Suchergebnisse

APPROVED ; Increased student mobility has led to an increase of international students studying at Irish universities. The predictor of English LX students academic success primarily relies on standardized tests, however, the use of these tests and associated preparation courses as preparation tools for higher education is questioned. In response, pre-sessional English for Academic Purposes (EAP) programs have been created to serve as alternative entry and preparation tools. Still, these programs are under-researched, and their development not always linked with research and theory. Further, there is a lack of Irish-based research which focuses on international students and EAP. Therefore, this research aims to investigate how pre-sessional EAP programs can be better designed to meet the needs of international students through a comprehensive needs-analysis of Irish third level education. This was done through a mixed-methods analysis of questionnaire responses from 124 international students and interviews with 14 faculty and 41 international students in Ireland. Theoretically, this study is informed by Academic Literacies, with the supporting theories of Global Englishes and translanguaging. Students within this study primarily spoke negatively about their experiences studying in Ireland. Findings revealed that international students face linguistic, cultural, social, emotional, structural (institutional), and socio-economic challenges during their degree. These elements are intertwined, and no sphere can be ignored when looking to support students. Further, both students and faculty felt that there is a wide range of variation in academia. This included differences in institutions, disciplines, modules, assessment, expectations, and lecturing styles. They also felt that Global Englishes and translanguaging were found throughout academia. This variation, and the wide range of challenges and needs add to the complexity of supporting students during their studies. Both English L1 and English LX students must navigate expectations, course requirements, and new cultures. However, faculty also navigate these aspects, namely through external authority which imposes policies, expectations, and requirements. Therefore, a holistic approach needs to be taken in Ireland to internationalization in general and to pre-sessional EAP programs in particular. Opening such EAP programs to all students regardless of their L1, along with offering the program for free or through means-testing, would make these programs inclusive and accessible to all who would benefit from such a program. Further, institution-specific and discipline-specific programs would allow students to gain familiarity with their institution and degree of choice. Overall, an Academic Literacies approach to both the curriculum and assessment is suggested. Integrating translanguaging and Global Englishes into the program is also essential to better reflect the realities of language use in academia and better support students. Additionally, it is suggested that a robust social program be developed along with pre-sessional EAP programs. Social programs can include housing for the summer on the university campus or with host families, excursions and trips, holistic workshops, work-placement or community service, and a mentoring program. As Irish universities are still in the baby stages of holistic internationalization, it was therefore also suggested that governmental and institutional changes be made to better support international students. By drawing out implications for pre-sessional EAP programs, institutions, and the government, the present study emphasizes that the onus to adapt, internationalize, and succeed in their new environments should not be solely on the student, but rather the responsibility shared amongst all players.

Abstrak Kemajuan teknologi khususnya dalam bidang multimedia dan industri kreatif mendorong perubahan cara penggunaan ruang. Beberapa industri terkait yang sulit bertahan akan menurun produktivitasnya hingga mungkin berhenti beroperasi. Fasilitas industri yang menyimpan kesejarahan dan teknologi spesifik pada masanya dapat dikategorikan sebagai industrial heritage. Bekas fasilitas industri yang terabaikan di tengah kawasan perkotaan akan menurunkan kualitas ruang kota baik secara fisik maupun fungsional. Penelitian ini mengambil objek studi salah satu objek industrial heritage terkait industri kreatif perfilman yang sudah tidak beroperasi lagi yaitu Perum PFN yang terletak di Jakarta Timur. Perum PFN merupakan salah satu pelopor industri perfilman di Indonesia pertama yang didirikan sejak zaman masa penjajahan Belanda. Perum PFN mengalami penurunan produksi dan cenderung tidak aktif serta menempati ruang yang luas dan strategis di tengah kota. Kendati demikian Perum PFN memiliki Sejarah dan peran signifikan untuk tetap diingat sebagai warisan budaya perfilman serta berpeluang untuk berperan dalam memberi kualitas pada ruang kota. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi elemen arsitektur yang bernilai untuk dipertahankan serta memberikan usulan fungsi baru yang mampu menghidupkan kembali kawasan PFN dengan identitasnya terkait industri film khususnya bagi komunitas film. Proses observasi dan analisis didasarkan pada studi literature, observasi dan untuk menemukan kriteria dan menganalisis potensi yang dimiliki serta identitas apa yang ingin dipertahankan. Hasil studi ini berupa sebuah model yang dapat menjadi usulan untuk revitalisasi Perum PFN sebagai industrial heritage yang berperan memfasilitasi ruang publik untuk komunitas perfilman. Kata-kata kunci: warisan industri, Perum PFN, revitalisasi, penggunaan kembali adaptif Abstract Technology advances, especially in the fields of multimedia and creative industries are driving changes in the way space is used. Some related industries that are difficult to survive will decrease their productivity or even stop operating. Industrial facilities that have history and specific technology in their period can be categorized as industrial heritage. The abandoned industrial facilities in the middle of urban areas will reduce the quality of urban space both physically and functionally. This research takes Perum PFN located in East Jakarta. Perum PFN is a creative film industry belong to government and no longer actively operate. It is one of the pioneers of the film industry in Indonesia, which was first established since the days of the Dutch colonial era. Perum PFN has decreased production and tends to be inactive despite occupying a large and strategic space in the city center. Nevertheless, Perum PFN has a history and a significant role to be remembered as a cultural heritage of film and has the opportunity to play a role in providing quality to urban space. This study aims to identify architectural elements that are valuable to be maintained and to propose new functions that are able to revive the PFN region with their identities related to the film industry, especially for the film community. The process of observation and analysis is based on the study of literature, observation and interview to find criteria and analyze the potential possessed and what identity to be maintained. The result is a model of new identity of Perum PFN as public community facilities to increase urban area quality. Keywords: industrial heritage, Perum PFN, revitalization, adaptive reuse

