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The book provides a systematic review of research results on regional economic competitiveness, and constructs an evaluation index system based on nine key aspects: the development of a micro-economy; industrial development; enterprise strength; the sciences; education; innovation; environment governance and protection; financial development; and the degree of opening to the outside world. The book subsequently provides policy suggestions on how to enhance the economic and social development of the West of China based on a comprehensive evaluation and analysis. In addition to comparing the recent social development of the provinces in the West, the book also calls upon the central government to play the leading role, encourage mass participation and promote the opening up of the West of China.

This study of the philosophy of war in early China examines the recurring debate, from antiquity through the Western Han period (202 BCE-8 CE), about how to achieve a proper balance between martial (wu) force and civil (wen) governance in the pursuit of a peaceful state. Rather than focusing solely on Sunzi's Art of War and other military treatises from the Warring States era (ca. 475-221 BCE), Christopher C. Rand analyzes the evolution of this debate by examining a broad corpus of early Han and pre-Han texts, including works uncovered in archeological excavations during recent decades. What emerges is a framework for understanding early China's military philosophy as an ongoing negotiation between three major alternatives: militarism, compartmentalism, and syncretism. The book offers a look into China's historical experience with a perennial issue that is not only of continuing relevance to modern-day China but also pertinent to other world states seeking to sustain strong and harmonious societies

Aus taiwanesischer Sicht

INTRODUCTION TO A DEC. 1977 PUBLICATION OF THE OFFICE OF POPULATION RESEARCH OF THE PEKING COLLEGE OF ECONOMICS NOTES ITS IMPORTANCE IN ADDING TO THE RELATIVE PAUCITY OF SOUND POPULATION DATA ON CHINA. THREE CHAPTERS HAVE BEEN TRANSLATED WHICH REPRESENT THE FIRST SIGNIFICANT DEMOGRAPHIC DISCLOSURE SINCE THE 1950'S. FAMILY PLANNING AS A PUBLIC POLICY IS DISCUSSED.

Rezension von: Zhongguo da zhanlue: lingdao shijie de lantu. / Ed. by Cai Jianwei. - Haikou : Hainan chubanshe, 1996. (Übers.: China's grand strategy: a blue print for world leadership)

This 2010 edition of OECD`s periodic review of China`s economy finds that China`s spectacular expansion has continued in recent years, making for impressive improvements in living standards. The slowdown associated with the global financial and economic crisis was contained by massive fiscal and monetary policy stimulus, which has boosted domestic demand. This survey includes chapters on recent achievements and prospects, monetary policy, financial reforms, product market regulation and competition, inequality, the labour market, old-age security and the health care system.

The destructive impact of big cities on the environment is stressed, examining both realistic & utopian approaches at its minimization. Frank Lloyd Wright's (1932) "Broadacre City" is cited as an example of the latter & efforts by Berlin, Melbourne, Australia, San Diego, CA, & Valencia, Spain, municipalities are mentioned as concrete attempts at minimizing urban centers' ecological footprint. After illustrating quantitatively the high environmental demands exerted by residents of London, England, & other larger cities of the US & China, the Chinese project of building the eco-city Dongtan on the island of Hongming, near Shanghai, is related. It is noted that battle against environmental destruction has been explicitly placed as an objective into the current five-year economic development plan in the People's Republic of China. Z. Dubiel

"An unprecedented trade war broke out between the world's two largest economies in 2018 and escalated subsequently. It is the first major economic conflict happened in the era of globalization, with its aftermath going far beyond trade. The trade war weighs heavily on China and the United States and threatens the world economy and the global trading system. This book provides a timely account of the US-China trade war with insights into its causes and consequences. Examining through the lenses of both history and theory, it analyses the context and causes of the trade war, the intertwined processes of tariff combat and trade negotiations, and the impacts on international trade, foreign direct investment, macroeconomic performance and firm behaviour. It also addresses the long-term strategic and geopolitical implications of the ongoing trade and economic confrontation. The book will appeal to those interested in international economics and politics, global governance and development."

"An unprecedented trade war broke out between the world's two largest economies in 2018 and escalated subsequently. It is the first major economic conflict happened in the era of globalization, with its aftermath going far beyond trade. The trade war weighs heavily on China and the United States and threatens the world economy and the global trading system. This book provides a timely account of the US-China trade war with insights into its causes and consequences. Examining through the lenses of both history and theory, it analyses the context and causes of the trade war, the intertwined processes of tariff combat and trade negotiations, and the impacts on international trade, foreign direct investment, macroeconomic performance and firm behaviour. It also addresses the long-term strategic and geopolitical implications of the ongoing trade and economic confrontation. The book will appeal to those interested in international economics and politics, global governance and development"--

Scribes were the writing specialists of the ancient world. The study of scribes in ancient China appears to be less developed than those in other ancient civilizations due to the scarcity of the evidence. A group of highly educated intellectuals dominated the transmitted textual tradition in ancient China, and they portrayed scribes as corrupt officials manipulating the laws and documents to their own benefit. This situation has changed dramatically in recent years because of the modern excavation of administrative and legal texts from the workplaces and tombs of scribes in mainland China. These excavated texts allow for the recovery of the scribes' world, which was previously overshadowed by that of intellectuals. This dissertation presents a social, institutional, and material history of scribes in early imperial China (221 BCE—220 CE). By utilizing both the transmitted and excavated texts, the author argues against the stereotypical descriptions of scribes in current scholarship. Specifically, he examines how scribes evolved from a caste of hereditary specialists to a type of imperial officials during the political and social transitions from the Zhou to the Qin and Han periods; how scribes actually carried out the many administrative tasks under the unified empire and the problems and difficulties they encountered during their official service; and, finally, how the materiality of writing surfaces in early imperial China influenced the administrative work and qualifications of scribes.

