Suchergebnisse

In 2004, Europe will undergo a significant historicalchange in 2004. Several of the former communistcountries of Central and Eastern Europe willjoin the European Union (EU) in creating an unprecedentedvoluntary association of democratic stateswith market economies. Thus, the whole structureof political, economic and social relations in the regionwill change. What will be the impact of thischange be toon public policy and administration inthe countries inside and outside the EU borders?What actions will be needed to harmonize the waypublic interests are followed on the whole continent?

In order to contribute to the effectiveness ofpublic and private organizations, in the last twentyyears organizational climate has been analyzed frommany points of view, as of public administration togroup psychology. While some authors have alreadyidentified the importance of organizational climate(Williamson, 1997; Guldenmund, 2000) on organizationalefficacy issues, many investigators state thatthe relationship between the two has been insufficientlyexplored (Silva, 2003). Organizational climateperceptions in bureaucratic organizations place somedoubts for the researchers thus far (Meyer, 2003). Asin the twenty-first century public sector organizationsexperience the tensions that arise between the demandsof government, business, and civil society, thesurveys on different aspects of organizational climateand effectiveness continue to be important up to now.In addition, the relationship between organizationalclimate and effectiveness in public sector of EastEuropean countries has mainly been a theoreticalproposition. Therefore, the main purpose of this researchwas to evaluate the relationship between organizationalclimate and effectiveness in Lithuanian Government which is one of the principal public organizationsthat serve in public interest for Lithuaniansociety.

The civil service in postcommunist Lithuania has been created, legally regulated and developed during the last decade of the twentieth century. The employees working there had to be radically trained at least for two reasons: the needs came from the dinamically developed system and the next package of needs indicated Lithua- nia's attempts for integration with the European Union. The article deals with training development for governmental employees, which is gradually becoming syste- matic and innovative. Lately there has been the training strategy of governmental employees approved. We discuss the possibility to apply the standart of learning organization in public sector. Some problems are to be solved to start to realise the training strategy: the learning has to be systematized, i.e. every civic servant has to be involved in a learning process; the forms of the trainings have to be diversified, the motivation to seek efficiency as well as needs assessment have to be improved. We analize some aspects of financing trainings in different governmental bodies and make conclusion, that there are remarkable differences between them. The need to create the national integra- ted information system of training is stated.

Public policy is a process about selecting strategies and making choices. Public policy making include some steps –getting of agenda, policy formulation, policy adoptions, policy implementation. It must be also evaluated to see theintended results, to revise existing and future public programs and projects. Public policy can be studied as producing threetypes of policies (distributive, regulatory and re-distributive) related with decision making process. Public administration isthe set of processes, structures, functions, methods and procedures. Public administration is the formulation andparticularly implementation of public policy and the examination of the strategies and choices associated with that process.Public administration also can be defined as public programs and projects, profession and as academic field of study.There is no clear separation between administration and politics in the development of government policy and publicadministration. Administrators engage in political acts by recommending legislation as much as by making policydecisions in carrying out the laws. The administrators understanding of managerial issues and policies places them in aposition of substantial expertise, while their knowledge of administrative and legal procedures helps them by suggestingways of managing and enforcing the laws. The most modern forms of governance, administrative innovations allow us toassume that legislative and implementing contents of institutional activity today acquires new specific features. Executivebureaucratic structures using expert-consultation services, get more and more possibilities to really influence not only theimplementation of policy and the estimation of activities, but also to directly influence the preparation of public sectordirections and strategy.

This article examines peculiarities of the development and implementation of environmental protection programmes,taking in account the hierarchy of the programmes as well as the impacts of state regulation in this area.The rationale of applying classic public administration and the new public administration models to the implementationof these programmes is analysed from the position of technical learning, conceptual learning and social learning.The case of Lithuania demonstrates that both at a central and local government levels traditional publicadministration methods are predominant. However central government usually operates at a technical and conceptuallearning levels, while local governments show conceptual and social learning aspects in environmental protection.The latter creates the necessary pre–conditions for the application of the new public administration methods.

