Suchergebnisse

In this book Ariel Ezrachi and Maurice Stucke take a hard look at today's app-assisted digital shopping. While consumers reap many benefits from online purchasing, the sophisticated algorithms and data crunching that make browsing so convenient are also changing the nature of market competition, and not always for the better. Computers colluding is one danger. Although longstanding laws prevent companies from fixing prices, data-driven algorithms can now quickly monitor competitors' prices and adjust their own prices accordingly. So what is seemingly beneficial--increased price transparency--ironically can end up harming consumers. A second danger is behavioral discrimination. Here, companies track and profile consumers to get them to buy goods at the highest price they are willing to pay. The rise of superplatforms and their "frenemy" relationship with independent app developers raises a third danger. By controlling key platforms (such as the operating system of smart phones), data-driven monopolies dictate the flow of personal data and determine who gets to exploit potential buyers. The book raises timely questions. To what extent does the "invisible hand" still hold sway? In markets continually manipulated by bots and algorithms, is competitive pricing an illusion? Can our current laws protect consumers? The changing market reality is already shifting power into the hands of the few. Ezrachi and Stucke explore the resulting risks to competition, our democratic ideals, and our economic and overall well-being.--

This book surveys the history, current status, and critical issues regarding the various mechanisms designed to control sex offenders. It shows that the social problem of sex offending is not apparently resolvable by any of the means currently employed. A large array of procedures are used in the attempt to control the difficult population of sex offenders, including: imprisonment, institutional and community treatment, community monitoring by probation and parole, electronic monitoring, registration as a sex offender, community notification of an offender status, strict limits on behavioral movement in the community, and residence restrictions. However, these constraints on behavior are almost completely the result of public outrage regarding sensational sex crimes, overreaction of media coverage that produce inaccurate statements of potential community risk, and the efforts of the legal profession and politicians to quell this anger and foreboding by enacting legislation that supposedly confronts the risk. This book demonstrates that we have constructed a massive edifice of community control that is socially and politically driven and which has largely failed to contain sex crime. D. Richard Laws received his PhD from Southern Illinois University-Carbondale, USA, in 1969. He has held professional positions in California, Florida, and two Canadian provinces. He is a past president of the Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers. He has published eight books and numerous articles on research and treatment. Currently, he is an honorary professor at the University of Birmingham, UK.

In this book Ariel Ezrachi and Maurice Stucke take a hard look at today's app-assisted digital shopping. While consumers reap many benefits from online purchasing, the sophisticated algorithms and data crunching that make browsing so convenient are also changing the nature of market competition, and not always for the better. Computers colluding is one danger. Although longstanding laws prevent companies from fixing prices, data-driven algorithms can now quickly monitor competitors' prices and adjust their own prices accordingly. So what is seemingly beneficial--increased price transparency--ironically can end up harming consumers. A second danger is behavioral discrimination. Here, companies track and profile consumers to get them to buy goods at the highest price they are willing to pay. The rise of superplatforms and their "frenemy" relationship with independent app developers raises a third danger. By controlling key platforms (such as the operating system of smart phones), data-driven monopolies dictate the flow of personal data and determine who gets to exploit potential buyers. The book raises timely questions. To what extent does the "invisible hand" still hold sway? In markets continually manipulated by bots and algorithms, is competitive pricing an illusion? Can our current laws protect consumers? The changing market reality is already shifting power into the hands of the few. Ezrachi and Stucke explore the resulting risks to competition, our democratic ideals, and our economic and overall well-being.--

