Suchergebnisse

Skeptics of school choice are concerned that parents, especially low-income ones, will not choose schools based on sound academic reasoning. Many fear that, given choice, parents will sort themselves into different schools along class lines. However, most surveys find that parents of all socioeconomic groups cite academic aspects as important when choosing a school. Moreover, almost no parents refer to the social composition of the student body. Many advocates of choice hold up these results as proof that choice will produce desirable outcomes. However, these results may not be reliable because they may simply be verbal responses to survey items rather than indicators of actual behavior. In this research, we report on the search behavior of parents in the Metropolitan Region of Santiago, Chile, examining how they construct their school choice sets and comparing this to what they say they are seeking in choosing schools. The data indicate that parental decisions are influenced by demographics. Based on this evidence, we argue that unfettered choice may reduce the pressure on schools to improve their performance and could potentially increase stratification. [Copyright 2006 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.]

"The Body Productive represents a new and radical approach to the relationships between capitalism, work and the body. Self-evident, natural, biological - this is how we think of the body on an everyday basis. However, this supposedly most direct aspect of our being may in fact be a primary site of socio-economic mediation and ideological reproduction. How are bodies produced under capitalism? How, in turn, does capitalism make bodies productive? How is the body (and knowledge of the body) shaped by demands of production, consumption and exchange, and how can these logics be resisted, challenged and overcome? These are the questions at the heart of The Body Productive, a collection of original, radical new approaches to the relationships between capitalism, work and the body from an international group of scholars and activists. Taking inspiration from the neglected theoretical work of François Guéry and Didier Deleule, and bridging Marxist and Foucauldian traditions, this book rethinks the relationships between the biological and the social; the body and the mind; power and knowledge; discipline and control"--

This anthology examines the "unfinished project of modernity" with respect to the unrealized potential for economic, social, and political development in Africa. It also shows how, facing the consequences of modernism, Africans in and out of the continent are responding to these unfinished projects drawing on (a) the customary, (b) the novelty of modernity, and (c) positive aspects of modernism, for the organization of their societies and the enrichment of their lives even as they contend with the negative aspects of modernity and modernism.

Since the end of the Second World War, society has been characterised by rapid and extensive political, economic, scientific, and technological change. Opportunities for education, employment, human relations, and good health, have all been greatly affected by those changes, as have all aspects of life. Consequently, each post-war generation has been like no other before or since.Britain, uniquely, has five large-scale life course studies that began at intervals throughout that period. They have shown how lives are shaped by individual characteristics, their past and current experiences and op

Stark social inequalities have been revealed and exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. This book explores these inequalities through three thematic strands: power and governance, gender, and marginalized communities. Through its examination, the book uncovers how unequal the pandemic truly is.

La crisis fi nanciera que se inicia en España en 2008 ha tenido un profundo impacto socioeconómico en la población civil, particularmente entre las clases medias. El gobierno, en vez de incentivar el ahorro, ha llevado a cabo una política de recortes y de inmovilismo público. Como consecuencia del incremento del desempleo, del adelgazamiento del Estado del Bienestar, de la pobreza y de un amplio descontento de los excesos del capitalismo, ha surgido una amplia diversidad de economías sociales para posibilitar el acceso básico a bienes y servicios y una emergencia considerable de empresas sociales. El análisis de estas iniciativas revela, sin embargo, dos aspectos relevantes: primero, que son iniciativas 'autorreferenciadas'(es decir, generadas por y pensadas para la clase media) y, segundo, que son alternativas más destinadas a la auto-ocupación y el autoempleo que a colectivos realmente necesitados. En cualquier caso, estos movimientos se relacionan con otros colectivos descontentos con la política actual, que está dando lugar a una mayor conciencia política hacia la izquierda ; The financial crisis that began in Spain in 2008 has had a profound economic impact on the civil population, particularly among the middle classes. The government, instead of encouraging savings, has carried out a policy of cuts and public immobility. As a result of rising unemployment, the weakening of the welfare state, the increase of poverty and the widespread discontent of the excesses of capitalism, there emerged a wide range of social economies to enable basic access to goods and services and a considerable emergence of social companies. An analysis of these initiatives reveals, however, two important aspects: first, that many of these initiatives are 'self-referential' (i.e. generated by and designed for the middle class) and, second, that such alternatives are often designed for selfemployment. In any case, these movements are related to other groups dissatisfied with the current policy, which is leading to a greater political tendency to left-wing policies