This article gives the overview of the implementation of strategic planning system in Lithuania and identifiesthe problems that were posed while implementing the mentioned system.The reforms were practically implemented in 2000 when the Strategic Planning Manual was adopted by theGovernment of Lithuania. The Manual provides instructions for the preparation of strategic plans. In 2000 for thefirst time ministries' and Government agencies' strategic plans were prepared following the budget formation cyclefor the year 2001. Following the Manual the ministries and Government agencies pointed out expected results theywanted to achieve. In this way the activity transformed from process oriented into result oriented. Monitoring andreporting is a fundamental part of a good planning process and in 2002 for the first time ministries and Governmentagencies have reported on the results achieved against their planning targets.This article also includes analysis of experience as well as suggestions for future improvement. Progress isrequired at two levels: first, the political level (the Prime Minister and Ministers) needs to be more actively involvedin the deliberations on priority setting. Second, the administrative level needs to improve decision–making process.

Frontmatter -- Inhaltsverzeichnis -- Anleitung -- 1. Tante Frieda kommt zu Besuch -- 2. Die Narren sind los! -- 3. Die Sache mit der Liebe -- 4. Otto ist weg! -- 5. Es war einmal … -- 6. Königlich Bayerisches Amtsgericht -- 7. Der Marktschreier-Wettbewerb -- 8. Pferderennen in Ascot -- 9. Abenteuer im Wald -- 10. Liederspaziergang -- 11. Der Wettstreit der Glocken -- 12. Am Tatort -- 13. Urlaub in den Bergen -- 14. Was hör' ich da? -- 15. Im Bahnhofscafé -- 16. Im Fußballstadion -- 17. Elvis und Jimmy -- 18. Der Rummel ist wieder in der Stadt -- 19. Schiff Ahoi! -- 20. In der Plätzchendose ist was los -- 21. Die Weihnachtsgeschichte nach Lukas -- 22. Eine kleine Geschichte zur Guten Nacht -- Anhang: Bastelanleitungen

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Analysiert werden der Wahlkampf und das Wahlergebnis der Parlamentswahlen in Albanien am 22./29. März 1992 sowie die anschließende Wahl Sali Berishas zum neuen Präsidenten und die Bildung des ersten demokratischen Kabinetts. Abschließend werden die politischen und wirtschaftlichen Perspektiven Albaniens nach dem Wahlsieg der Demokraten diskutiert. (BIOst-Wpt)

The author was killed by Roland Barthes in 1968 in the essay "The Death of the Author". This was an act of euthanasia, forming part of a larger poststructuralist project of putting down obdurate rhetorical practices in literature, where the endorsement of myths like authenticity, the representational value of language, the idea of the final analysis, according to Barthes, had unreasonably governed the ways in which literature was written, read and understood. The author figured as a mark of power, as the authority of a closed sign-system, dictating, or centralising, the ways in which a text must be read. With the author over and done with and the general rhetorical ploys of narration demasked, stripping language to represent nothing but itself, the stage was set for a new understanding (and practice) of literature as a particularly decentred and liberating zone that would seize on any form of power discourse - history, anthropology, politics, religion, etc - still abusing the powers of deception in language in the interest of the speaker.

Issues of authorial control and intention are hotly debated in fifteenth-century France, pervading the literature of the time and overflowing into public debates and sermons. While Christine's central participation in the Querelle de la Rose has frequently been examined, the importance of the vernacular prose letter in Christine de Pizan's larger authorial strategy has been largely overlooked. Yet Christine's prose letters provide sharp insight into her construction of authorship and of the individual as subject, and prove an ideal medium for expressing her political and moral concerns. The prose epistle offers Christine a highly codified narrative space in which to articulate her existence as a woman author and her duty as a political subject. Prose's representational limits will not hinder Christine's arguments but actually help to express a new conception of the polis as a political force relating to every subject. ; The dissertation considers two groups of letters: the epistolary dossier known as the Debat and Christine's later prose epistles categorized as her oeuvres de circonstance: the Epistre a la Reine (1405), the Lamentacion sur les maux de la guerre civile (1410), and the Epistre de la prison de vie humaine (1418). In the Debat Chistine articulates a new subjectivity of authorship by presenting moral and political perspectives which differ from those of her adversaries. Writing in the vernacular is a political and cultural choice; Christine in so doing reconstructs France's historical past and posits herself as a "present" author who is attuned to France's political difficulties. In the oeuvres de circonstance Christine goes beyond the imagery of the Debat's absent prince to depict France as both subject and object of Christine's epistolary call to action. Like the Debat, these three prose letters alternate between allegorical discourse and the more literal discourse of the judicial text. Finally, in the Livre du corps de policie (1415) Christine posits the role of the author as necessary for the creation of a new French state, a state dependent on the author and her signature for its articulation. ; Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 60-12, Section: A, page: 4420. ; Chair: Peter Haidu. ; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Los Angeles, 1999.