Access is a key foundation to achieve digital inclusion, however, in many countries, including G20 economies, structural inequalities such as those in income, education and employment opportunities increase barriers to technology access and use, which women are likely to experience more severely.
When promoting policies to facilitate the participation of women in the paid economy, flexible working (including teleworking), is often promoted as a solution. However, studies in several countries show that the digital world of work could further cement traditional gender roles.
The digital gender divide has been recognized as a challenge to achieve gender equality for women, particularly as the 4th Industrial Revolution continues to increase the pace of change of information and communication technologies.
As societies become increasingly dependent on digital technology, women are at risk of losing out on the positive promise of full participation in digital economies.
Reports around the world are showing that during COVID-19 crisis, inequalities are being exacerbated, and so across the world, women are being affected more severely by the socioeconomic impacts of this Pandemic.
Many women are juggling an increase in unpaid care work while also contending with paid work, now in a new form: the Digital World of Work, Teleworking and its implications. The pressure of balancing work and family life is taking a severe toll on women's well-being.
Before the pandemic of COVID-19, women globally did nearly three times as much unpaid care and domestic work as men. But after the Pandemic, the care work at home has really grown exponentially. Besides the direct impacts of the pandemic, the response is also exacerbating inequalities. In particular, the closure of schools and nurseries has revealed the fragility of women's participation in the paid economy. The school closures and household isolation are moving the work of caring for children from the paid economy ‒ nurseries, schools, babysitters ‒ to the unpaid one.
This really underpins so many of the inequalities that women experience. While both women and men are suffering the economic fallout of the virus across the world, it is women who are being disproportionately more constricted by it.
The right to disconnect, is design to establish boundaries around the use of electronic communication after working hours and to provide employees with the right to not engage in any work-related activities at home. It is often looked upon as an individual right of the employee to not only disconnect but also to not be reprimanded for failing to connect – or rewarded for constantly staying connected.
Because of social and cultural roles and stereotypes, women have more responsibility for their families and homes than men, and may not be able to stay connected after the formal working day ends even if they wanted to. This is particularly the case for single mothers, for whom a right to disconnect could have a proportionally larger positive impact than for other employees.
We intend to analyze how the structural and sociological phenomenon, that women experience, articulates with the Digital World of Work and the Right to Disconnect, paying special attention to family work balance and fair family responsibilities distribution.

The aim of the article is to clarify the artistic role of the ensemble "Chervona Ruta" in the context of Ukrainian musical culture. The relevance of the study lies in the development of principles of a new vision, trends in the development of the ensemble "Chervona Ruta" in the context of Ukrainian pop and ensemble performance and its role in the development of musical culture of Ukraine. The methodology of this study is the application of comparative-historical method, which allows us to trace the historical context of the ensemble and the context of the development of pop and ensemble art of Ukraine. The chronological method allows to determine the stages of formation and development of the team on the example of the analysis of concert and performance activities of the ensemble. Vocal and pop performance on the examplebof the ensemble "Chervona Ruta" appears as a dynamic cultural and artistic phenomenon. The song repertoire of the ensemble appears as a translator of the identity of Ukrainian culture, which is confirmed by the presence of folk intonations and the involvement of appropriatebinstruments. The study of the processes of formation and development of ensembles allows us to identify the traditions of Ukrainian pop music, which is a prerequisite for the formation and development of musical art in Ukraine. Despite the existing achievements in the study of ensemble performance, the issues of the influence of ensemble work on Ukrainian artistic music culture remain insufficiently studied, which highlights the need for a comprehensive analysis of the specifics of pop vocal and ensemble performance, especially the band "Chervona Ruta" as a creative phenomenon of pop ensemble. The creative path of the ensemble "Chervona Ruta" began a new stage in the formation of pop song repertoire, which differs from the previous significant changes in genre richness, functional features and new means of performance. The popularization of Ukrainian pop song contributed to the development of television, the improvement of sound recording and reproducing equipment, the emergence of electromusical instruments. All this contributed to the emergence of numerous amateur vocal and instrumental ensembles – a hallmark of a new era in the development of popular music. The advent of VIA brought new ways of artistic expression to the stage – new timbre paints, the use of electromusical instruments with their specifics, the use of various electronic systems, the strange sound of voices in extreme tension. Conclusions. Ensemble art in various genre and stylistic forms has always played a significant role in social life and has enjoyed the widest popularity among composers, performers and listeners in all historical epochs and in general remains popular today. The rise and prosperity of VIA coincided with a period of intensive scientific and technical discoveries – radio engineering, electronics, sound recording. Participants of vocal-instrumental ensembles can be called musicians-performers of a new type, they are at the same time singers, musicians, actors and authors. The new domestic VIA combined the features of big beat and enriched them with national elements, in their programs there is a tendency to synthesize with theater, choreography. A new youth spectator stood out from the former regular audience of the stage, the regulatory functions of the mass media increased.

Purpose
Taking an inter-Asian perspective on the perception of China's rise and power shifts in Asia, this reflection draws on the examples of Hong Kong's years-long pro-democracy movement, Taiwan's democratization and India's anti-China sentiments to discuss the growth of domestic and international discontents against China's projection of sharp power, even military power, along its peripheries. The severity of these crises suggests that an assertive China has trapped itself in a perpetual cycle of intensifying authoritarian rule at home and seeking expansionary outreach abroad. China's diplomatic and military adventurism is likely to antagonize potential allies, jeopardizing the hope for inter-Asian solidarity and cooperation.


