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ABSTRACT* * *This article examines the interactive process leading to criminal violence. Official data from 159 incidents of homicide and assault that were not committed in conjunction with other crimes and that resulted in incarceration were examined with respect to the actions of offenders, victims, and third parties. These incidents tended to follow systematic patterns. They began with identity attacks, followed by attempts and failures to influence the antagonist. Threats were made and finally the verbal conflict ended in physical attack. It appears that retaliation is a key principle in the escalation of these incidents in that aggressive actions by the victim were associated with aggressive actions by the offender and the likelihood that the victim would be killed. The importance of situational identities for retaliating was suggested bg the moderately strong relationship observed between identity attack and counterattack. Retaliation also occurred for strategic reasons, in that offenders were more likely to kill aggressive victims when those victims used weapons.

There are many variables of territoriality available to national courts under contemporary international law. Does the same apply to the International Criminal Court? And if so, what are the limits to the teleological expansion of the Court's territorial jurisdiction as regards, for example, partial commission of a crime in State not Party territory, crimes committed over the internet or crimes committed in occupied territories? Michael Vagias's analysis of the law and procedure surrounding the territorial jurisdiction of the Court examines issues such as the application of localisation theories of territoriality and the means of interpretation for article 12(2)(a); the principle of legality (nullum crimen sine lege) and human rights law for the interpretation of jurisdictional provisions; compétence de la compétence; crimes committed over the internet; and the procedure for jurisdictional objections

This Pocket Guide fills a critical gap in the literature by providing state-of-the-art techniques for researchers, graduate students, and agency administrators. Research in criminal justice settings represents unique challenges that require rigorous designs and a suite of methods, as well as the tools to navigate a complex system. With this accessible and practical guide, readers will encounter a wide range of study types and data sources, along with strengths and weaknesses to consider with each as they conceptualize, implement, and analyze their research.

Report of the Texas State Auditor's Office related to providing legislatively mandated assistance to the Criminal Justice Policy Council (Council) in their completion of a review of the accuracy of the data within the Criminal Justice Information System (CJIS).

What types of countries have ratified the Rome Statute establishing the International Criminal Court? Because the court relies on state cooperation, it is a good example of a regime facing a "participation problem." In order to be effective, the regime requires active members, but states that fear regime effectiveness will therefore find it potentially costly to join. We analyze the extent to which this problem plagues the ICC. We find that countries for whom compliance is likely to be easiest-democracies with little internal violence-are the most likely countries to join the ICC. On the other hand, countries with the most to fear from ICC prosecution, nondemocracies with weak legal systems and a history of domestic political violence, tend to avoid ratification. We contrast our findings with those of a recent article by Simmons and Danner (2010), arguing that ratification patterns show evidence of credible commitments. Our analysis across a breadth of evidence, both descriptive and multivariate, suggests caution toward arguments about the impact of the ICC on global practices and provides support for the notion that states strategically select themselves into supranational judicial agreements. Adapted from the source document.

Preserving confidence in our securities market is of great importance, because few Amer's are not affected by its rise & fall. In recent yrs, persons with criminal records have attempted by various guises to infiltrate the securities market, posing major problems for gov'al regulatory agencies in the securities field. NY State has attempted by statute to eliminate persons with felony convictions from engaging in the securities business. Another problem in NY was highpressure `boiler room' operations. A NY statute now requires registration of securities salesmen, in an effort to alleviate that problem. The gangster element has found it increasingly difficult to conduct business in NY under these enactments. There is a tremendous need for nat'l & internat'l cooperation in securities regulation. The North Amer Securities Administrators, operative in the US, Canada, & Mexico, aims at promoting cooperative gov'al efforts in the field. No similar internat'l group exists. Assistance from the public itself, by way of complaints to regulatory agencies, is essential for timely enforcement of existing statutes. Through cooperation among supervising agencies & assistance from an alert, & educated public, the problem of criminal activity in the securities business can be solved. AAAPSS.

The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) was the first and most celebrated of a wave of international criminal tribunals (ICTs) built in the 1990s designed to advance liberalism through international criminal law. Model(ing) Justice examines the case law of the ICTY to make a novel theoretical analysis of the structural flaws inherent in ICTs as institutions that inhibit their contribution to social peace and prosperity. The book proposes a seminal analysis of the structural challenges to ICTs as socially constitutive institutions, setting the agenda for future considerations of how international organizations can perform and disseminate the goals articulated by political liberalism.

Este trabajo consiste en un análisis político-criminal de la reforma que hacia fines de 2016 efectuó la ley 27.304 al art. 41 ter del Código Penal, en cuanto implicó extender la aplicación de la figura del arrepentido a los delitos cometidos en casos de corrupción. Se trata de un abordaje que se centrará en el estudio de los componentes políticos de la reforma por sobre los estrictamente jurídicos. De ese modo, se efectuará una primera aproximación a la corrupción y al contenido de la modificación legislativa para finalmente y como eje de la propuesta, analizar los contenidos político-criminales de la ley y de la figura del arrepentido tal cual está redactada en la actualidad.

The issue of penal politization has been cited by Dionysios Spinellis in his presentation concerning Top hat Crimes in Penal Law Summit XV of 1994. Application of penal law in the so-called malpublic administration', refers to the three main issues in penal law. First, forms of ‗malpublic administration actswhich have been formulated as criminal act (criminalization process). Second, legal subjects that are liable for malpublic administration'. Third, kinds and forms of sanctions applicable to the ‗malpublic administration' deeds (penalization process). Camus acknowledged justification of penalization to offender, but this penalization should not eliminate hir or her human power in obtaining new values and new adaptation

A lively, up-to-date overview of the newest research in biosocial criminology. What is the relationship between criminality and biology? Nineteenth-century phrenologists insisted that criminality was innate, inherent in the offender's brain matter. While they were eventually repudiated as pseudo-scientists, today the pendulum has swung back. Both criminologists and biologists have begun to speak of a tantalizing but disturbing possibility: that criminality may be inherited as a set of genetic deficits that place one at risk to commit theft, violence, or acts of sexual deviance. But what do these new theories really assert? Are they as dangerous as their forerunners, which the Nazis and other eugenicists used to sterilize, incarcerate, and even execute thousands of supposed "born" criminals? How can we prepare for a future in which leaders may propose crime-control programs based on biology? In this second edition of The Criminal Brain, Nicole Rafter, Chad Posick, and Michael Rocque describe early biological theories of crime and provide a lively, up-to-date overview of the newest research in biosocial criminology. New chapters introduce the theories of the latter part of the 20th century; apply and critically assess current biosocial and evolutionary theories, the developments in neuro-imaging, and recent progressions in fields such as epigenetics; and finally, provide a vision for the future of criminology and crime policy from a biosocial perspective. The book is a careful, critical examination of each research approach and conclusion. Both compiling and analyzing the body of scholarship devoted to understanding the criminal brain, this volume serves as a condensed, accessible, and contemporary exploration of biological theories of crime and their everyday relevance. -- Provided by publisher.

In Punishment and Citizenship, Milena Tripkovic develops a normative theory of restrictions to electoral rights of criminal offenders. Arguing that disenfranchisement is not punishment but a citizenship sanction, she examines what duties criminals owe to their polities.