Search results

In the networked information and knowledge society, we see a frequent use of the notions of "open" and "openness"; open source, open region, open economy, open government, open innovation. In parallel we can also observe changes of practises relating to how we produce and exchange products, information, knowledge and culture, enabled by the knowledge society, information technology and the Internet. This is the point of departure when this article examines how openness is interpreted and discussed in the three metropolitan regions of Stockholm, Göteborg and Malmö in Sweden. Accessibility as a quality of openness is found to play a particularly important role. From an institutional perspective openness is mainly discussed in relation to governance and policy, although openness may also be related to norms and culture. ; The paper is published by the European Journal of Spatial Development (EJSD). The previous version of the journal was host by Nordregio.

AbstractThis paper investigates how openness resulting from the adoption of the open-door policy influences air quality in urban China. City-level information is used to minimise the impacts of data inconsistency and data measurement problems. The intensity of international trade is used as a proxy for openness to examine how freer trade influences urban air quality. Several alternative measures of openness are adopted to investigate how different forms of openness can influence urban air quality. Our findings show that technique effects are the key to reversing the degradation of urban air quality and that openness is not necessarily a problem for urban air quality in China.

PurposeThe purpose of this research paper is to examine the effect of gender openness on female student representation within sport management preparation programs.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire was sent to 172 undergraduate and graduate sport management preparation programs within North America and 72 completed surveys were returned. These data were used to test confirmatory factor and structural equation models at the undergraduate (n=47) and graduate levels (n=47).FindingsResults show that gender openness progresses sequentially and is an effect of programmatic size.Research limitations/implicationsThe primary limitation of this research investigation was the utilization of a cross‐sectional design given the topic sensitivity. Despite its cross‐sectional focus, the study offers important insight about gender openness and inclusion for female students within sport management education.Originality/valueThis study utilized a non‐standard approach by examining programs relative to gender openness in sequence as they relate to women in management education. This refreshed approach should be valued by scholars and practitioners alike.

In recent years the Nigerian economy has been moving towards
increased liberalisation, greater openness, and greater financial
development. This paper examines the implications of these developments
for industrial growth in Nigeria. A simple model, which relates
industrial output growth to openness, stock market development, and a
battery of control variables, is specified and estimated, using annual
data covering the period 1970- 1997. The empirical evidence strongly
suggests that openness to world trade and stock market development are
among the key determinants of industrial output growth in Nigeria. The
other important factors are human capital input, non-military
expenditure, gross domestic product (GDP), which reflects the size of
physical capital, and inflation.

Androgyny and openness to experience were both investigated in a population of 100 Chinese people living in England. Androgyny was measured by the Bem scale, and openness to experience by the a scale developed by Coan. It was found that the androgynous subjects showed more openness to experience. However it was also noted that the scores for the Chinese subjects deviated from the US norms in a manner which suggested that the conceptualizationofandrogyny may vary both theoretically and empirically between cultures.

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the relationship, if any, between trade openness and the financial development in both, developed and developing countries. The relevance ofthe openness of the trade (TO) on the development of financial sector (FD) is explored in three panels. The first overall panel contains 64countries; the second contains 13 developed countries, while the third panel contains 51 developing countries over the period 1995-2016. Models are initially estimated using linear static and dynamic panel data estimators for balanced panel. Since N

Both in Turkey and in the world in 1980 was a year of major structural transformations. Globalization has been accelerated in this time and countries have implemented some liberal policies for opening borders to foreign capital. Economies began to be led by export-oriented industrialization and liberalization policies after 1980 and these policies continue since then. Turkey is one of these countries that began liberalization after 1980. While decreasing trade barriers exerts a downward pressure on prices trade liberalization represents a structural break. This study aims to examine the relationship between trade openness and inflation over the period 1980-2011 for Turkey by using OLS method. The proportion of foreign trade volume (exports plus imports) to GDP and real exchange rates are used as measures of trade openness besides inflation rate. As a result of the study, it has been determined that there was a negative correlation between trade openness and inflation rate for the dedicated years in Turkey. The effects of crisis and election years in Turkey have been also tested and found statistically insignificant.

Strategy development has traditionally been exclusive and secretive. Social software offers new opportunities to harness the collective intelligence of the crowd within organizations and allows more open, participatory modes of strategizing. This paper describes this new phenomenon of open strategy though crowdsourcing and discusses its implications for research and practice. It draws on first examples of crowdsourcing strategy and is further based on observations and theoretical reflections. To understand the phenomenon with its requirements and consequences, a number of questions and challenges are identified which remain to be investigated. These include how the process of opening up needs to be designed, how individuals can be motivated to engage, for which topics and under which conditions crowdsourcing strategy is a suitable approach, how strategies emerge in such initiatives, the appropriate role of management, and how corporate culture affects and is affected by crowdsourcing strategy. Open strategy through crowdsourcing is a newly emerging empirical phenomenon, which seems to fundamentally change the strategist's work. More open and inclusive ways of strategizing not only offer new opportunities, but also create some challenges for organizations. This paper deepens the insights in this new phenomenon and identifies seven topics critical for research and management practice.
Keywords: strategy, crowdsourcing, collective intelligence. JEL Classification: M19

This paper addresses a key issue in the current debate on economic development: the impact of globalization on poverty. After having discussed the problems related to the definition and measurement of both poverty and globalization, we perform a panel analysis which adds to recent literature by explicitly considering relative poverty and by conducting robustness analysis with respect to data, sources and dimensions of globalization. As far as absolute poverty is concerned, both trade openness and the "size of the government" seem to be associated with lower poverty levels. Conversely, financial openness is not linked to more poverty. With respect to relative poverty, trade openness does not affect it significantly, while weak evidence suggests that financial openness and policies aimed at reducing the size of the public intervention in the economy are linked to higher relative poverty.