Design/methodology/approach
The authors consult relevant secondary literature to contextualize the perception of China's rise to domination from an inter-Asian perspective.


Findings
Following the end of the Cold War in 1990 and the demise of the Soviet Union as a Eurasian empire, some cultural theorists proposed a postcolonial, inter-Asian perspective to de-globalize the Euro-American-dominated humanities and social sciences, recognizing that many areas once deemed by the West as marginal and peripheral had contributed to the transformation of the modern world. The nineteenth-century Western imperialists and early twentieth-century Japanese militarists once deployed the geopolitical concept of "Asia" to advance their respective discourses of modernity and progress. Thus, the very notion of Asian solidarity or Pan-Asianism is deeply problematic because it reminds us of the entwined histories of colonial oppression and resistance against imperialistic intrusions.


Research limitations/implications
The conventional "inter-Asian" perspective that emphasizes relational connectedness across and within nations does not seem applicable to explaining the troublesome relationship between American universalism and China-centric authoritarianism.


Practical implications
In today's multipolar world, the USA and China are embroiled in a competitive relationship regarding the shape the global order should take. The recent US-China trade war is only the opening shot in the wider bilateral conflict. Behind this contest for global leadership in economic influence and technology is a serious battle of ideas.


Social implications
China is still coming to terms with many unexpected consequences of globalization. Steady recovery gave China a temporary reprieve but the overall economy has weakened due to many years of trade disputes with the USA and the COVID-19 pandemic. China has yet to find a way to coexist with a fast-developing India, address the genuine grievances and demands for democratic change in Hong Kong and accommodate a stronger pro-independence force in Taiwan. To revive the vision of inter-Asian solidarity, China should build trust at home and abroad and reimagine institutional mechanisms for conflict resolution. Otherwise, it would trap itself in endless cycles of tensions and conflicts that benefit no one.


Originality/value
The rapid rise of China to power in the Eurasian continent and Asian waters has not only distorted the inter-Asian vision of seeking unity among postcolonial states but also accelerated competitions for territorial resources and regional dominance. By reflecting on the latest interventions of China in geopolitical affairs, this paper shows that despite the rhetorical appeal of horizontality, the engagement of many emerging Asian powers has diverged from the ideal of inter-Asian cooperation. The task for scholars is to gain a more accurate understanding of the fluid situations on the ground.

From its debut in 1965 to its climax in 1995 (the year that Jackson Richardson won World Player of the Year), Reunionese handball reached immense success in only 30 years. This dissertation retraces, from a microhistorical perspective, the process leading to this success in the dual context of Reunionese history and French handball. Drawing from a great variety of sources (handball journals, first-hand testimonies, archives, news articles), it aims at delineating the political, social, cultural and geopolitical parameters of this evolution. This evolution took place in two stages. The first stage was the seminal impulse of 1965-1980, when a few visionaries building on local specificities strove to organise a handball scene in La Réunion and embed the sport in Reunionese life, overcoming numerous obstacles in the process. The second stage (1980-1995) saw local actors strive to bring Reunionese handball up to high-level standards, in accordance with FFHB policy. This gave rise to a shift in representations, wherebybhandball was no longer limited to fun and entertainment, but increasingly perceived as vector of upward social mobility within an exacting and competitive framework. The history of Reunionese handball and its actors must be understood in the wider context of the many changes undergone by Reunionese society over the period, such as the increase in school enrolment, the beginnings of women's emancipation, intensified connections with the outer world, and an overall improvement in the region's image. It also demonstrates the impact of an oversea region on the organisation, massification and high-level achievements of French handball (to which it brought the specificities of its own multicultural model). Finally, it exemplifies the importance of collective values to reach success. ; De ses débuts institutionnels en 1965 à son apogée en 1995, symbolisée par le titre de meilleur joueur du monde obtenu par Jackson Richardson, le handball réunionnais se construit en trente ans une réussite exceptionnelle. Notre objet de recherche, inscrit dans le courant de la microhistoire, s'attache à expliquer le processus de cette réussite dans le double contexte de transformation de l'Île de la Réunion et du handball français. À partir d'une diversité de sources (périodiques handballistiques, témoignages d'acteurs, archives, coupures de presse) le but est de saisir les principes politiques, sociaux, culturels ou géopolitiques au cœur de cette évolution. Deux phases sont clairement identifiées. L'impulsion décisive de 1965 à 1980 quand des pionniers surmontent de nombreux obstacles. Ils parviennent à structurer cette activité pour l'ancrer dans le paysage local en développant sa propre identité. De la consécration à l'apogée (1980-1995), les acteurs réunionnais suivant la politique fédérale développent l'ambition d'atteindre le haut niveau. Se produit alors un changement de représentation de cette activité ludique et spectaculaire qui se mue en une possibilité d'ascension sociale dans le cadre d'une politique rigoureuse et compétitive. L'histoire du handball réunionnais et de ses acteurs s'inscrit dans la compréhension plus globale des transformations de la société réunionnaise, comme l'importance de la scolarisation, le début d'une émancipation féminine, l'ouverture vers l'extérieur et la revalorisation de son image. Elle montre aussi l'importance d'une région ultramarine dans la structuration, la massification et l'atteinte du haut-niveau par le handball français tout en lui apportant des spécificités enrichissant son modèle multiculturel. Enfin, elle rend compte de l'importance des valeurs collectives pour atteindre le succès.

