanding of a society's entire range of conflict management mechanisms. Particular emphasis is placed on those variables most likely to determine where and how conflicts will be solved.Adjudicative institutions can be effectively differentiated by a typology which measures the level of formality in procedures and the degree of "publicness." The structure of a dispute-resolving institution will have an important effect on which disputes are presented to it and how they are decided. The nature of the dispute, goals of the disputants, social context, and political culture are also important variables.Government has an important stake in the manner in which disputes arise and are resolved. It may promote or require the resolution of some disputes in the courts while allowing others to be resolved in less public and formal arenas. Formal litigation may provide a model for private dispute resolution. It may also absorb and deflect grievances before they escalate into more organized and intense demands on the political system. Finally, litigation may have an important effect on system stability by promoting support for regime values.

As cities become more diverse, interminority relations are increasingly important. An examination of the controversy between blacks and Korean Americans over liquor stores in South Central Los Angeles reveals some obstacles to rainbow coalitions. But the ability of key leaders to sustain a nonracial discourse also allowed the conflict to be managed within certain bounds. This case study indicates the need for more subtle distinctions than simply coalition and conflict in interminority relationships and the value of more fully exploring the different ways in which interminority conflict can be managed.

This article provides an assessment and critique of the current state of crisis management literature with special emphasis on what historical case studies reveal about the validity of this approach to world politics. After a review of the literature, which notes the benefits from a variety of approaches to the study of crisis, the authors examine the stated and unstated assumptions about the need for dealing with crises and the means by which this might best be accomplished. The authors offer some advice on how to improve studies in this area by recognizing the variety of crisis situations in history, the importance of individual people and thier domestic context, and the need for a taxonomy of crises.

Most studies examine post conflict society based in security and aid management approach for conflict-management. However, some scholars in conflict studies also suggest an institutional design approach to accommodate conflict parties in aftermath regions, which focuses on seeking an appropriate and acceptable "formula" to resolve conflicts. Based on Indonesia's case, this study proposes a political compromise approach among different parties, at least for core conflict groups, to formulate an institutional framework in ensuring sustainable peace. This study discusses the feasibility of institutional design in order to mitigate dispute escalation in conflict-prone areas in Indonesia through applying theories of centripetalism (Lijphart,1969) and consocialism (Horowitz, 1985). This paper utilizes the analysis tool of Ilievski and Wolff (2011) to analyze the institutional design of conflict resolution Keywords: Post Conflict Governance, Peace Study, Institutional Theory, Indonesian Study

Despite a well-documented link between resource production and political instability, little is known about what forms of resource management can disrupt the resource-conflict link and contribute to stability. The dataset "Managing resource-related conflict" presents event-based data on postconflict resource management after countries have experienced armed conflict related to lootable resource extraction from 1945-2013. The dataset contains four resource management strategies (exclusionary, shared, transformative, paternalistic) based on two dimensions (inclusion in resource governance, distribution of costs and benefits). The data is published as supplement to the article "Managing resource-related conflict: A framework of lootable resource management and post conflict stabilization" in the Journal of Conflict Resolution.

Foreword -- Preface -- List of Figures and Tables -- Acronyms and Abbreviations -- Notes on Contributors -- 1 Introduction Local Peacebuilding through a Gender Lens -- Elisabeth Prügl, Rahel Kunz, Mimidoo Achakpa, Henri Myrttinen, Joy Onyesoh, Arifah Rahmawati, Christelle Rigual and Wening Udasmoro -- 2 Questioning the Mantra 'All for One and One for All' The Reintegration of Aceh's Female Ex- combatants -- Arifah Rahmawati -- 3 Exploring Gendered Understandings of Peace in Delta State -- Ceren Bulduk, Joy Onyesoh and Mimidoo Achakpa -- 4 Art-for-Peace in Ambon An Intersectional Reading -- Wening Udasmoro and Rahel Kunz -- Interlude 1: Doing Research Differently? Putting Feminist Research Principles into Practice -- Henri Myrttinen -- Interlude 2: The Silencing of Gender-Based Violence -- Christelle Rigual, Henri Myrttinen, Arifah Rahmawati and Mimidoo Achakpa -- 5 'No Matter What-I've Got Rights' Women's Land Grab Protests in Banyuwangi, East Java -- Wening Udasmoro and Elisabeth Prügl -- 6 Umuada A Sociopolitical Institution for Peacebuilding and Conflict Management in Nigeria -- Joy Onyesoh -- 7 Three Dimensions of Gender Mainstreaming in Economic Peacebuilding Insights from Indonesia and Nigeria -- Christelle Rigual -- 8 Conclusion. Seeing Patterns, Finding Diversity Researching and Engaging with Gender and Peacebuilding in Indonesia and Nigeria -- Henri Myrttinen -- Index.

