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Since Israel's independence in 1948, three changes have occurred in the relationship between the state & its citizens, all relative to communication. During the first phase of nation building, the nonliberal state had a monopoly over the means & content of mass communication. In the 1980s & early 1990s, privatized means of communication were formed, permitting the market to affect public preferences. In the late 1990s, the communication map may be altered again by a proposal for a new multicultural model. Traced here, both conceptually & historically, is the multifaceted nature of the interactions between politics & communication in Israel. Adapted from the source document.

The news media is traditionally the watchdog of democracy. Today, it is also one of the most pervasive global industries. In this lively and accessible book, Schultz systematically analyses the role of journalism in Australia and the scope of its democratic purpose. She examines key news stories, and looks at the attitudes of Australian journalists themselves. The fourth estate remains the ideal of most journalists, but the reality has been impaired by the increasing concentration of media ownership and by political, ethical and occupational interests. While Australian journalism has become bolder and more investigative, increasing commercialism and decreasing ethical standards have left the public sceptical. Schultz argues for a revival of the fourth estate based on journalistic independence and poltical autonomy, together with increased accountability and responsiveness

UN public information officer Dominic Medley assesses the current state of the Afghan media sector. He argues that there has been much progress over the last nine years, but more needs to be done to support domestic efforts to communicate directly with the Afghan public. Adapted from the source document.

Cover -- Title -- Contents -- Introduction -- 1. The GM wars -- 2. Don't mention the A word -- 3. First they came for the communists -- 4. Hype, hope and hybrids -- 5. The sacking of David Nutt -- 6. Scientists v sceptics -- 7. From floods to Fukushima -- 8. The sexist professor? -- 9. Strange bedfellows -- 10. A dying breed? -- 11. Follow the science -- Acknowledgements -- Index -- Copyright

This article discusses how is the woman image in mass media and what alternative can be done to make the woman image becomes good.Of analysis can be concluded that the mass media develops the image of woman through the streotype of woman. As a result, woman always becomes the source of media commercialisation and the news concerning woman tends to be discriminative. At the online media, woman is the active consumer in comparison with man so that woman can exposed her social activity. The gender mainstreaming and woman national commission's program represents strategic resolving alternative to less the discrimination to woman in mass media. So that, to be its execution can be measured and succeed to reach the target, the activity shall be controlled by the independent institution and the government.

According to previous studies, African American political leaders are often cast by the media as being both narrowly focused on matters of race & less influential than their white counterparts in the legislative process. This article explores the degree to which the press offices of African American members of Congress perceive this to be the case & the degree to which African American representatives contribute to this pattern of coverage. Interviews with congressional press secretaries reveal that they do find the media to be less fair in their treatment of African American members & believe that African American members are subject to pervasive stereotyping. Contrary to the media's depiction, however, the press secretaries, as well as an analysis of congressional Web sites, reveal that African American members portray themselves, & seek to be portrayed, as having diverse interests & significant influence in Washington. Thus it appears that the media, rather than the members, are primarily responsible for the stereotyped coverage of African Americans in Congress. 3 Tables, 27 References. Adapted from the source document.