South Africa is facing a severe shortage of medical doctors and has a government that is sceptical of reliance of foreign skills known as skilled immigration. The government and the national Department of Health (DoH) have implemented a variety of intervention measures in order to alleviate the negative impact of this shortage caused by medical skills shortage in the sector. However, the DoH's reluctance to recruit foreign medical doctors, and particularly its prohibition on the recruitment of doctors from South Africa's neighbouring countries, undermines the government's effort to increase the number of doctors in the health system. Skilled immigration, the importation of scarce skills from outside the country, made little progress with the enactment of the Immigration Act 13 of 2002. The priority of South Africa's immigration policy is still focused on controlling skilled immigration, as is underlined by its protectionism and restrictiveness. The Department of Home Affairs' (DHA) immigration policy and its counterproductive approach to attracting skilled foreign labour has drawn criticism from a wide range of people including academics, politicians and businesspeople. The DHA itself has in its white papers of 1999 and of 2017 admitted that its inflexible approach to immigration has resulted in the country's failure to attract skilled foreign workers. In this study, I use archived parliamentary meeting minutes and parliamentary documents as the primary data source to understand the deliberations of stakeholders on skilled immigration which resulted in the Immigration Act 13 of 2002. The Act had a direct effect on the DoH's approach to the recruitment of foreign medical doctors. More specifically, this dissertation aims to explore how stakeholders who were involved in the drafting process of the Immigration Act 13 of 2002 deliberated on the existing cultural and structural conditions that resulted in the Immigration Bill which preceded the Act. By exploring the changes in the immigration policy, the dissertation aims to understand the impact of the immigration policy and institutional xenophobia on the recruitment of foreign doctors. Margaret Archer's (1995) morphogenetic/morphostatic cycle is used to understand the development of South Africa's immigration policy from 2000 to 2006 as this was the period in which the discussion of the Immigration Bill started. I argue that institutional xenophobia which is manifested in South Africans' antagonism towards foreign nationals, the deeply-entrenched employment equity policy that promotes national workers, the weakened state of the civil society, and the consolidated power of the government in decision-making all contributed to the DoH's decision to restrict the recruitment of foreign medical doctors. In the absence of government's support, it is unlikely that there will be a conducive environment to put in place a skilled immigration policy that can harness skilled foreigners' skills and facilitate skilled foreigners' entry. This dissertation suggests that the government critically review its immigration policy which is deepening South Africa's skills gap in the medical field. This dissertation further recommends the government to consider the option of allowing foreign doctors to work in the private sector. This would not only increase the overall number of doctors in the health sector, it would also dispel the public's concern that the employment of foreign doctors would cost a hefty amount at the expense of the public.

Based on the analysis of historical events, the article examines the dynamics of changes in the forms and methods of diplomacy of the New Age. The historical preconditions for the emergence of new forms of diplomacy, its legalization and institutionalization are analyzed. Based on the study of modern world events, examples of forms and methods of diplomacy of the beginning of the XXI century are given: public, economic, cultural, informational, network, regional, ideological, climatic and other types of diplomacy. Particular attention is paid to the consequences of the introduction of the systems of international relations for the diplomatic service of Westphalia and Vienna, the origins of the formation of the system of diplomatic embassies of the Middle Ages and their further development, secret diplomacy and more. Based on the study of transformation processes in Europe in the period under study, specific historical events that had a direct impact on the formation of forms of diplomacy and the foundations of diplomatic law, protocol and etiquette are presented. It is argued that the diplomatic trends of the New Age period were the emergence of a new form of diplomacy – economic, departure from marriage diplomacy and the transition from bilateral relations to a new form of communication at the level of international organizations. The development of economic diplomacy was facilitated by the ideology of the possibility of resolving military conflicts by economic means, by establishing foreign economic relations. In addition to classical diplomacy, ideology and religion continue to play an important role in the development of diplomatic tools and forms of diplomacy, being independent diplomatic tools. New geographical discoveries and colonization stimulate world trade, encourage the search for new forms of communication and communication. The emergence of new opportunities for the dissemination of information - printing presses, led to the intensification of the dissemination of information and encourages a new rethinking of the methods of diplomacy of this period. ; На основі аналізу історичних подій в статті досліджено динаміку змін форм та методів дипломатії доби Нового часу. Проаналізовано історичні передумови виникнення нових форм дипломатії, її легалізації та інституалізації. На основі дослідження сучасних світових подій наводяться приклади форм та методів дипломатії початку ХХІ століття: публічна, економічна, культурна, інформаційна, мережева, регіональна, ідеологічна, кліматична та інші види дипломатії. Особлива увага приділена наслідкам впровадження для дипломатичної служби Вестфальської та Віденської систем міжнародних відносин, витоків формування системи дипломатичних посольств періоду Середньовіччя та їх подальшого розвитку, таємній дипломатії тощо. На основі вивчення трансформаційних процесів в Європі в період, що вивчається, наводяться конкретні історичні події, що мали безпосередній вплив на становлення форм дипломатії та основ дипломатичного права, протоколу та етикету. Обстоюється думка, що дипломатичними трендами періоду доби Нового Часу стали виникнення нової форми дипломатії – економічної, відходу від шлюбної дипломатії та переходу від двосторонніх відносин до нової форми спілкування на рівні міжнародних організацій. Розвитку економічної дипломатія сприяла ідеологія щодо можливості врегулювання військових конфліктів економічними методами, шляхом встановлення зовнішньоекономічних зв'язків. Окрім класичної дипломатії, ідеологія й релігія продовжують грати важливу роль в розвитку дипломатичного інструментарію та форм дипломатії, уявляючи собою самостійні дипломатичні інструменти. Нові географічні відкриття та колонізація стимулюють світову торгівлю, спонукають до пошуків нових форм комунікації та спілкування. Поява нових можливостей розповсюдження інформації – друкарських станків, призвели до інтенсифікації розповсюдження інформації та спонукає по новому переосмислити методи дипломатії вказаного періоду.