Building Dignified Worlds examines how contemporary collectives are designing alternative economies. Contemporary collectives differ markedly from previous groups associated with revolutionary politics. Instead of assembling large groups of workers around labor issues, these new collectives creatively arrange diverse peoples, animals, natural environments, and technologies around economic concerns. Like older forms of leftist organizing, these collectives seek to bring about change. However, rather than working to overthrow and replace an underlying capitalist system with an equally totalizing alternative like socialism, they experiment with new forms of economic life. As Gerda Roelvink notes, current markets are better conceptualized as dynamic social networks open to intervention fey innovative social movements that do not simply protest but actively forge functional alternatives. Radical scholars have theorized social transformation as a performative act and have provided extensive analysis of how discourse shade the world through language and is materialized in bodies and practices. Until now through little has been written about the geographical nature of collective associations "performing" new worlds. Taking actor-network and performativity theories of action as starting points, Roelvink reveals how the relational and geographical nature of performative action is central to the ways in which hybrid collectives strive to create alternative economies.

Health inequalities are a growing priority to the extent that these inequalities had become more evident and the strategies implementedhad failed. The Social Determinants of Health Commision fostered by the WHO encouraged reflection and led to progress in conceptualinterpretation. Nevertheless, this is only the institutional confirmation on the subject present for decades in Latin America through theexplanation presented by social medicine and collective health. Some criticisms about the suggestions made by the Commision hingearound the lack of a concrete and territorial approach to public policy. The paper sets out to review the document on social determinantsof health presented by the WHO and to analyze public policy in Chile, with the purpose of questioning the role of Occupational Therapyas a heath discipline that should contribute to the development of strategies that meet the international organization's proposals. Thepurpose is to add tension to the reflection about a key aspect to meet the points raised by the Commision: creating a critical mass ofhealth agents oriented to social and political issues. ; Las desigualdades en salud constituyen una prioridad creciente, en la medida que éstas se han hecho más evidentes y las estrategias implementadas, han fracasado. El resultado de la Comisión de Determinantes Sociales de la Salud impulsada por la OMS, estimuló la reflexión y entregó un avance en la interpretación conceptual; no obstante, este no es más que la ratificación institucional del tema, que en América Latina lleva décadas presente, con la explicación desde la medicina social y la salud colectiva. Críticas a las sugerencias hechas por la Comisión, giran sobre la falta de una aproximación concreta y territorial a las políticas sociales. Así, el objetivo del artículo es pasar revista al documento de la OMS sobre Determinantes sociales de la salud, analizar las políticas sociales de Chile, para finalmente, someter a cuestión el rol de la Terapia ocupacional, que como disciplina del área de la salud, ha ...

This volume serves as a critical examination of the discourses at play in the higher education system and the ways in which these discourses underpin the transmission of neoliberal values in 21st century universities. Situated within a Critical Discourse Analysis-based framework, the book also draws upon other linguistic approaches, including corpus linguistics and appraisal analysis, to unpack the construction and development of the management style known as managerialism, emergent in the 1990s US and UK higher education systems, and the social dynamics and power relations embedded within the discourses at the heart of managerialism in today's universities. Each chapter introduces a particular aspect of neoliberal discourse in higher education and uses these multiple linguistic approaches to analyze linguistic data in two case studies and demonstrate these principles at work. This multi-layered systematic linguistic framework allows for a nuanced exploration of neoliberal institutional discourse and its implications for academic labor, offering a critique of the managerial system in higher education but also a larger voice for alternative discursive narratives within the academic community. This important work is a key resource for students and scholars in applied linguistics, Critical Discourse Analysis, sociology, business and management studies, education, and cultural studies.

