Suchergebnisse

Tim Dyson, A Population History of India: From the First Modern People to the Present Day (Oxford: Oxford University Press), 2018, 310 pp. (Price in India not stated.)

Background: Some studies have reported a positive parent–child association between physical activity (PA), but few have examined the di erence in these associations concerning both genders. The objective of this study was to establish the association between moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and mode of commuting (MC) of the parents with their children by gender and age group. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 686 mothers and fathers (43.4 6.5 years old) and their children (children 9.7 1.7 y. and adolescents 14.0 1.7 y.). Each participant completed a questionnaire on PA and MC. Chi-square test, odds ratio for categorical variables, and lineal regressions for continuous variables were used to examine the parent–child associations. Results: An inverse association was found between fathers–children in the weekend MVPA in children and between mothers–adolescents in out-of-school and weekend MVPA. An inverse association was found in MVPA between mothers-girls, and the di erent parents' MC to work was positively associated with the MC to school in children and adolescents except for the association AC parents–adolescents. The AC was mainly associated between mothers and girls and boys. Conclusions: A weak association in parent–child MVPA but a strong association in MC between parent–child was found. ; Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness ; European Union (EU) ; University of Granada Plan Propio de Investigacion 2016-Excellence actions: Unit of Excellence on Exercise and Health (UCEES) ; Junta de Andalucía, Consejería de Conocimiento, Investigación y Universidades, European Regional Development Fund SOMM17/6107/UGR ; Ministry of Education of Chile CONICYT PAI-MEC programme 2015 MEC 80150030 ; Postdoctoral programme "Becas Chile" 2019 from Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo de Chile (ANID)

AbstractWhat role did migration play in the making of modern Britain? We now have a good sense of how ethnicity, class, religion and gender structured immigrants' experience and what impact they had on Britain's culture, society and economy. But as Nancy Green pointed out almost two decades ago, scholars of migration must focus on exit as well as entry. Such a call to study 'the politics of exit' is especially apposite in the case of the UK. For in every decade between 1850 and 1980 (with the exception of the 1930s), the UK experienced net emigration year on year. This article analyses this outflow of migrants to reveal a new vision of the UK as an 'emigration state'. The article employs this concept to make a new argument about the formation of migration policy in the UK and offers a revised account of the geographical boundaries of the modern British state.

The article is dedicated to three Bulgarian historical works created at Athos in the second half of the 18th c. – "Slavo-Bulgarian History" by Saint Paisius of Hilendar, anonymous "Zograf History" and "Brief History of the Bulgarian Slav People" by monk-priest Spyridon of Gabrovo. By the author's opinion, these works, on the one hand, were born in the atmosphere of rivalry between the monasteries of Athos and their Greek, Bulgarian and Serbian clergy, and on the other, were actualised by the strengthening contacts of Hilandar and Zograf with Bulgarian lands. If the first affected the contents of the mentioned works, the second lead to sufficient enlargement of their audience, which, in its turn, became a precondition of the growing interest to the national history among the Bulgarian population of Rumelia in the first half of the 19th c.

The concept of innovation has entered a turbulent age. On the one hand, it is uncritically understood as 'technological innovation' and 'commercialized innovation.' On the other hand, ongoing research under the heading responsible research and innovation (RRI) suggests that current global issues require innovation to go beyond its usual intent of generating commercial value. However, little thought goes into what innovation means conceptually. Although there is a focus on enabling outcomes of innovation processes to become more responsible and desirable, the technological and commercial nature of these processes is rarely questioned. For these reasons, this paper poses the following research question: what concept of innovation is implicitly taken up by the RRI discourse and what implications does this concept have for the societal purpose of RRI? As a first step, we analyze the extent to which the concept of innovation in the RRI literature is uncritically presupposed to be technological. Subsequently, we examine the diverse meanings innovation has had over time and argue that while innovation originally had a political connotation it is only recently restricted to the meaning of technological innovation. We go on to show that even though the concept of technological innovation can contribute to the societal purpose of RRI, this requires certain conditions that are difficult to guarantee. Consequentially, we argue that future research should explore alternative understandings of innovation that better enable the overall feasibility of the emerging frameworks of RRI.

The concept of images of aging is discussed from different point of views, e. g. developmental psychology, theories of education, psychoanalysis, and history. By analyzing some examples of advertising, manifest and latent aspects of present images of old age are investigated. Deep hermeneutics as method of interpreting social and cultural phenomena is applied. It is pointed out that more and more juvenile idealizations pervade modern images of old age and aging.

The health of women of reproductive age is the basis for forming the health of new generations of the population. Reducing preventable mortality and morbidity of women with diseases that reduce their reproductive potential, as well as motivating them to lead a healthy lifestyle are urgent tasks in the field of strengthening the demographic potential of the country. The purpose of this work is to analyze themain indicators that characterize the health of women of reproductive age in Russia, as well as the characteristics of behavioral factors that affect the health of this category of population. The information base of the study was made up of the works of domestic and foreign authors, statistical data, and materials of selective observation of behavioral factors affecting the health of the population (for 2018), conducted by the Federal state statistics service. It is shown that, despite the improvement of individual indicators of health of women of reproductive age, an actual threat to it is an increase in the incidence of neoplasms and infertility. Analysis of sample observation data allowed to expand the number of problems identified in the statistics. It was found that different age groups of women of reproductive age have different combinations of behavioral factors that affect health. In the future, it is planned to expand the results obtained by adding an analysis of regional sociological research data.

Book reviewed in this article: Encounters with Aging: Mythologies of Menopause in Japan and North America. Margaret Lock. Old Age: Constructions and Deconstructions. Haim Hazan. Old Age in Global Perspective: Cross‐Cultural and Cross‐National Views. Steven M. Albert and Maria G. Cattell.

In terms of the sustainable livelihoods approach (SLA), sustainable livelihoods are achievable by the presence of five specific capital assets including human capital. This article shows that human capital needs to be expanded beyond education, training, skills and health. The research was conducted in one rural area of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Using triangulation as well as target and random sampling methods, the study aimed to: (1) identify the capital assets of the people in that area; (2) identify the barriers that they still faced in taking an active role in the local tourism economy after a few years of democracy, and (3) also identify the economic opportunities that the local people could exploit. During the research it was found that young people had clearer and profound views about their conditions than the rest of the community members in terms of age differences. Based on the interviews with different categories of local community members, the article argues that young people in particular have clearer views about their conditions of poverty and unemployment. The article concludes therefore that age is critically fundamental in the realisation of sustainable human capital. In this regard, biological age should form part of the human capital component of the SLA. DOI:10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n20p2533

This article summarizes how members of the European Healthy Cities Network have applied the 'healthy ageing' approach developed by the World Health Organization in their influential report on Active Ageing. Network Cities can be regarded as social laboratories testing how municipal strategies and interventions can help maintain the health and independence which characterise older people of the third age. Evidence of the orientation and scope of city interventions is derived from a series of Healthy Ageing Sub-Network symposia but principally from responses by 59 member cities to a General Evaluation Questionnaire covering Phase IV (2003–2008) of the Network. Cities elaborated four aspects of healthy ageing (a) raising awareness of older people as a resource to society (b) personal and community empowerment (c) access to the full range of services, and (d) supportive physical and social environments. In conclusion, the key message is that by applying healthy ageing strategies to programmes and plans in many sectors, city governments can potentially compress the fourth age of 'decrepitude and dependence' and expand the third age of 'achievement and independence' with more older people contributing to the social and economic life of a city.