Although there is consensus that democracy has to be established in China, there are huge disagreements on what kind of democracy China should establish. Those disagreements can be divided into four major groups. New Leftists hold that the state should play the role of leadership and that the state capacity should be strengthened. They insist that the rule of the state should conform to the ideal of governance. However, the people are excluded from determining what the ideal of governance is. Also, the economic democracy they advocate would undermine the individual right to property, which would in turn impair people's private freedom. Liberals hold that the unlimited state intervention in the market economy is the source of social injustices. They advocate the development of free market economy and the establishment of liberal democracy. At the same time, they also reflect on the problems of liberal democracy. There are two major problems. The first is that people are politically apathetic, which causes the crisis of legitimacy. The other is that liberal democracy is unlikely to result in morally good political decisions. So, it is argued that China's democracy should meet the requirements of both legitimacy and justice. Confucian constitutionalism argues to restore Confucian values in the contemporary political reconstruction and thus advocates Confucian meritocracy with democracy only retained for instrumental reasons. It holds that only the politically competent and morally superior persons are eligible to participate in politics. However, there is no way to ensure that those selected through meritocracy are intellectually and morally superior. It is also hard to make Confucianism compatible with reasonable pluralism, causing the risk of undermining personal rights and freedom. The official opinion on democracy recognizes the necessity to develop democracy and stresses the Party's leadership in its development which it holds should be implemented in accordance with China's current political, economic and cultural conditions. ; published_or_final_version ; Philosophy ; Doctoral ; Doctor of Philosophy

Intro -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- PART I: THE DIFFERENCE A COUNTRY MAKES -- CHAPTER 1. "THEY TOOK MY HEART AWAY" -- CHAPTER 2. WHAT'S IN YOUR MEDICINE CABINET? -- CHAPTER 3. WASHINGTON WAKES UP -- PART II: PIVOT EAST: HOW IT HAPPENED -- CHAPTER 4. "THESE DRUGS CAN REACH ANYONE INCLUDING THE PRESIDENT" -- CHAPTER 5. THE VITAMIN C AND PENICILLIN CARTELS -- CHAPTER 6. THE CHINA TRAP -- CHAPTER 7. THE GREAT AMERICAN SELLOUT -- CHAPTER 8. TODAY'S GAIN, TOMORROW'S PAIN -- PART III: THE HIDDEN COST OF CHEAP DRUGS -- CHAPTER 9. ARE DRUGS FROM CHINA SAFE? -- CHAPTER 10. MADE IN CHINA, SUE IN AMERICA? GOOD LUCK -- CHAPTER 11. THE PERFECT CRIME -- CHAPTER 12. WHERE DOES THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE PROCURE HIS MEDICINE? -- CHAPTER 13. CHINA BASHING? TAKE A LOOK AT THIS -- PART IV: BRING IT HOME -- CHAPTER 14. A TEN-STEP PLAN TO BRING IT HOME -- APPENDIX: HOW TO FIND OUT WHERE YOUR MEDICINES ARE MADE -- EPILOGUE -- NOTES -- INDEX.

Relations with China assumed increasing importance within the framework of Latin American international relations in the last decades of the 20th century. In this paper, starting from the current international system, the changes that have taken place domestically at the Chinese economic level are considered, to then analyze the matter from the Latin American perspective, considering the role of the various actors in the region in its relations with China, to finally make a general assessment of the mutual relationship. These are characterized as normal, friendly and of growing political and economic content, although important gaps still exist in the social and cultural dimensions. We argue that from the Latin American perspective, the current Chinese situation favors closer relations, but highly favorable conditions are nevertheless affected by the limitations that still persist. ; Las relaciones con China asumen una creciente importancia en el marco de las relaciones internacionales latinoamericanas en las últimas décadas del siglo XX. En el presente trabajo, tomando como punto de partida el actual sistema internacional, se analizan los cambios operados a nivel interno en el plano económico chino, para luego abordar el tema desde la perspectiva latinoamericana, considerando el papel de los diversos actores de la región en las relaciones con China, para finalmente hacer una evaluación general de las relaciones mutuas. Estas son caracterizadas como normales, amistosas y de creciente contenido político y económico, aunque aún subsisten importantes vacíos en las dimensiones sociales y culturales. Sostenemos que desde la perspectiva latinoamericana, la actual situación china favorece el estrechamiento de las relaciones, pero las condiciones altamente favorables, sin embargo, se ven afectadas por las limitaciones que aún persisten.

The concept of international relations (IR) theory in the People's Republic of China differs drastically from that of the West. The construction of the IR discipline & theory, which began in response to the call of the CCP Central Committee leadership in the Cold War era, is a relatively new development in China, although there is universal agreement among scholars that ancient China has tangibly influenced present-day international attitudes toward China's leaders & its foreign policy. It is also evident that IR theory construction in China is, today, undergoing drastic reform. Many theorists are arguing for a distinct IR theory that conforms to "Chinese characteristics." Yet, because of China's historical lack of IR theory, it is still necessary for Chinese scholars to model their own theories after those of the West. As China's foreign policy matures & strengthens, China's IR scholars are less likely to look to the West for direction. 2 Tables. K. A. Larsen