The increasing number of population growth affects the emergence of problems in Perumnas Tanjung Karang Permai to be more complex, one of them is situation problem, availability of social facilities and public facilities. Thus, it is necessary to sight more in-depth of the feasibility of availability, condition, and management of social and public facilities in PERUMNAS Tanjung Karang Permai Mataram. Standardized feasibility is taken from the Regional Regulation of Mataram City No. 4 the year 2016 Article 9 saying about the provision of infrastructure by the developer at least 30% of the land area of housing and standard that is currently set by the government namely SNI 03-1733-2004 on the procedures of regional planning housing town. This study aims at identifying the level of availability, condition or capacity of social facilities and public facilities to the needs of the population seen from the population and land area of social facilities and public facilities. The existence of location mapping of Social Facilities and Public Facilities is to explain the availability and spatial aspects of the condition in Perumnas Tanjung Karang Permai Mataram. The analysis is done by comparing the number of population with the availability of social facilities and public facilities. If there is an imbalance between the availability of social facilities and public facilities with the total population, then the existing condition can be said to be inadequate.

Cool. The concept has distinctly American qualities and it permeates almost every aspect of contemporary American culture. From Kool cigarettes and the Peanuts cartoon's Joe Cool to West Side Story (Keep cool, boy.) and urban slang (Be cool. Chill out.), the idea of cool, in its many manifestations, has seized a central place in our vocabulary. Where did this preoccupation with cool come from? How was Victorian culture, seemingly so ensconced, replaced with the current emotional status quo? From whence came American Cool?. These are the questions Peter Stearns seeks to answer in this timely an

Soil quality is in decline in many parts of the world, in part due to the intensification of agricultural practices. Whilst economic instruments and regulations can help incentivise uptake of more sustainable soil management practices, they rarely motivate long-term behavior change when used alone. There has been increasing attention towards the complex social factors that affect uptake of sustainable soil management practices. To understand why some communities try these practices whilst others do not, we undertook a narrative review to understand how social capital influences adoption in developed nations. We found that the four components of social capital – trust, norms, connectedness and power – can all influence the decision of farmers to change their soil management. Specifically, information flows more effectively across trusted, diverse networks where social norms exist to encourage innovation. Uptake is more limited in homogenous, close-knit farming communities that do not have many links with non-farmers and where there is a strong social norm to adhere to the status quo. Power can enhance or inhibit uptake depending on its characteristics. Future research, policy and practice should consider whether a lack of social capital could hinder uptake of new practices and, if so, which aspects of social capital could be developed to increase adoption of sustainable soil management practices. Enabling diverse, collaborative groups (including farmers, advisers and government officials) to work constructively together could help build social capital, where they can co-define, -develop and -enact measures to sustainably manage soils.

This ethnography describes and analyses the lives of dozens of young men and women in the community of Old Town, the cradle of the sprawling city of Bamenda, Cameroon. It details how young people, previously positioned as "youth" despite their attainment of biological maturity have sought to re-position themselves as social adults against a backdrop of diminishing state resources, prolonged economic crisis and more recently, raging armed conflict. Although the processes of becoming social adults are fraught with ambivalence, the ethnographer contends that their analyses enable readers to appreciate the specific ways in which gendered identities and subjectivities are created and social transformation brought about in local society. Becoming social adults entails labour-intensive processes that could easily be ignored and indeed, often ignored in the literature. The ethnography demonstrates that in their quest for social adulthood, an aspect of personhood in the Cameroon Grasslands, young people embark upon individual and collective practices of self-care which entail cultivating virtuous character aimed not only at their own moral transformation but also their community - deep practices that encapsulate what the ethnographer describes as moral citizenship"