Abstract. This study explores a multitude of different belongings and non-belongings that are produced in everyday talk and practices in the context of Finnish public basic education. The study asks — what kind of belongings and non-belongings may be produced in the everyday school life and how are the social belongings and non-belongings produced in the everyday school life. In this study, belonging is understood as a dynamic feeling of safety, familiarity and comfort which is always produced in relation to the environment. The theoretical framework is built on literature that sees belonging through perspectives of emotions, politics of belonging and intersectionality in a complex world that is in constant change. Access to the everyday school life of first graders was sought through ethnographic 'hanging out' and ethnographic observation of the children in their educational settings. The main data consists of observations carried out during two school weeks. The analysis process of this study was inspired by Jackson and Mazzei (2012; 2017) who describe it as 'thinking with theory' and Maclure's (2013) hotspot analysis. Chosen parts of the generated data have been discussed in a dialogue with the theoretical framework in order to be able to see belonging and everyday school life in a different way. The findings shed light on the multiple and intertwined dimensions of belonging. Through analysis, the research illuminates different often naturalized, and therefore considered non-political, processes in which multiple belongings (and simultaneously non-belongings) are produced in the lives of children. I come to argue that social belongings are partly produced on the foundation of cultural, material and spatial routines of belonging, but they are not achieved through them. The research may provide depth and insight to the contemporary academic discussion on belonging in school environment and simultaneously provide educators with an opportunity to reflect together the variety of practices in which belongings and non-belongings are produced in the fleeting moments of everyday school life.Etnografinen lähestymistapa moninaisiin kuulumisiin kouluarjessa. Tiivistelmä. Tämä pro gradu -tutkielma tarkastelee lasten moninaisia kuulumisia ja kuulumattomuuksia, joita tuotetaan peruskoulun arjessa. Tutkimuksessa kysytään: millaisia monenlaisia kuulumisia ja kuulumattomuuksia kouluarjessa tuotetaan, ja miten sosiaalista kuulumista ja kuulumattomuutta kouluarjessa tuotetaan? Tutkimuksessa kuuluminen ymmärretään dynaamisena turvallisuuden, tuttuuden ja mukavuuden tunteena, joka tuotetaan aina suhteessa ympäristöön. Tutkimuksen teoreettinen viitekehys rakentuu tunteiden, kuulumisen politiikan ja intersektionaalisuuden näkökulmien ympärille tässä monimutkaisessa ja jatkuvassa muutoksessa olevassa maailmassa. Ekaluokkalaisten kouluarkeen sukellettiin 'etnografisen hengailun' ja etnografisen osallistuvan havainnoinnin avulla. Aineisto tuotettiin havainnoimalla lapsia heidän kouluympäristössään kahden kouluviikon aikana. Analyysiprosessia innoittivat Jacksonin ja Mazzein (2012; 2017) teorian kanssa ajattelu ja Macluren (2013) hotspot-analyysi. Valittuja aineisto-otteita pohditaan kuulumiselle ominaisten piirteiden valossa, jotta kuuluminen ja kouluarki voitaisiin nähdä uusin silmin. Tutkimuksen valossa kuulumisen ulottuvuudet näyttäytyvät moninaisina ja toisiinsa kietoutuneina. Analyysin kautta tutkimus osoittaa, että kuulumisen ulottuvuudet ovat jatkuvasti neuvottelujen alaisina luonnollistetuissa, ja siten epäpoliittisina nähdyissä, prosesseissa. Näiden havaintojen perusteella tutkimus väittää, että sosiaaliset kuulumiset tuotetaan osittain kulttuurisille, materiaalisille ja tilallisille kuulumisen rutiineille, ja vaikka sosiaalinen kuulumisen tuottaminen mahdollistetaan rakenteilla ja käytänteillä, sitä ei saavuteta niillä. Tutkimus voi tuoda syvyyttä tämän hetkiseen keskusteluun kuulumisesta kouluympäristössä. Lisäksi se voi antaa kasvattajille mahdollisuuden pohtia sitä käytäntöjen kirjoa, jolla kuulumisia ja kuulumattomuuksia tuotetaan kouluarjen ohikiitävissä hetkissä.

The main stages of becoming and evolution of the system of career guidance in Ukraine are analyzed in the article. The features of formation of the world labor market in accordance with the European historical periodization are considered. The prerequisites for the formation of a career guidance system determine the social, economic, political, cultural and value and other features of a particular stage of development of society, and, accordingly, the labor market in society on the issue of employment, the use of workers in social production. The origins of the career guidance system, pre-industrial, industrial, post-industrial stages of becoming a career guidance system in the world are characterized. The chronology of the development of the career guidance system in Ukraine in the aspect-historical retrospective for five periods is presented. The beginning of the 20's — the end of the 30's of the XX century — period of origin and formation of the system of career guidance in Ukraine (Ukraine within the USSR), search of forms and methods of career guidance, accumulation of experimental and practical material. The end of the 30s — 50s of the XX century — the period of episodic functioning of the career guidance system, the development of labor education, the small participation of scientists and specialists in career guidance of young people. The beginning of the 60's — 80's — formation of the system of labor training, active search for solving the problems of career guidance, increased attention of state institutions to the career guidance of young people, organization in the USSR of the All-Union career guidance system. 1984 — 1990 — formation of theoretical and organizational and methodological support for the development of the state service of career guidance in Ukraine (within the USSR). From 1990 to the present day the transformation of the "Soviet" system of career guidance, active scientific search for new forms and methods of career guidance in connection with new socio-economic conditions, reformation of the education system in the direction of profiling the secondary school. The necessity of developing a qualitatively new approach to the career guidance of young people in modern conditions is grounded in view of the radical changes in the labor market and the general features of social development. ; Проанализированы основные этапы развития и становления системы профессиональной ориентации в Украине. Рассмотрены особенности становления мирового рынка труда в соответствии с европейской исторической периодизацией. охарактеризованы истоки системы профессиональной ориентации, доиндустриальный, индустриальный, постиндустриальный этапы становления системы профессиональной ориентации в мире. Приведена хронология развития системы профессиональной ориентации в Украине в аспектно-исторической ретроспективе в период с начала 20-х годов XIX в. до сих пор. обоснована необходимость разработки качественно нового подхода к профессиональной ориентации молодежи к подготовке в современных условиях с учетом коренных изменений на рынке труда и общих особенностей развития общества. ; Проаналізовано основні етапи розвитку та становлення системи професійної орієнтації в Україні. Розглянуто особливості становлення світового ринку праці у відповідності до європейської історичної періодизації. схарактеризовано витоки системи професійної орієнтації, доіндустріальний, індустріальний, післяіндустріальний етапи становлення системи професійної орієнтації у світі. наведено хронологію розвитку системи професійної орієнтації в Україні в аспектно-історичній ретроспективі у період з початку 20-х років ХІХ ст. до сьогодні. обґрунтовано необхідність розробки якісно нового підходу до професійної орієнтації молоді до підготовки в сучасних умовах з огляду на докорінні зміни на ринку праці та загальні особливості розвитку суспільства.

The aim of the research is to elucidate the reflections of the parish priest Mizetskyi Serhiy Andriyovych, who lived in the countryside of Katerynoslav, according to the social and political transformations in Ukraine during the 1920-ies, based on the analysis of his epistolary heritage. The research methodology is based on the methodological techniques of the priest's external and internal letters' criticism; the biographical method has been applied in order to study the life path and determine the influence of events in his life on the reflections' formulation; the comparative and historical method has been used for the comparison of the clergyman's assessments presented in the letters with the scientific interpretations of the social and political transformations during the 1920-ies; the combination of macro- and microhistorical approaches for the priest's assessments of the clergy place reconstruction in the Soviet society. The scientific novelty of the article is to reproduce the reflections of priest S. Mizetskyi on the social and political transformations in the Soviet Ukraine during the post-revolutionary decade, based on the analysis of the priest's private correspondence first introduced into the scientific circulation. S. Mizetskyi's assessments of the clergy place in the Soviet society have been characterized, and his strategies for survival have been outlined. The Conclusions. The coverage of the priest's reflections on the socio-political and economic transformations in Ukraine during the 1920-ies suggests that centuries-old cultural and ideological stereotypes of the clergy collided with the Soviet experiments. The people with high social status faced with the new challenges became part of the world of "non-labor elements", were deprived of the right to vote. As a result, those changes happened quite rapid for the priest, morally and physically painful. S. Mizetskyi carried on keeping to the pre-revolutionary times' ethical norms, which did not correspond to the ideas of vulgar materialism, the new government's policy of double standards. Hence, the ethical norms' conflict manifested itself at various levels of communication between the priest and the authorities – from reading the monopoly press to defending their interests in the village council. Due to the letters' analysis, which provides pieces of evidence and gives the opportunity to claim that there was a huge ideological gap between the authorities and S. Mizetskyi, a typical representative of the clergy in the south of Ukraine. It was felt more acutely than that of the former nobles and peasants, as the latter were free to perform their duties (as farmers) or, as former nobles, to adapt and seek their place in the new social structure. Because of the aloofness in the circle of people close to the church, conducting a "monologue of the heart" in letters to brother and father became almost the only strategies for survival, consolation in the new socio-political environment. In his reflections, he indirectly predicted the usurpation of power by the Bolshevik Party, the establishment of its monopoly in the socio-political life and control over human thought, pointed to the transformation of the educated intelligentsia into laborers, noting that experiments in the countryside did not meet healthy agricultural pragmatism and productivity. The priest's reflections on the Ukrainian Orthodox Churches activities development depicted the church Ukrainianization issue, which was too harsh and uncompromising. It showed a high degree of conservatism and Russification of the clergy in southern Ukraine