This Palgrave Pivot demonstrates that the inherited vocabularies of economics and other social sciences contain socially constructed words and theories that bias our very understanding of history and markets, bridging the empirical and moral dimensions of economics in general and inequality in particular. Wealth, GDP, hierarchies, and inequality are socially constructed words infused with moral overtones that academic philosophers and policy analysts have used to raise questions about "fairness" and "justice." This short intellectual and epistemological history explores and elaborates a limited number of key inequality-related terms, concepts, and mental images invented by centuries of economists and others. The author challenges us to question the assumptions made concerning presumably value-free concepts such as inequality, wealth, hierarchies, and the policy goals a nation can be pursuing. Robert E. Mitchell is a retired Foreign Service Officer and former Professor of urban and regional studies at Columbia University, the University of California, Berkeley, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, and Florida State University. He also directed two survey research centers, served as executive director of two state-level task forces, and headed a national task force on family policy. He served as a Behavioral Science Adviser for the Near East Bureau of the United States Agency for International Development, followed by long-term Foreign Service posts in Egypt, Yemen, and Guinea-Bissau.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of figures -- List of tables -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The ecological determination of behavioral strategies and cultural preferences -- 2.1 Rainfed agriculture and the advantages of solitary action -- 2.2 Irrigation farming and the advantages of cooperation -- 3 The cultural determination of physical nature -- 3.1 The emergence of cultural preferences -- 3.2 Cultural stickiness and its ambivalent effects on eco-cultural habitats -- 4 In a nutshell: the concept of eco-cultural coevolution -- 5 Rural and urban paths of environmental adaptation and their metabolic characteristics -- 5.1 Spatial correspondences between settlement patterns, dwelling technologies, mobility, and CO 2 emissions at the national level (Germany) -- 5.1.1 Allometry, scaling, and social metabolism -- 5.1.2 Settlement patterns and energy consumption in the GSOEP -- 5.1.3 Explaining spatial differences in the generation of CO2 emissions -- 5.1.4 Summary -- 5.2 Elective affinities between dwelling technologies, cultural preferences, and social metabolisms at the regional level (Bavaria) -- 5.2.1 Working hypotheses: bundles of settlement structures, mentalities, and modes of social reproduction -- 5.2.2 Operationalizing eco-cultural habitats and related social metabolisms -- 5.2.3 Detecting and visualizing spatial matches between value orientations, modes of social reproduction, and dwelling technologies -- 5.2.4 Summary -- 5.3 Self-similarities: intra-urban patterns of density and dispersion in Munich and Bolzano -- 5.3.1 Working hypotheses: patterns of rurality and urbanity can also be found within the city -- 5.3.2 Examining the relationship between socio-structural characteristics and energy consumption in urban agglomerations.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 Background and History -- Introduction -- Defining and Measuring Overweight and Obesity -- Indirect Measuring Methods -- Obesity Trends in the United States -- Obesity as a National Health Problem -- Why Are We Overweight? -- Factors That Contribute to Obesity -- Can We Blame Obesity on Our Genes? -- Consequences of Overweight and Obesity -- Discrimination -- Economic Consequences -- We Live in an Obesogenic Environment -- References -- 2 Problems, Controversies, and Solutions -- Introduction -- Is Obesity a Disease? -- Is Obesity an Epidemic? -- Treatment of Obesity -- Diet Foods -- Adequate Nutrition Labeling -- Physical Activity -- Behavioral Strategies for Responding to an Obesogenic Environment -- Long-Term Success -- Medications: Nonprescription -- Prescription Medications: History and Current Weight Loss Options -- Obesity (Bariatric) Surgery -- Other Invasive Treatments for Obesity -- How Does the Health Care System Deal with Obesity? -- Why Can't We Just Prevent Obesity? -- Obesity as a Public Health Issue -- Affordable Care Act and Labeling -- Industry -- Strategic Plan for NIH Obesity Research -- Summary -- References -- 3 Perspectives -- Obesities: Nikhil V. Dhurandhar -- References -- No More Obesity: Rajiv Narayan -- References -- Obesity Prevention: The Bathroom Scale Model-A Perspective on Weight Reduction, Weight Regain Prevention, and Obesity Prevention: Barbara Hansen -- References -- Pros and Cons of Dietary Supplements for Weight Management: Kelly Morrow -- Dietary Supplement Labeling -- What Are the Risks of Taking Supplements for Weight Management? -- How to Choose a Quality Supplement -- Where to Learn More about Supplements -- References -- Low-Calorie Sweeteners and Weight Management: Lyn O'Brien Nabors -- References.

