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Die Studie wurde von einem interdisziplinärzusammengesetzten Evaluationsteam aus Politologenund Ökonomen während des Zeitraums 1997bis 2001 angefertigt. Sie richtet sich nach folgendenevaluationstheoretischen Ansätzen: ZielorientierterAnsatz, formative und summative Evaluation sowieImpact-Analyse. Es wurden Datenerhebungen auffünf Ebenen durchgeführt: (1) Reformumsetzungauf der Ebene der politischen Steuerung (zwei Ratskammerndes Eidgenössischen Parlaments), (2)Exekutivebene (Regierung und Ministerien), (3)Ebene der betrieblichen Steuerung (Amtsleitungen),(4) Ebene des betrieblichen Wandels (Mitarbeitende),(5) Wirkungsebene bei Leistungsempfängern(Amtskunden). Die Evaluation untersuchtein einer umfassenden Studie die drei FLAGPilotämterSchweizerische Landestopographie,Schweizerische Meteorologische AnstaltMeteoSchweiz sowie die SozialversicherungskasseZentrale Ausgleichsstelle Genf und als Vergleichsamtin fortgeschrittenerem Reformstadium dasEidgenössische Institut für Geistiges Eigentum.Ergänzend wurden alle restlichen acht FLAG-Amtsstellenin einer weiteren Evaluationsphase einbezogen.Das dafür eingesetzte Evaluationsdesign erhobDaten im Rahmen von 92 teilstrukturierten Interviews,einer Parlamentsumfrage, Kundenbefragungenbei zwei Ämtern, sieben Mitarbeiterbefragungenbei vier Ämtern (inkl. Längsschnittvergleich),Sekundäranalyse von Vergleichdaten aus einerPersonalbefragung der Bundesverwaltung sowieDokumentenanalysen.

[EN] Nano-crystalline MCM-22 zeolite was synthesized in a one-pot procedure by the use of an organosilane (dimethyl-octadecyl-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)-ammonium chloride, TPOAC) in the zeolite synthesis gel. This crystal growth inhibition procedure introduced mesopores in the MCM-22 crystallites. The lower mechanical stability of the nano-crystalline MCM-22 zeolite compared with bulk MCM-22 can be countered to some extent by pillaring. The increased external surface of the microporous zeolite domains resulted in increased accessibility of the Bronsted acid sites, as followed from the better performance in liquid-phase benzene alkylation with propylene as compared with bulk MCM-22. The increased accessibility of the internal acid sites in Mo-loaded hierarchical MCM-22 was also evident from the improved benzene selectivity during methane aromatization. Silylation of hierarchical Mo/MCM-22 was detrimental for the catalytic performance in MDA. The nano-crystalline MCM-22 has physico-chemical and catalytic properties intermediate between those of MCM-22 and ITQ-2 with the benefit over ITQ-2 that it can be synthesized in a single step. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ; Funding from the 7th Framework Program of the European Commission through the Collaborative Project Next-GTL (agreement no 229183) and financial support by the Spanish Government-MINECO through "Severo Ochoa" (SEV 2012-0267), Consolider Ingenio 2010-Multicat (CSD2009-00050) and MAT2012-31657 are acknowledged. Marta E. Martinez Armero thanks MINECO for economical support through pre-doctoral fellowship for doctors training (BES-2013-066800). The authors thank B. Esparcia for technical assistance. ; Tempelman, CHL.; Portilla Ovejero, MT.; Martínez Armero, ME.; Mezari, B.; De Caluwe, NGR.; Martínez, C.; Hensen, EJM. (2016). One-pot synthesis of nano-crystalline MCM-22. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials. 220:28-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2015.08.018 ; S ; 28 ; 38 ; 220

The original version of this Article contained an error in the caption of Fig. 2, where the sentence 'Yield-gap fractions close to zero show low-yielding croplands with high yield gaps.' should have been deleted. This has been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

Over time, with the profound changes in the learning and in research provided by technological advances, and especially because of the extreme value of higher education and scientific research, there is an intense discussion around the old and worn slogan "publish or perish". Increasingly, mentors or directors of thesis and university papers, en general, put themselves as first author or coauthor of work performed by their students, by the argument that the author, as activity and process, suffers herself social, cultural, economic and political mutations. This is a topic that arouses controversy and leads to conceptual changes, which require the deconstruction of its foundations, which, however, must respect the ethic behaviour ; A lo largo del tiempo, con los profundos cambios en la enseñanza e investigación provenientes de los avances tecnológicos, y sobre todo por el valor creciente de la educación superior y de la investigación científica, hay intensas controversias alrededor del viejo y gastado lema "publicar o morir". Cada vez más, tutores o directores de tesis y monografías académicas en general, se colocan como primer autor o coautor de los trabajos realizados por sus alumnos, utilizando el argumento de que la autoría, como actividad y proceso, sufre ella misma intensas mutaciones sociales, culturales, económicas y políticas. Este es un tema que despierta discusiones y conduce a cambios conceptuales que requieren la reconstrucción de sus fundamentos, ya que con respecto de la cuestión ética, debe tenerse en cuenta.