Problem Statement and Purpose. The study has subregional nature and is devoted to a large region of Ukraine. During the study we focused on institutional and polit­ical variables in combination with other vectors of influence. The aim of the study is to compare the results of electoral sympathies of the population of Ukraine and the Western Ukrainian region with the prevailing trends on this issue in Europe. We took into consideration the elective territories of the Western Ukrainian region (9 units in total) at the level of administrative regions in terms of constituencies to identify the relationship between voting results and a wide range of variables that determine the regional socio-economic, historical and socio-cultural context.Our spatial multi-vector study was based on the analysis of the following variables: support for the "Sluha Narodu" party, support for other parliamentary parties in the elections of 2019, distribution of votes between center-right and liberal-center parlia­mentary parties, support / opposition of the so-called "old" and "new" parliamentary parties during the 2019 voting, as well as a spatial analysis of voter turnout.Data & Methods. The conducted research is based on the data of the Central Election Commission of Ukraine, including the data of different territorial levels of coverage (polling station - constituency - administrative region). In its course, methods of spa­tial analysis and differentiation, generalization and forecasting were used.Results. The results of the study showed an unconventionally low voter turnout, which is not typical for the studied region, significant fluctuations in support of the unprecedented election leader (the "Sluha Narodu" party), orientation for young par­liamentary parties as a hope for change of the inner state of the country. In general, the electorate of Western Ukraine should be considered quite pragmatic due to the significant support of the parties that entered parliament. The region was marked by significantly higher support for center-right parties, which is a traditional phenome­non for this territory, and generally lower support for unusual liberal views. ; Данное исследование имеет субрегиональный характер. При его изучении мы сосредоточились на институциональной и политической переменных в сочета­нии с другими векторами воздействия. Целью исследования является сопостав­ление результатов электоральных симпатий населения Украины в целом и За­падно-украинского региона с доминирующими тенденциями по этому вопросу в Европе. Мы сосредоточили внимание на территории Западно-украинского ре­гиона (всего 9 единиц) на уровне административных областей в разрезе избира­тельных округов, чтобы продемонстрировать взаимосвязь между результатами голосования и широким спектром переменных, определяющих региональный социально-экономический, исторический, социокультурный контекст. ; Пропоноване дослідження носить субрегіональний характер та присвячене великому регіону України. Нами розглядалася територія Західноукраїнського регіону (загалом 9 одиниць) на рівні адміністративних областей в розрізі ви­борчих округів, щоб виявити взаємозв'язок між результатами голосування та широким спектром змінних, що визначають регіональний соціально-економіч­ний історичний, соціокультурний контекст. Наше просторове багатовекторне дослідження було здійснено на основі аналізу наступних змінних: підтримка партії «Слуги народу», підтримка інших парламентських партій за результата­ми виборів 2019 року, розподіл голосів між право-центристськими та лібераль­но-центристськими партіями парламентського рівня, підтримка/протистояння так званих «старих» і «нових» парламентських партій в ході голосування 2019 року, а також просторовий аналіз явки виборців. Проведені дослідження ґрун­туються на даних Центральної виборчої комісії України, включали дані різних територіальних рівнів охоплення (виборча дільниця – виборчий округ – адміні­стративна область).

The main stages of becoming and evolution of the system of career guidance in Ukraine are analyzed in the article. The features of formation of the world labor market in accordance with the European historical periodization are considered. The prerequisites for the formation of a career guidance system determine the social, economic, political, cultural and value and other features of a particular stage of development of society, and, accordingly, the labor market in society on the issue of employment, the use of workers in social production. The origins of the career guidance system, pre-industrial, industrial, post-industrial stages of becoming a career guidance system in the world are characterized. The chronology of the development of the career guidance system in Ukraine in the aspect-historical retrospective for five periods is presented. The beginning of the 20's — the end of the 30's of the XX century — period of origin and formation of the system of career guidance in Ukraine (Ukraine within the USSR), search of forms and methods of career guidance, accumulation of experimental and practical material. The end of the 30s — 50s of the XX century — the period of episodic functioning of the career guidance system, the development of labor education, the small participation of scientists and specialists in career guidance of young people. The beginning of the 60's — 80's — formation of the system of labor training, active search for solving the problems of career guidance, increased attention of state institutions to the career guidance of young people, organization in the USSR of the All-Union career guidance system. 1984 — 1990 — formation of theoretical and organizational and methodological support for the development of the state service of career guidance in Ukraine (within the USSR). From 1990 to the present day the transformation of the "Soviet" system of career guidance, active scientific search for new forms and methods of career guidance in connection with new socio-economic conditions, reformation of the education system in the direction of profiling the secondary school. The necessity of developing a qualitatively new approach to the career guidance of young people in modern conditions is grounded in view of the radical changes in the labor market and the general features of social development. ; Проанализированы основные этапы развития и становления системы профессиональной ориентации в Украине. Рассмотрены особенности становления мирового рынка труда в соответствии с европейской исторической периодизацией. охарактеризованы истоки системы профессиональной ориентации, доиндустриальный, индустриальный, постиндустриальный этапы становления системы профессиональной ориентации в мире. Приведена хронология развития системы профессиональной ориентации в Украине в аспектно-исторической ретроспективе в период с начала 20-х годов XIX в. до сих пор. обоснована необходимость разработки качественно нового подхода к профессиональной ориентации молодежи к подготовке в современных условиях с учетом коренных изменений на рынке труда и общих особенностей развития общества. ; Проаналізовано основні етапи розвитку та становлення системи професійної орієнтації в Україні. Розглянуто особливості становлення світового ринку праці у відповідності до європейської історичної періодизації. схарактеризовано витоки системи професійної орієнтації, доіндустріальний, індустріальний, післяіндустріальний етапи становлення системи професійної орієнтації у світі. наведено хронологію розвитку системи професійної орієнтації в Україні в аспектно-історичній ретроспективі у період з початку 20-х років ХІХ ст. до сьогодні. обґрунтовано необхідність розробки якісно нового підходу до професійної орієнтації молоді до підготовки в сучасних умовах з огляду на докорінні зміни на ринку праці та загальні особливості розвитку суспільства.