"Detect and combat corporate fraud with new profiling techniquesProfiling the Fraudster: Removing the Mask to Prevent and Detect Fraud takes a step-by-step approach beyond the Fraud Triangle to identify characteristics in potential fraudsters, employees and new hires that will sound alarm bells before they get their hands on your organization's assets. The typical organization loses a staggering 5% of its annual revenue to fraud. Traditional fraud investigations focus on the breakdown of internal controls but what happens when the human beings forming a key component of that chain of control are inherently dishonest? This book shows you how to recognize the characteristics and behavioral patterns of potential fraudsters who are entrusted with safeguarding corporate assets. The book includes: An in-depth look at fraud investigation techniques and how these can be enhanced by using the characteristics of fraudulent behavior, A detailed look at profiling potential perpetrators of fraud, A detailed breakdown of how to compile a fraud profile, A discussion of a wide range of organizational fraud, including abuse of power, embezzlement, computer fraud, expense abuse, and more, Tables, illustrations, and diagrams to enhance the narrative If you're a corporate fraud investigator, auditor, forensic accountant, law enforcement professional, or anyone challenged with safeguarding your organizations assets--Profiling the Fraudster shows you how to remove the mask and prevent and detect fraud"--

1. Norms and values in the economic approach to law / Richard A. Posner -- 2. Flawed foundations : the philosophical critique of (a particular type of) economics / Martha C. Nussbaum -- 3. Norms and values in the study of law / Lawrence M. Friedman -- 4. The dominance of norms / Edward Rubin -- 5. From dismal to dominance? : law and economics and the values of imperial science, historically contemplated / Steven G. Medema -- 6. Beyond the law-and-economics approach : from dismal to democratic / Allan C. Hutchinson -- 7. Functional law and economics : the search for value-neutral principles of lawmaking / Jonathan Klick and Francesco Parisi -- 8. Law and economics : systems of social control, managed drift, and the dilemma of rent-seeking in a representative democracy / Nicholas Mercuro -- 9. Autonomy, welfare, and the Pareto principle / Daniel A. Farber -- 10. Any normative policy analysis not based on Kaldor-Hicks efficiency violates scholarly transparency norms / Gerrit De Geest -- 11. Law and economics, the moral limits of the market, and threshold deontology / Thomas S. Ulen -- 12. Moral externalities : an economic approach to the legal enforcement of morality / Aristides N. Hatzis -- 13. Engagement with economics : the new hybrids of family law/law and enonomics thinking / Brian H. Bix -- 14. The figure of the judge in law and economics / Elisabeth Kreckae -- 15. Behavioral law and economics : its origins, fatal flaws, and implications for liberty / Joshua D. Wright and Douglas H. Ginsburg.

Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Contributors -- About the Editors -- Chapter-1 -- Introduction: Making a Jewish Contribution to the Social Sciences: What Are Jewish Social Values and Why Do They Matter? -- Meaning of Jewish Social Values -- An Ethic of Engagement -- Universalism in Jewish Thought -- Making a Jewish Contribution -- Jewish Medical and Business Ethics -- The Current State of Jewish Social Values -- Summary of the Book -- Conclusion -- References -- Part I -- Education -- Chapter-2 -- Self-Regulation Among Students: Sharpening the Questions -- Introduction -- Overview of Chapter -- Student Learning and Development: Self-Regulation -- Research on Self-Regulation -- Belongingness is a Reason to Self-Regulate -- A Jewish Approach to Self-Regulation -- A Note on Jewish Sources -- Two Jewish Ways to Build Self-Regulation Capacity -- Some Examples of Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches Based on Jewish Ideas and Practices -- Social and Environmental Context -- Social Exclusion -- Self-Regulation and Future Orientation -- Applying These Approaches to Nonreligious Youth -- Implications for Educational Change -- The Childhood Roots of Adult Quality of Life -- Self-Regulation and Whole School Reform -- Students' Self-Regulation and Adults Who Care About Them -- Seeking Adult Guidance -- Disrupting Students' Unconscious Internal Responses -- Future Orientation -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3 -- Introduction -- Introducing the Interventions -- Brief Summary of the Relevant Literature -- Background Research Information for the Four-Part Curricular Intervention -- Descriptive, Explanatory, Peer Strategies and Strengths Information -- Descriptive Information -- Explanatory Information -- Peer Strategies Information -- Strengths Information -- Inclusion Considerations -- Curricular Intervention.

Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Preface -- About the Author -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Chapter 1: Substance Abuse and SUD: History and Definition -- Defining Substance Abuse and Addiction -- Defining Substance Abuse for the Purposes of This Book -- Chapter 2: Etiological Models of SUD -- Moral Models -- Medical Models -- Psychodynamic Model -- Biopsychosocial Model -- Chapter 3: Commonly Abused Substances -- Sedative-Hypnotics/Depressants -- Cannabinoids -- Opioids -- Stimulants -- Hallucinogens -- Inhalants -- Synthetic Drugs -- Chapter 4: Family Theory -- Theories of Family Therapy -- Characteristics of Families Affected by SUD -- Roles Within Families Affected by SUD -- Chapter 5: Developmental Theory -- Erik Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development -- Chapter 6: Codependency -- Introduction to Codependency -- Defining Codependency -- Cermak's (1986) Proposed Diagnostic Criteria for Co-Dependent Personality Disorder -- Chapter 7: Emotional Consequences of Living With a Person With an SUD -- Psychiatric Disorders -- Other Emotional Consequences of Living With a Substance Abuser -- Chapter 8: Relational Consequences of Living With a Person With an SUD -- Inability for Healthy Bonding -- Boundary Issues -- Lack of Assertiveness -- Attraction to Narcissism -- Inability to Create or Maintain an Authentic Self -- Chapter 9: Behavioral Consequences of Living With a Person With an SUD -- Issues With Self-Regulation/Acting Out -- Substance Use/Abuse -- Resources to Support People Living With an Individual With an SUD -- Chapter 10: Multicultural Considerations -- Socioeconomic Diversity -- Race and Ethnicity -- Sexual Orientation -- Chapter 11: Treating Clients Living With a Person With an SUD -- Applying Theory to Working With Families of Individuals With an SUD.

2.2 Development of interactional competence -- 2.3 Collaborative talk -- 3. The study -- 4. Methods -- 4.1 Participants -- 4.2 Creation of experimental dialogue -- 4.3 Instrument -- 4.4 Procedure -- 4.5 Coding and analysis -- 5. Results -- 6. Discussion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Appendix: Scenarios -- Using eye-tracking to examine the reading of texts containing taboo words -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Eye-tracking methodology -- 1.2 Cognition and taboo words -- 1.3 Empirical research on (im)politeness -- 2. Current study -- 2.1 Participants -- 2.2 Materials -- 2.3 Procedure -- 3. Results and discussion -- 4. General discussion, conclusions and suggestions for future research -- References -- Appendix A: Three further examples of stimuli materials -- Appendix B: Full list of taboo and non-taboo exclamations used in the study -- Impoliteness electrified -- 1. Impoliteness processing: Theoretical debates -- 1.1 Respectful address in Mandarin Chinese -- 1.2 (Im)politeness theories in debate -- 2. Offline behavioral evidence on politeness processing and impoliteness processing -- 3. Neuro-cognitive evidence on honorific processing -- 4. Electrophysiological studies on processing disrespectful reference in Mandarin -- 4.1 Overview of study design -- 4.2 Hypothesis of ERP responses -- 4.3 Materials generation -- 4.4 Experimental procedure -- 4.5 EEG recording, analysis and brain potentials of interest -- 4.6 Eliciting disrespectfulness in referential expression using a simple scenario? -- 4.7 Dealing with the violation of respectful constraints: A syntactic or semantic/pragmatic mechanism? -- 4.8 Inter-individual differences in perceiving disrespectful reference? -- 4.8.1 Gender effects -- 4.8.2 Impact of the interpersonal reactive ability (fantasizing ability) -- Acknowledgement -- References.

This book is dedicated to applied gamification in the areas of education and business, while also covering pitfalls to avoid and guidelines needed to successfully implement for a project. Using different theoretical backgrounds from various areas including behavioral economics, game theory, and complex adaptive systems, the contributors aim to help readers avoid common problems and difficulties that they could face with poor implementation. The book's contributors are scholars and academics from the many areas where the key theory of gamification typically comes from. Ultimately, the book's goal is to help bring together the theories from these different disciplines to the field of practice in education and business. The book is divided into four parts: Theory, Education, Business, and Use Cases. Part I provides a foundation on the theory of gamification and offers insight into some of the outstanding questions that have yet to be addressed. In Part II, the application and value that gamification can bring within the education sector is examined. The book then changes focus in Part III to spotlight the use of gamification within business environments. The topics also cover educational aspects like improved learning outcomes, motivation, and learning retention at the workplace. Finally Part IV concentrates on the applications and use of gamification through a series of case studies and key elements that are used in real situations to drive real results

