Suchergebnisse

Serving as a parliamentarian in late-1940s Turkey, Dr. Mehmet Serif Korkut wrote of his perceptions of the gravest danger to Turkish workers and the nation: malaria. In his view as physician and politician, the greatest factor exacerbating this disease involved the rapid -though legally regulated- expansion of rice cultivation within the country. Addressing this problem through his writings, Korkut connected this commodity with conditions of unchecked agrarian capitalism and impoverishment. In such a context, he argued, rice farming caused the state to be plagued with corruption and the peasantry with malaria. Relying upon his primary texts and supported by archival research, this article presents and analyses a unique critique of agrarian capitalism from Turkey's early Cold War era. In doing so, it contributes to a broader appreciation for the diversity of sources, ideas, and linkages between histories of agriculture and public health. ; Siendo parlamentario en Turquía en los años finales de la década de los cuarenta del siglo xx, el Dr. Mehmet Serif Korkut escribió sobre lo que consideraba que era el peligro más grave para los trabajadores turcos y para el país: la malaria. Desde su punto de vista, como político y como médico, el principal factor que explica la difusión de esta enfermedad era la rápida, aunque legalmente regulada, expansión del cultivo del arroz en el país. Afrontando este problema desde sus escritos, Korkut vinculó este producto con las condiciones del capitalismo agrario y el empobrecimiento. En este contexto, argumentó que el cultivo del arroz favoreció la extensión de la corrupción en la administración pública y de la malaria entre el campesinado. Basándose en sus textos y con el apoyo de investigación archivística, este artículo presenta y analiza una crítica singular del capitalismo agrario en la Turquía de los primeros años de la guerra fría. De este modo, se contribuye a una apreciación más amplia de la diversidad de fuentes, ideas y vínculos entre la historia de la agricultura y la salud pública.

Governments in Antioquia during the 18th century urged the inhabitants of cities and towns to kill street pigs. This policy of violence gives us an idea of the daily confrontation between the elite and the pig farmers, who belonged to the lower class segment of the population. The government supported a model of civility based on the social control strategies promoted by the Bourbon administration. The pig farmers, mostly poor, collectively defended their business which provided them a basic income to survive on. With the frequent attacks on the street pigs and their owners, the elite class intended to prevent the poor from achieving economic independence as it was to their benefit to keep the farmers available for working as laborers in such areas as mining, agriculture and cattle-raising. ; Los cabildos de Antioquia, durante el siglo xviii, instaban a los habitantes de ciudades y villas a matar los cerdos callejeros. Este rasgo de violencia permite acercarse a la confrontación cotidiana entre la élite y los criadores de cerdos, un grupo social bajo. Los cabildos defendían un modelo de civilidad basado en estrategias de control social impulsadas por la administración borbónica. Los criadores de puercos, pobres en su mayoría, actuaban como colectivo defendiendo esta actividad, de donde obtenían unos pesos para subsistir. Con el frecuente ataque a los cerdos urbanos, y a sus dueños, la élite quiso impedir que ese sector de pobres adquiriera independencia económica, pues convenía sujetarlos, ocupando su mano de obra en labores mineras, agrícolas y ganaderas.

Expansion of irrigation is a recurrent objective of the agricultural development plans formulated by successive governments in Malawi. More intensive and continual use of Malawi's water and agricultural land resources is expected to increase and stabilize production of food and export crops, thereby increasing farm incomes, spurring growth in the agricultural sector, and enabling the country to more reliably meet the increasing food needs of its growing population. In addition, irrigation should allow for a more diverse set of crops to be grown throughout the year, with significant expansion desired particularly in the production of micronutrient-rich vegetables and fruit. With increasing use of irrigation across the country, Malawians will gain greater access to more food and a more diverse range of foods. The nutritional status of young children and other vulnerable groups should improve as a result. Conceptually, this nutritional argument to build support for expanding investments in irrigation in Malawi seems reasonable; however, there is little empirical evidence from Malawi or elsewhere to confirm whether irrigation improves nutritional status. ; Non-PR ; IFPRI1; CRP2; MaSSP ; DSGD; PIM ; CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM)