Suchergebnisse

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to outline the green consumer's profile in Greece, during a period in which the country faces economic difficulties because of crisis. A further investigation of the respondents' attitude toward environment is attempted. Finally, the role of several socio-demographic characteristics is analyzed, along with the environmental principles in green consuming behavior.


Design/methodology/approach
Primary data were collected through door-to-door interviews of 250 residents in the metropolitan area of Athens by using a structured questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0 and qualitative analysis through NVivo 11.


Findings
The present study confirms that although consumers became more price sensitive after crisis, they maintain their environmental values. High environmental principles lead to green purchases and several socio-demographic characteristics are closely related to green consumption.


Research limitations/implications
The sample strictly originated in the metropolitan area of Athens. Several variables as a measure of behavioral intention might be questionable. The empirical findings could have significant implications in green government policies and in relevant campaigns


Originality/value
The study provides important evidence toward consumers' participation in certain green habits and also confirms that the environmental values, along with several socio- characteristics, are a consistent predictor of the green consuming attitude. The above findings could contribute to the redefinition of green campaigns and policies, to improve the penetration of green products in the markets.

ObjectiveTo identify different kin and fictive kin network support profiles available to children in foster care and examine whether these profiles predict behavioral outcomes.BackgroundFor kids in foster care, individual‐level strengths have been shown to buffer the impact of maltreatment on negative outcomes. However, little is known about the possible benefit of kin and fictive kin networks on outcomes (e.g., internalizing symptoms and externalizing behaviors).MethodThis longitudinal study measured the involvement of 221 foster care children's (6–14 years of age) kin and fictive kin networks (e.g., visits, childcare, homework help, transportation). Strengths (e.g., coping, talents), maltreatment, internalizing symptoms, and externalizing behaviors were measured using the Child and Adolescent Needs and Strengths dataset.ResultsUsing latent profile analysis, two kinship involvement profiles emerged: A low‐involvement profile (75.5%) and a high‐involvement profile (23.5%). The high‐involvement profile was negatively associated with internalizing symptoms trajectories but not externalizing behavior trajectories. However, this effect was moderated by child‐level strengths: Children with more strengths and in the high‐involvement profile had the best internalizing symptoms outcomes. Finally, membership in the high‐involvement profile buffered the negative impact of maltreatment on internalizing symptoms trajectories.ConclusionThe presence of both child strengths and kin and fictive kin involvement is associated with better outcomes.ImplicationsThese results support efforts to promote policies and practices designed to engage kin and fictive kin networks, which is not currently a priority in child welfare.

ABSTRACTConsumers and companies are increasingly concerned about fake reviews posted online. To make appropriate managerial decisions about online reviews, it is crucial to understand what drives consumer trust in online reviews. Research examining the linkage between online reviews and trust is sporadic and lacks a comprehensive framework. To address this gap, this research investigates the individual and joint impact of three review attributes—valence, rationality, and source—on the benevolence, ability, and integrity dimensions of trustworthiness of the reviewer, which further determines trust in online reviews. Using behavioral experiments, the study finds that positive reviews, factual reviews, and reviews appearing on social networks lead to perceptions of greater benevolence, ability, and integrity than negative reviews, emotional reviews, and reviews appearing on retailer sites, respectively. In addition, review rationality and review source moderate the link between review valence and the dimensions of reviewer trustworthiness: the effect of valence is stronger for emotional reviews than for factual reviews and for retailer sites than for social networks. Furthermore, the study analyzes data from the United States and China to examine generalizability and cultural nuances of the proposed relationships. This study provides important insights into consumer trust in online reviews and offers guidelines for decision making in communication strategy, system design, and operations by manufacturers, retailers, service providers, and online platforms to more effectively manage online reviews.

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the influence of five environment-related factors on green restaurant patronage intention (IN) among restaurant patrons in Malaysiaxd.


Design/methodology/approach
The unit of analysis was individual restaurant patrons who dined at casual dining restaurants when the survey was conducted. Among the 600 questionnaires distributed, a total of 500 were deemed usable and sufficient for data analysis. Descriptive, reliability, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to analyze the data.


Findings
Respondents were concerned about the welfare and interests of others and demonstrated a positive attitude toward the environment and green purchasing. However, these three factors do not influence IN. Conversely, specific attitudes toward green restaurant practices and green purchase behavior determine such intention. This shows that a specific attitude measure serves as a better and closer predictor to predict a specific behavioral intention in a green restaurant setting, as compared to the general attitude measures. The results also indicated that green buyers who were engaged in purchasing green products will continue to dine at green restaurants in the future.


Practical implications
The finding provides an insight to the restaurant operators to access the feasibility of entering in the green market.


Originality/value
Although the predictive power of physiological factors such as environmental values, attitudes and behavior on the pro-environment-related behavior has been researched extensively in the past, very limited studies had investigated those factors simultaneously in the context of IN.

PurposeThis paper aims to assess predictive and convergent validity of a trait measure of conflict handling styles (DUTCH) with two alternative methods of measuring such styles: a vignette measure of behavioral choices (CB-Pref) and behavior in a role-played conflict. In addition, this paper investigates self-enhancement in responses to the two self-report measures.Design/methodology/approachIn Studies 1 (N= 117), 2 (N= 116) and 4 (N= 68), participants completed the DUTCH and CB-Pref. In Study 3 (N= 56 dyads), participants completed the DUTCH and a role-played conflict. In Study 4, participants also responded to the measures as either a typical person or an ideal person would.FindingsThe DUTCH predicted four of five styles individuals chose across nine vignettes of the CB-Pref. In Study 4, the DUTCH predicted three of the five. In Study 3, only the DUTCH's forcing style predicted actual behavior. In Study 4, participants rated themselves as more constructive and less destructive than typical, but less constructive than ideal. Participants in general were somewhat self-enhancing on both self-report measures, but individual differences in social desirability were generally unrelated to self-report responses.Originality/valueThis work takes a multi-method approach to assessing the validity of a self-report conflict style measure, allowing for the assessment of the measure's predictive and convergent validity when predicting self-reported style tendencies to style selected in vignettes and behavior in a role-played conflict.

Purpose: This study examined the relationships among intermediary determinants, structural determinants, and adult smoking status and quit attempts. Design: Secondary data analysis of cross-sectional data. Setting: Data come from the 2015 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), Social Context module. A national, representative sample from 12 US states (Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Georgia, Louisiana, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Rhode Island, Tennessee, and Utah). Participants: A total of 64 053 noninstitutionalized US adults aged ≥18 years. Measures: Smoking status and quit attempts were outcome variables. Individual-level structural determinants (age, sex, race/ethnicity, marital status, education, and employment status) and intermediary determinants (housing insecurity, food insecurity, health insurance, binge drinking, and general health mental health) from BRFSS. Analysis: Weighted multivariate, multinomial logistic regression. Results: Current smoking was greater among men, respondents aged between 35 to 64 and 55 to 64, adults who reported food insecurity, housing insecurity, frequent mental distress, binge drinking, and who were unemployed. Current smokers had higher odds of making quit attempts in the past 12 months if they were non-Hispanic Black, graduated college, and reported food and housing insecurity. Conclusion: Multifaceted smoking cessation interventions that address food and housing needs also incorporate screening for potential comorbidities such as mental distress and/or hazardous alcohol use and may be needed to enhance smoking cessation rates among racially diverse adults.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the mediating role of organizational commitment (OC) on the relationship between human resource management (HRM) practices and employee engagement among banking employees in the context of an emerging economy namely Bangladesh.Design/methodology/approachThe survey data include 383 employees from 30 private commercial banks in Bangladesh. For analyzing the data, structural equation modeling is employed with the bootstrapping method.FindingsThis study finds that HRM practices such as career advancement, employee participation, job security, performance feedback, rewards and recognition, training and development are the significant predictors of employee engagement. Results also identify OC as a partial mediator on HRM practices and employee engagement relationship which suggest that direct relationship of predictors and criterion variables are stronger than indirect association. More interestingly, findings indicate that the mechanism of black-box stage is not always work on the relationship between HRM practices and employee performance.Originality/valueExploring the role of OC on the relationship between HRM practices and employees' behavioral outcome, i.e. employee engagement, is appeared as an initial effort in the academic literature. Furthermore, empirical research that examines the association of different organizational factors with employee engagement through OC is rarely been investigated. Thus, the findings of this study act as a strategic tool for the bank managers to design their organizational policies in such a way that fosters their employee' level of engagement.

In general, termite foraging can be affected by physical and chemical factors linked to food. This study investigated if the wood length of Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden, as a food resource, influences the behavior of foraging events of Nasutitermes corniger (Motschulsky). Nests with mature and active colonies were collected in the field and transferred to glass cubes connected to a test arena under laboratory conditions. Wooden blocks of E. grandis, with a 2.5 x 2.0 cm rectangular cross section, were offered to termites in three different lengths: 5, 10 and 15 cm. Each test was repeated with 20 nests and lasted 60 minutes, when the following behavioral events and their duration were observed: initial exploration, initial recruitment and mass recruitment. At the end of each test, the quantities of termites (total, workers and soldiers) and gnawing workers were determined. The results show that longer blocks favored a higher occurrence of exploration and initial recruitment. However, the highest mass recruitment occurred with the 10 cm blocks. The length of the wood influenced the total number of termites recruited and gnawing workers; both were highest for the 10 cm blocks. There was no significant difference in relation to exploration time of the blocks and number of workers and soldiers recruited. Therefore, we conclude that wood length is a factor that can affect N. corniger foraging.

AbstractThe study of brain functional connectivity is crucial to understanding the neural mechanisms underlying the improved behavioral performance and amplified ERP responses observed during infant sustained attention. Previous investigations on the development of functional brain connectivity during infancy are primarily confined to the use of functional and structural MRI techniques. The current study examined the relation between infant sustained attention and brain functional connectivity and their development during infancy with high‐density EEG recordings. Fifty‐nine infants were tested at 6 (N = 15), 8 (N =14), 10 (N = 17), and 12 (N = 13) months. Infant sustained attention was defined by measuring infant heart rate changes during infants' looking. Functional connectivity was estimated from the electrodes on the scalp and with reconstructed cortical source activities in brain regions. It was found that infant sustained attention was accompanied by attenuated functional connectivity in the dorsal attention and default mode networks in the alpha band. Graph theory analyses showed that there was an increase in path length and a decrease in clustering coefficient during infant sustained attention. The functional connectivity within the visual, somatosensory, dorsal attention, and ventral attention networks and graph theory measures of path length and clustering coefficient were found to increase with age. These findings suggest that infant sustained attention is accompanied by distinct patterns of brain functional connectivity. The current findings also suggest the rapid development of functional connectivity in brain networks during infancy.

Why is it so hard to get opposing elites to work together rather than to seek partisan gains and/or political survival? While the credible commitment problem is widely known, there are a number of lesser known obstacles to building trust and trustworthiness between opposing elites. This article presents an account of how some of those obstacles interact through time. Common institutional types, particularly winner-takes-all and power-sharing institutions, force trade-offs between agile responses in the short term and medium-term trust between elites, on the one hand, and between trust among elites in the medium term and the adaptability of agreements in the long term, on the other. We call this the 'time horizon trilemma'. As an alternative approach, we consider a variant on the two-person consulate used by the Roman Republic for more than 400 years as Rome rose to prominence. In our variant, a 'turn-taking institution', opposing executives take short alternating turns as the ultimate decisionmaker within one term. We conduct behavioral games in the experimental lab to provide an initial estimate of the impact of these institutional types – winner-takes-all, requiring consensus only, requiring turn-taking only, or requiring both – on overcoming obstacles to agile responses in the short term, trust among elites in the medium term, and adaptability of agreements in the long term. We find that turn-taking is a promising alternative to solving the time horizon trilemma.

Background: The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) project presents innovative ways of investigating mental illness based on behavioral and neurobiological measures of dimensional processes. Although cultural psychiatrists have critiqued RDoC's implications and limitations for its under-developed focus on context and experience, RDoC presents opportunities for synergies with global mental health. It can capture aspects of clinical or sub-clinical behavior which are less dependent upon Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5) and perhaps better elucidate the role of culture in disease expression and resilience. Aim/Results: This article uses the example of migration to describe several starting points for new research: (1) providing components for building an investigable conceptual framework to understand individual's mental health, resilience and adjustment to migration challenges or social adversities in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and (2) identifying measurable factors which determine resilience or vulnerability, to guide development and evaluation of targeted prevention, treatment and recovery strategies for mental health in LMICs. Conclusion: In such ways, RDoC frameworks could help put the new cutting edge neurobiological dimensional scientific advances in a position to contribute to addressing mental health problems amid social adversities in LMICs. However, this would require a much-expanded commitment by both RDoC and global mental health researchers to address contextual and experiential dimensions.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to, first, explore the role of interpersonal relationships between buying and supplying firms in the management of supply chain disruptions (SCDs). Interpersonal connections are proposed as "social lubricants" that can advance the knowledge about conventional interorganizational antecedents of firm resilience. Differentiating between high- and low-complexity manufacturing industries, the study then looks into how managers from these industry clusters can leverage the efficacy of these relationships through the appropriate use of interorganizational governance mechanisms.Design/methodology/approachStructural equation modeling is conducted with data collected from 229 manufacturing firms in Austria, Germany and Switzerland. Industry clusters are formed via a Q-sort exercise.FindingsResults support the assumption of a socially embedded, interpersonal dimension in buyer-supplier relationships that impact organizational-level resilience. It is suggested that investments in interpersonal skills and interpersonal complementarity are significant antecedents of both relational and re-deployable firm resilience. Surprisingly, no support was found for a positive impact of interpersonal information sharing on firm resilience, challenging findings from previous studies on an interorganizational level. Interorganizational governance and industry affiliation each have moderating effects on the performance of the resilience efficacy of interpersonal relationship antecedents, suggesting the existence of an important managerial lever.Originality/valueIntegrating the supply chain and behavioral science literature, this study is the first to investigate the interplay of interpersonal and organizational antecedents and their efficacy in the management of SCDs.

An emerging consensus holds that achieving successful counter-movement outcomes requires combining overt repression (e.g. raids, arrests, and targeted assassination) with covert repression (e.g. monitoring, agents provocateurs, and wiretapping). Research in this article disputes the presumed complementarity between overt and covert repressive tactics. When overt repression signals new information about the state's covert intelligence collection program, challengers respond in ways that frustrate efforts to accumulate new intelligence. These propositions are investigated using original, weekly panel data on a black nationalist insurgent organization, the Republic of New Africa (RNA), and US Red Squad counter-movement activities directed against this group (between 1968 and 1971). Using archived materials generated by various policing agencies and their rivals in the RNA, the analyses provide new understanding of dynamics rarely observed or analyzed systematically. Findings reveal that the two methods of political repression can work at cross purposes. Overt repression motivates challenger adaption towards less readily observable tactics and organizational forms; covert repression subsequently fails to identify challengers' actions or identities. These findings hold even while controlling for challenger mobilization and government investment in covert repression. In addition to advancing our understanding of what happens to behavioral challengers when governments repress, the results help to shed light on some of the factors that make defeating domestic challengers so difficult. Each 'step forward' taken by counter-movement forces potentially makes the next one more difficult.

An organizational integrity system consists of the range of institutions, policies, actors, and practices that are meant to promote the integrity of an organization. These include compliance-based mechanisms, values-based mechanisms, and the informal day-to-day practices that contribute to its ethical climate. Crucially, the way in which these various elements of the system interact can have the effect of either mitigating or exacerbating an organization's vulnerability to integrity violations. This research draws on insights from the field of behavioral ethics to highlight the manner in which a systems approach can aid in assessing and managing the factors that contribute to organizational integrity risks. Along these lines, the integrity system of the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) is analyzed, with particular emphasis on a case study of the events surrounding the so-called 2014 waitlist scandal. On one hand, the VA has an elaborate integrity system consisting of conceptually well-designed compliance and values-based mechanisms, especially with respect to its award-winning IntegratedEthics program. On the other hand, certain policies and practices within the VA, as well as a number of external pressures outside its control, had the effect of undermining these formal elements of the system. Consequently, the case of the 2014 VA waitlist scandal appears to have been a perfect storm of integrity risk factors that illustrates the importance of taking a systems approach to managing organizational integrity risks.

Objective:University study is often accompanied by a decline in physical activity (PA) levels but can offer the opportunity to promote a lifelong active lifestyle. This review aims to summarize controlled trials of interventions promoting PA among university students, describing the quality of the evidence, effective strategies, and deficiencies in the interventions employed, to provide directions for future research and for practical implementations.Data Source:PubMed, PsychINFO, Cochrane Library, Education Source, and SPORTDiscus.Study Inclusion Criteria:Randomized or nonrandomized controlled trial, describing an intervention to promote PA in university students, where PA was one of the outcomes and results were published in English.Data Extraction:Country, study design, participants' inclusion criteria, participation rate and characteristics, randomization, blinding, theoretical framework, intervention characteristics, participant retention rate and withdrawal reasons, measures employed, data analysis, PA results, and findings regarding PA correlates.Data Synthesis:Data were synthetized considering study characteristics, strategies used, and outcomes.Results:Two thousand five hundred eighty-five articles were identified. Twenty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Sixteen studies reported an increase in PA levels.Conclusion:Physical Activity promotion interventions should address a range of behavioral determinants. Personalized approaches and PA sessions should be considered in future studies. The high risk of bias of many studies (mainly due to attrition and poor reporting) and missing information about intervention components limit the strength of conclusions about the most effective strategies and the evidence of effectiveness, highlighting the need for further high-quality studies.