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Part I: Introduction to Public Health -- Chapter 1: What Is Public Health? -- History of Public Health -- The Role of Public Health Today -- Chapter 2: Education in Public Health -- Bachelor's Degrees in Public Health -- Master's Degrees in Public Health -- Doctorates in Public Health -- Combined Degree Programs -- Other Master's Degrees -- Engineering Degrees -- Certifications and Other Training -- Finding a School of Public Health -- Chapter 3: Finding Jobs in Public Health -- Traditional Pathways -- Getting in the Back Door -- Combining Public Health With Another Career -- Professional Associations -- Federal Government Agencies -- State and Local Agencies -- Share 101+ Careers in Public Health, Second Edition -- Part II: Public Health Careers -- Chapter 4: Infectious Disease -- Epidemiologist -- Medical Officer -- Public Health Nurse -- Public Health Veterinarian -- Public Health Advisor -- Vaccine Researcher -- Disease Ecologist -- Infection Preventionist -- Chapter 5: Chronic Disease and Cancer -- Health Educator -- Health Promotion Program Coordinator -- Medical Epidemiologist/Chronic Disease -- Public Health Dentist -- Tobacco Quitline Coach -- Behavioral Scientist -- Study Coordinator -- Chapter 6: Public Safety -- Injury Prevention Specialist -- Director of Emergency Medical Services -- Specialist in Poison Information -- Forensic Pathologist -- Chapter 7: Maternal and Child Health -- Administrator, Family Health Services -- Home Visit Nurse -- Community Health Worker -- WIC Nutritionist -- Chapter 8: Aging -- "Age-in-Place" Program Coordinator -- Dementia Services Coordinator -- Researcher in Aging and Public Health -- Director, Area Agency on Aging -- Chapter 9: Pharmaceuticals and Drug Safety -- Pharmacist -- Medical Officer/Drug Evaluation and Safety.

For effective program evaluation, it is necessary to specify a counterfactual state, i.e., what would have happened without the program. Conventional approaches to program evaluation, preoccupied with technical and value issues, fail to address directly the need for counterfactual arguments. They also fail to recognize the indispensable role of positive theories of technical and behavioral processes in making these arguments. In order to understand the impact of the General Revenue Sharing (GRS) program on the fiscal behavior of municipal governments, Patrick Larkey develops and demonstrates an unconventional approach to program evaluation that overcomes these failures.Drawing on the positive theories of budgetary decisionmaking processes as well as longitudinal revenue and expenditure data from primary sources, the author specifies, estimates, and tests four "bureaucratic process" models for each of five city governments receiving GRS funds. Using these models to generate complex, counterfactual hypotheses, he then compares the counterfactual patterns with observed patterns to understand the fiscal effects of GRS.Originally published in 1979.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These paperback editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905

Should governments save people from themselves? Do governments have the right to influence citizens' behavior related to smoking tobacco, eating too much, not saving enough, drinking alcohol, or taking marijuana-or does this create a nanny state, leading to infantilization, demotivation, and breaches in individual autonomy? Looking at examples from both sides of the Atlantic and around the world, Government Paternalism examines the justifications for, and the prevalence of, government involvement and considers when intervention might or might not be acceptable. Building on developments in philosophy, behavioral economics, and psychology, Julian Le Grand and Bill New explore the roles, boundaries, and responsibilities of the government and its citizens. Le Grand and New investigate specific policy areas, including smoking, saving for pensions, and assisted suicide. They discuss legal restrictions on risky behavior, taxation of harmful activities, and subsidies for beneficial activities. And they pay particular attention to "nudge" or libertarian paternalist proposals that try to change the context in which individuals make decisions so that they make the right ones. Le Grand and New argue that individuals often display "reasoning failure": an inability to achieve the ends that they set themselves. Such instances are ideal for paternalistic interventions-for though such interventions might impinge on autonomy, the impact can be outweighed by an improvement in well-being. Government Paternalism rigorously considers whether the state should guide citizen decision making in positive ways and if so, how this should be achieved.