In the modern world, situations often arise in which the value-based regulation of human activity weakens and the old requirements lose their relevance. The need for analysis is associated with the "normality" of the state of anormativity as an attribute of a new social status relating to the sphere of government. The purpose of this article is to study the dynamics of the development of values and norms as a possible reason for the inefficiency of managerial decisions. The sociocultural method made it possible to consider the individual, the person and society as a single integral system in which the elements are not reducible to each other, as well as to describe the conflict of values and norms as a complex of sociocultural pathologies leading to ineffective managerial decisions. Value analysis was used to reveal the content of the conflict of values and norms and their manifestations in culture and to describe the axiological mechanisms of sociocultural interactions. The hermeneutical method made it possible to identify and study the factors of conflict between values and norms and to form an idea of value consciousness. The structural-functional approach was used to identify elements of society and culture that contribute to the emergence of a conflict of values and norms. The phenomenological method was useful in the analysis of the conflict of values and norms as a pathological state (deformation) of human consciousness. Methods of comparison, analysis, deduction, induction, generalization, analogy, classification, abstraction were also used. Value-normative and institutional analysis made it possible to clarify the nature of the norm and to define a negative value convention. It was found that the change in values is carried out through value consciousness as a special phenomenological feature of a person, the main pathology of which is fragmentation, which leads to a conflict of values and norms. In particular, the idea of interaction between value-normative and institutional analysis was introduced, which made it possible to clarify the nature of the norm, define a negative value convention, and also distinguish between two ways of thinking and behavior as a prerequisite for a conflict of values and norms: based on common axiological attitudes and particular institutions. It was determined that with the help of norms, society leaves a reflection on values, and social actors are able to initiate the normization of certain actions. If these actions do not correspond to norms and values, a process of denormization takes place, as a result of which anormia arise. Norms break away from values and merge with particular institutional rules, forming an agreement on the methods of obtaining benefits – a negative value convention. The practical value of this scientific work lies in the possibility of using its materials in the process of developing decisions to reform the management decision-making system.

"The Economic Roots of Conflict and Cooperation in Africa" explores how the development strategies of African nations shape the nature and dynamics of inter-group violence. The overview chapter assesses development doctrines, patterns of development, and levels and nature of violence in both North Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa. Focusing on eleven countries, the case-study contributions explore the immediate and long-term impacts of development initiatives on reducing or increasing inter-group conflict and violence. They demonstrate the importance of evolving identities as economic roles and conditions change. These insights can guide policymakers, development professionals, and activists committed to conflict-sensitive development

Among current global threats, the risk of developing an emergency requires a comprehensive approach from all entities involved in crisis management. Despite the advanced technologies available to predict each threat, taking appropriate countermeasures is often impossible. Often the best solution is to prepare in advance and act efficiently after the occurrence of a given threat event. It is also crucial to implement the latest methods and solutions that allow for better preparation and response in case of an emergency. This article presents the results of the analysis of the use of modern satellite systems aimed at, among others, improving security in the event of armed conflicts and crises. This perspective is written for two reasons. Foremost is to present the potential of the existing Polish security system, which aims to reduce the risks and minimise the problems of crisis management associated with natural disasters. Secondly, to foster a discussion and create a basis for exchanging information and advances within the countries implementing similar solutions. It is especially crucial in joint actions with neighbouring countries in case of emergencies and disasters in border areas.