In nowadays Ukrainian society, there are pretty many events at the intersection of conflict situations that require understanding, dialogue, and platforms to build connections between members of different social communities. One of the ecological ways of building dialogue is social theater.Each theater is inherently social, but we talk about free theatrical format aimed at public dialogue. In general, public dialogue is a dialogue between classes and social groups to reconcile their interests in the distribution of economic, political and cultural resources. In a specific definition, it is also the process of proclamation and converging positions so that to reach an understanding and making common decisions across different social groups.Modern forms of the social theater include playback (narrative theater), forum theater (oppressed, invisible, etc.), educational theater (medicine, pedagogy), therapeutic theater, theater in the proposed circumstances (prison theatre, Theatre of War Productions), performances (museum theater, improvisation). Mostly they are spontaneously organized by "amateur" theaters, which are founded by activists and enthusiasts. Their focus is on the dramatic events of individuals who represent invisible groups that have specific social problems.Thus, the general functions of the social theater can be divided into communicative, consolidating, cognitive, therapeutic, adaptive, rehabilitative, and creative.Judith Ackroyd talks about the dual purpose of social theater to promote changes in public opinion and behavior as well to encourage the public to the partnership. That is why it is hard to overestimate the role of social theater to get unity, cooperation, and activity. ; В связи с драматическими событиями, уходящими корнями в исторические реалии, в украинском обществе возникает много конфликтов и недопонимания, которые требуют диалога и платформ для налаживания связей между представителями различных сообществ. Одним из таких экологических способов построения диалога является социальный театр.Можно сказать, что каждый театр по своей природе является социальным, но мы говорим о свободном театральном формате, целью которого является открытый публичный диалог. В широком смысле, социальный диалог − это диалог между классами и социальными группами, которые занимают определенную позицию в социальном пространстве, в зависимости от экономических, политических и культурных ресурсов. В более узком понимании, это процесс определения собственных позиций и диспозиций разными социальными группами для достижения понимания и принятия общих решений.Современные формы социального театра включают в себя: playback (нарративный театр), форум-театр (театр «угнетенных», «невидимых» и т. д.), просветительский театр (сферы медицины, педагогики), терапевтический театр, театр в предлагаемых обстоятельствах (тюремный театр, театр военных произведений), перформансы (в музеях, на улицах и т.д.). В основном они представляют собой аматорские театры, которые основаны активистами и энтузиастами. Их фокус сосредоточен надраматических событиях людей, которые представляют уязвимые группы с определенными социальными проблемами. Джудит Акройд в своих лекциях говорит о двойной цели социального театра: способствовать изменениям общественного мнения и поведения, а также поощрять общественность к взаимодействию. Вот почему трудно переоценить роль социального театра в достижении единства, сотрудничества и активности.В целом, функции социального театра можно разделить на коммуникативные, консолидирующие, когнитивные, терапевтические, адаптивные, реабилитационные и творческие. ; У сучасному українському суспільстві відбувається забагато подій на перетині конфліктних ситуацій, що потребують порозуміння, діалогу та майданчиків для налагодження зв'язків між представниками різних соціальних спільнот. Одним із екологічних шляхів розбудови діалогу є соціальний театр. Він дає можливість групам, які не мають у суспільстві «голосу», бути почутими, подати свою версію подій, котра може відрізнятися від версії «більшості», висловити свої почуття крізь призму набутого досвіду.

Introduction. The article deals with the transformation of society as a holistic system. Atthecurrent stage of development of our country the issueso fintellectual potential, creation of modern intellectual and spiritu alenvironmentin Ukraine are very important. A signifi cantrole in solving this problemis played byeducation, and, moreover, university education, becaus eitdirectly affects the formation of the in telectualelite of society, forms the mentality and culture of society. In the era of the information society, education affects the status of the individual, promo tessocial mobility and creates equalle arning conditions; personal achieve mentsare determine dregardless of class, race, religion or gender. The absence of anyrestrictions generates a growing demand for education alservices by in creasing the number of education alinstitutions and expanding the scope of the iractivities. Researchinto the social problems of education in the information society is particularly importantasit make sitpossibleto identify the main problems and trendsin the development of the education system in modern society.Purpose. Conside rationof change sandpro cessestaking place in the modern Ukrainian society and identification of the signific ance and charact eristics of the functioning of the institution of education in the conditions of society transformation. Studying the features of the functioning of the social institution of education inmodern society, itisim portantto focusmainly on generalissue sofinter action between society and the university education system, to determineits place and rolein the social system.Methods. Inorderto achieve the goal, analytica land the oretical analysis, comparison, general ization oflitera rysour cesareused.Originality. Society requires new guidelines, the transformation of society should consistin defining itsidentity, over coming the amorphismin society. Education is animportants phere of people's life activities, in extricably linked with other importantsub systems of society (economic, political, etc.); the standard of society living, its development, cultura lachieve ments and values dependonit. Considering the peculiarities of functioning of the institution of education, itisappropriateto notethata key determinant of public lifein the information society is scientific know ledge.Conclusion. At the present stage of the statehood of our country, heissue of forming the foundations of the information society, in creasin gits in tell ectual potential, creating a modern Ukrainian intell ectualand spiritualenvironmentis becoming in creasing lyimportant. Education plays a sign ificantrolein solving thsissue, because eitaffects the spiritu alandmoralvalues of the individual, the mentaland cultural space of society.Dueto external in fluence sandinternalre forms, certaintr endsarefor medand manifested, track in gof whichis necess arytop redictfur ther development and opportunities, to analyze the short coming sandcal culate the necessary adjustments. ; В статье говорится о трансформации общества, как целостной системы. На современном этапе развития нашей страны актуальны вопросы интеллектуального потенциала, создание современной интеллектуально-духовной среды в Украине. Значительную роль в решении этой проблемы играет образование, причем, университетское, ибо оно непосредственно воздействует на формирование интеллектуальной элиты общества, формирует менталитет и культуру социума. ; В статті йдеться про трансформацію суспільства як цілісної системи. На сучасному етапі розвитку нашої країни все більшої актуальності набуває питання нарощування його інтелектуального потенціалу, створення сучасного українського інтелектуально-духовного середовища. Суттєву роль при вирішенні цього питання відіграє освіта, адже саме вона впливає на ментальний і культурний простір соціуму, яка формує інтелектуальну еліту суспільства, тобто самеу системі освіти формуються і проявляються певні тенденції, відстеження яких необхідне для прогнозування подальшого розвитку суспільства.