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SummarySome retrospective data collected in a survey carried out in 1967–68 show that the practice of breast-feeding declined markedly in Great Britain between the 1930s and the 1960s. Throughout, women higher up the social-educational scale breast-fed more than those lower down. Women marrying before the age of 20 (as well as those marrying at age 30 or older) tended to breast-feed less than those marrying in their twenties; for the former, the explanation was probably 'social'. Needing, or choosing, to return to work soon after confinement was not, in general, an important inhibiting factor so far as breast-feeding was concerned. From the 1967–68 data, there seemed to be a negative association between the level of breast-feeding and birth order, but this may not have been 'genuine' since other data did not agree. There was a positive association between level of breast-feeding and family size, for family sizes up to four, but a drop for those with five or more children. This latter feature could be the result of a tendency for those with large families to arrive at this situation by way of short interbirth intervals, this in turn being associated with low levels of breast-feeding; the former might possibly reflect a positive link between women' capacity to breast-feed and their capacity to bear children.

Is the history of the modern world the history of Europe writ large? Or is it possible to situate the history of modernity as a world historical process apart from its origins in Western Europe? In this posthumous collection of essays, Marshall G. S. Hodgson challenges adherents of both Eurocentrism and multiculturalism to rethink the place of Europe in world history. He argues that the line that connects Ancient Greeks to the Renaissance to modern times is an optical illusion, and that a global and Asia-centred history can better locate the European experience in the shared histories of humanity. Hodgson then shifts the historical focus and in a parallel move seeks to locate the history of Islamic civilisation in a world historical framework. In so doing he concludes that there is but one history - global history - and that all partial or privileged accounts must necessarily be resituated in a world historical context. The book also includes an introduction by the editor, Edmund Burke, contextualising Hodgson's work in world history and Islamic history

Britain's relations with Europe in general and joining the euro in particular were recurring themes in domestic politics in 2001, but neither dominated the scene, 11 September notwithstanding. William Hague's attempt to make the euro the principal issue of the election campaign failed, while Labour simply made it a wait-and-see issue. The replacement of the pro-Europe Robin Cook with the more sceptical Jack Straw as Foreign Secretary hardly seemed propitious, and in the months since the election Tony Blair has addressed the question of Europe only fitfully. Europe did become an issue during the Conservative leadership election but, once elected, Iain Duncan Smith sought to play it down. The business community looked for a lead from the government, but none was forthcoming. However, there are signs that the balance is slowly shifting towards Britain joining the euro. (Parliamentary Affairs / FUB)

Title varies slightly. ; At head of title 189 :Strikes and lock-outs. Board of trade (Labour department) ; Mode of access: Internet.

Title varies slightly. ; At head of title 189 :Strikes and lock-outs. Board of trade (Labour department) ; Mode of access: Internet.

Documents signed at the Conference are accompanied by English translations. ; Mode of access: Internet.