On the example of Corneille's tragedy "Horace" the article deals with the problem of the dramatic author, who is understood as the subject of writing, manifesting himself through the discourse of personages and the rhetorical structure of the piece as a whole. In order to detect the Author's position in the activity, we trace his attitude to the authority sanctioned by the poetics of classicism functioning within the boundaries of the analysed text as dominating and striving to absolute expansion and absorption of the entire sign-semantic system (political power). Contrary to the traditional interpretation of the tragedy "Horace" we installed that the towering figure of Horace, obscuring all the other characters, with all his key position, does not absorb the entire semiotic space of the tragedy; moreover, the Author is located in relation to it at a noticeable distance. The need is proved to study the tragedy of Corneille as a complex rhetorical construction, established through the interaction-rapprochement and repulsion – of its constituent figurative and semantic links, which is revealed by the example of the discursive relationship of different characters. Analysis of the nature of the discourse of each of the characters in their verbal interaction allowed to reveal the principle that guides and activates the unfolding of the tragic conflict, also to find the most mobile and superior to all others field of semantic tension contained in the image of Sabine as the "author's" character. The observations made in the article allow us to raise the question of the revision of approaches to the definition of classicism as an internally mobile and uneven sign-semantic system.

The aim of this article lies in generalization of the results of research on the localself-government functioning problems in the Ukrainian territorial authority system andspecification of priorities on development. Topicality of the present theme is stipulated bythe necessity to develop the Ukrainian statehood based on democratic principles, to beaware of the role of the local self-government and state engaged in administration of theterritories, to form such territorial authority model that would fit the modern Europeanstandards and would be directed at provision of rights, liberties and legal interests of eachindividual. It is shown, that further development of the local self-government in the territorialauthority's organization should be grounded on reforming of the administrativeterritorialsystem of the country, regulation of powers of local executive bodies and managingactivity of local government bodies in the development of the respective territories.

Economic integration is perceived as a multi-phase process in which national economic policies of a group of countries or territories are systematically coordinated and substituted by common policies. We can observe that this world-wide tendency to create regional free-trade agreements, common markets and monetary unions is beneficial for their participants. It is widely recognized that benefits from coordination and giving up national policy independence exceed costs, both economic and social ones. It can be argued that the European Union and the European Monetary Union are the role models of economic integration. In the course of integrating New Member States that joined the EU in 2004, and later, one can expect that both nominal and real convergence takes place. This is of high importance especially for those countries, which intend to join the EMU soon. There is a set of nominal criteria to be met, but their economic justification is not clear. They are not associated with the optimality criteria of the classical Optimal Currency Area theory. Despite they are intended to induce convergence, many economists criticize them as too strict in terms of their definitions. As a half of century of experience of the non-European monetary unions tells us (Młodkowski 2007), neither inflation nor fiscal deficit represents a reason for rejecting a prospect member. It is argued that compliance with any of the criteria is achievable at lower costs (social and political) after full monetary integration due to endogenity. What matters is the monetary policy stance convergence in the pre-integration period among monetary union member states. Only then substituting domestic monetary policy with a common one will not generate any shocks for the underlying economies. Therefore, it would be reasonable to reform the current set of nominal convergence criteria and introduce a new one, covering monetary policy stance convergence. In order to implement this idea a convenient, simple and easy to understand method is required for capturing ...

The article tries to reveal some of the reasons why the national strategy of research and development and first Version of Lisbon Strategy for the period 2005-2007 in Estonia has been quite efficient. Since 2000, the European Commission has been measuring the innovation performance of countries with the help of the European Innovation Scoreboard (EIS) which is the instrument developed by the European Commission, under the Lisbon Strategy, to provide a comparative assessment of the innovation performance of EU Member States annually. The research problem being solved in this article is: how to implement Lisbon agenda in Estonia (in 2008-2015). The aim of the article was to highlight the theoretical constitution of knowledge triangle based on Lisbon agenda and to analyse conception problems of knowledge triangle (academic research, infrastructure of higher educational institutions, innovative enterprise) concerning Estonian situation. In order to evaluate Estonia's perspectives in Lisbon strategy in 2008-2015 there was made analysis on ground of European Innovation Scoreboard. There are two main tendencies of the development of Knowledge Triangle: first, innovative rearrangements done in social sphere, in economy and in higher educational sphere to fulfil tasks from Lisbon strategy and, second, increase Estonian competitiveness. Another side of the knowledge triangle concerns creating new economic mechanisms (concrete business solutions) and creating new structure of institutions (rearrangement) to carry out new comprehensive and dynamic innovation model.According to European Innovation Scoreboard 2008 Estonia's place among 27 EU states is 12th. This is clearly evident that Estonia is reaching the EU mean level for summary innovation index and has a relatively high growth rate for its level.

Tourism is one of the largest and most perspective branches in the world economy. European Union (EU) ranks as first in the world and accounts 57, 8 percent of the world tourism market due to its unique tourist's objects and products differentiation as well as cultural and historical distinction of each country. Enlargement of EU extended markets and range of tourism services, thereby EU tourism sector went in higher and more sophisticated level of competition. Expanded tourism market provides together threats and opportunities for members of EU. To turn threats to opportunities is important to form tourism sector in innovative and effective way, to employ innovative methods and knowledge. Thus could secure tourism sector tight competitive positions in world economy, to encourage development of the member's infrastructure. Fast changing market's environment is causing the specific requirements for countries towards development of tourism sector. However there is lack of findings how innovative initiatives and activities displays in tourism sector of EU countries. The formed preconditions allow revealing scientific research problem of this article: how entrepreneurial characteristics reflect in Slovenia and Scotland tourism sectors? The aim of the article is to highlight reflections of entrepreneurship characteristics in tourism sector, trying to determine level of innovation in tourism sectors of Slovenia and Scotland. There were systemized approaches of tourism system and models, as well as perception of innovation was developed in the article. As the conclusion of this analysis model of tourism system and perception of innovation were highlighted and explained. Seeking to solve scientific problem and to reach the aim, entrepreneurship characteristics were crystallized in the article. The article stresses that the main elements of innovative tourism sector are proactivity, dynamism, creativity and social responsibility. As it is highlighted in the article, handling of mentioned features in various ways could signally ...

This paper discusses the development of central banking in the circumstances of the European Common Market, globalised banking industry and financial market complexity. Central banks make up an essential part of the financial sector. The establishment of the European Central Bank (ECB), the formation of the European System of Central Banks (ESCB) in 1998 and the enlargement of the European Union (EU) on 1 May 2004 as well as on 1 January 2007 was a turning point for the EU national central banks (NCBs). The process of the EU enlargement was accompanied by the formation of some groups of the NCBs: the NCBs of the old EU countries (EU15) and the NCBs of the new EU Member States (EU12). The analysis of the performance indicators of a number of the NCBs points to substantial differences between the given groups of the NCBs and there are good opportunities for promoting the integrity of the ESCB. Following the centralisation of a part of the decision-making process, the effectiveness and efficiency of the NCBs were questioned.Specific development circumstances in each country have determined the mode of operation and the place of the central bank in the financial environment. At the same time in the context of financial market globalisation and turbulences, the central banks are subject to financial risks. The paper pursues the aim to propose solutions for further improvements in the ESCB's operation and policy. In the pursuit of the objectives set, the authors have made use of such methods as the statistical analysis of indicators, and the graphic and monographic approach. The authors build their research on the analysis of operational results of the NCBs and views of a number of researchers on various aspects of modern central banking. Some differences have been detected for several indicators of central banks of the EU15 and EU12 countries; they prove that there is still room for improving the integration, effectiveness and efficiency of the ESCB. The findings of the research suggest that there exists a closer relationship ...

Fast expansion of European Union (hereafter – EU), which occurs in a quite short time just confirms, that EU as a formation of the member states helps them to reach additional positive economic effect. The EU always meets new challenges for economic evolution as it is expanded both in geographical and integration point of view, and as it has uneven economic and social level of development, different demographic situation. One of the above-mentioned challenge - how to reach closer cohesion of economic development. It is not easy to seek this, especially if you know how very different economies of EU member states are. For instance, the size of production of Germany which generates the largest part of EU economy is the same as twenty smallest member states all together. Obviously, the EU economic development mostly depends and will depend on the biggest countries' economic growth and that is because they will have influence on development of smaller member states. In order to seek a closer cohesion between members states in the EU one of the measures are creation of structural funds. The question: do these instruments allow to reach the said aims?According to the financial perspective for 2000-2006 approximately 90 pc of the whole EU support was accorded to EU-15; approximately 60 pc provided in financial perspective for 2007-2013. In this case emerge ambiguous situation: on the one part, insufficient concentration of EU financial support for less developed regions impede sustainable development, in the other part, citizens of the new member states get more financial support from EU budget than they pay for it. It is important to underline, that EU financial support and participating in the common market has changed two main economic rates: GDP growth and inflation. The new member countries also should not forget abilities to absorb this structural support. In this regard the old member states dominate over the new ones. For that reason one of the future challenges for the new member states - to reach the same level. ...

The article analyses the political-administrative dichotomy and the relationshipsbetween administrative and political actors.Based on the Peters and the Aberbach, Putnam, and Rockman models of interactionbetween political and administrative actors, some representative cases were selectedand studied in order to identify the specificities of senior civil servant selection,recruitment and employment regimes.The main objective was to verify if there is some space for hybrid managementmodels, combining both the political and meritocratic requisites, in the context of thecontemporary democracies.The paper also presents some proposals for a more integrated strategic selectionand management policy for senior civil servants, aiming at the improvement oftransparency, legitimacy and merit in the selection processes.

The second part of the article (for the first section see the 26th issue of this journal) examines issuesconcerning the formation of Lithuanian labour policy in the period from 2001 to 2008. The study revealsthat during that period Lithuanian labour market policy was modelled in view of preparing for the EuropeanUnion (EU) accession stage, harmonising Lithuanian labour market policy with EU normative actsand implementing the common European Employment Strategy (EES). The national labour market policywas also drawn up in line with 'homework' assigned by the European Commission (EC) and the aim tocreate an active, flexible and stable labour market, also one that reflects national interests. The articlepresents practical and theoretical assessment of the separate stages of Lithuania's labour market policydevelopment. This article is a continuation of the first attempt to draw up an analytic assessment ofchanges and management characteristics to labour market development in the re-established Republic ofLithuania.

In recent years a gap between the competence and qualification of the university graduates and the labour market demand is continuously growing. That is the main reason of the overall, government supported university study curricula review and upgrade in the country, as well as motivation for introduction of new pedagogical approaches to enhance active learning. This paper deals with first activities of implementation of the contemporary study methodology into Electronics Study program at the Riga Technical University. The new curricula will introduce innovation in the study process: the change of the learning paradigm – enhancement of active learning. Besides that, the innovative aspects of the new methodological approaches lie in the meeting of the market driven requirements and development of competitive new specialists. Additionally to the individual benefits of new specialists and their future employers, the new study curricula will bring remarkable impact to the competitiveness of the university and will raise the image of the whole country. Innovative approach is used in the curricula development based on application of the Enterprise Knowledge Development method.

The article deals with the problem of representation in the area of local public policy. Representation is acrucial element of any democratic society. The democratic society should be reflected as sharp as possible in therepresentative institutions. Otherwise, if the reflection of society's structure is distorted, there will be a great dangerto fall into the asymmetry of democracy. Contemporary public administration extended the traditionally politicalnotion of representation into the area of bureaucracy. The distinction between the passive and the active representationwas developed. Despite that there is no consensuses of whether the passive representation always leads to the active one, the authors of the article keep a premise that most often the passive representation leads to the activeone, but it may become a negative point if the passive representation is not the sharp one. While the local councilis considered as a subject of public administration in Lithuania, the authors of the article choose to research howsharp the local council of Klaipëda represents the community of the city. The problem is relevant because thecontemporary public policy is increasingly oriented towards the notion of public governance. Applying the casestudymethod and analytical statistics, article analyzes the last four elections to the local council of Klaipëda. Dueto the wide scope of the topic, the object of the research is divided into the four main structural components:representation of gender, nationality, age-group, and occupation. Additionally, the diversity effect is calculatedapplying the Blau index. The research proved that the passive representation in the local council is not the sharpone. Among all, the distinct domination of only two - business and education - occupational groups revealed thatthere are negative tendencies in the development of local democracy. Two of them are of the greatest menace: 1)prevailing of business leaders might lead to the market relationships in the processes of solving social problems, ...