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Emphasizing that e. government is becoming one of the attributes of globalization andmultilevel governance is influencing its development, the article analyses the initiatives of theEuropean Union (EU), European Commission (EC) and the Division for Public Administrationand Development Management of the United Nations Department of Economic and SocialAffairs, witch can be used for generalization of e. government development achievements and serveas a tool for its further development. The importance of the European Commission's strategicdocuments on information society development and periodically prepared studies on e. servicesin the European Union countries for e. government regional development is underlined. It is statedthat the United Nations reports on e. government development are an effective tool for globalcoordination of this development and they can help governments of different countries to determinee. government development trends and to take into account the good practices of other countries.

Nowadays global competition could be seen not only in corporate level, but also is exists among nations. Competition among nations is in following sectors – foreign investment, export and tourism. As there is competition between nations, regions and cities (as it is among corporations) there will be always need for methods to increase subject's competitiveness – this can be defined as a Competitive Identity (Porter 1998). Term Competitive Identity is used as broader expression of brand management for Nations, Cities and Regions. Higher marketing effort is needed for developing (emerging) nations, and nations without resources (natural or man made) representing absolute advantages. Nation branding has emerged relatively recently as an important field in the domain of international marketing. Anholt 2007 states marketing quality depends on all the national stakeholders (virtually society – people) working together in creating competitive identity. Media could be involved only after all the stakeholders speak one language about their country. Communication can't substitute positive change; it can only help change to happen faster. Latvian authorities too often start from the least efficient – communication. According to Nation Brands Index (NBI) and City Brand Barometer, Latvia and its capital Riga, shares one of the last places – 35 to 40th (depending on research type and year) place from forty among other nations and cities around the World.After regaining independence and collapse of almost all the industry, there was little left for positioning Latvia as a nation, so fanning for ice hockey was spontaneous and very convenient way for local people to speak common language about their nation. So the state became branded without any positioning effort, by people themselves. The message to the outside world was; ''we are small nation risen from the rubble, but we can be part of worlds elite either as players or also as supporters.'' In fact Latvian ice Hockey is among World's elite nations fluctuating between 7th and ...

After the Third Division of Lithuanian and Polish states almost the entire territory of the Lithuanian GreatKingdom was incorporated into the Russian Empire (except Uznemune that was devolved to Prussia). Lithuaniahas lost its lineament as a political society, therefore the citizens were alienated from the Western traditionof administration and law. After annexing Lithuania, Russia has initiated the reorganization of the administrative-territorial distribution of the occupied country as well as rehashing the former and creating the new administrativeinstitutions. While ruining the previous governance system the deployment of autocratic-centralizedmodel of state administration and law was started.

The article examines the post-communist Estonian, Latvian, Lithuanian, and Polish parliamentary elitesand their relations with the Soviet regime. Two dimensions of these relations are highlighted: retrospectively,negative political experience in the former political regime (membership in the CommunistParty and the nomenklatura) and positive credentials of being involved in the dissident movement. Thestudy is guided by hypotheses underlying revolutionary nature of post-communist transition and stressingachievements of the electoral politics, market reforms and liberal mass media. Research shows differentshares of ex-communist activists and ex-dissidents, as well as their asynchronous changes in the postcommunistparliamentary elites. Variations are related to different meta-histories of the nomenklaturas, thecommunist parties and dissident movement in the country cases and recent experiences of democratization.

The new case of transformations in the Baltic region and in the European Union in general, as well asthe unified social, economic and technological space formation processes in the Baltic region are describedand analysed. These processes are comprehended as an important factor of further social, economic andtechnological modernization in the Baltic countries, as an precondition for more intensive and active integrationof Baltic economic systems into the European and global economic and technological structures, aswell as an knowledge based society and knowledge economy creation factor.The arguments determining the idea of the Baltic region community and unity, as well as opposingarguments are evaluated. The main principles of integration in the Baltic region, as well as the possibleintegration strategies are analysed. The unified social, economic and technological space in the Balticregion as an research area is described.Raktaþodþiai: integracija, transformacijos, vieninga socialinë, ekonominë,technologijø raidos erdvë,Baltijos regionas

The article deals with the issues of Lithuanian labour market policy development from the restoration of independencein 1990 till 2008. In view of various factors impacting the situation in the labour market, the articleproposes stages of the labour market development that serve as a basis for their analysis and assessment. The stagesare defined in connection with changes in the labour market and management environment which impacts the employmentpolicy and are reflected in the implementation of the existing policy. According to the authors, for the purposeof the analysis, the analysed period might also be divided into other stages on the basis of other indicators (e.g., bythe dynamics of unemployment only, by wage developments, by adoption of legislation relevant to the labour marketpolicy, etc.).The article invokes scientific, methodological and statistical information to conduct a comparative analysis andassessment of analytical findings as well as to briefly present findings of the applied Expert Interview approach. Thestudy evidences that in 18 years the Lithuanian labour market policy has undergone a long road from the then poorlyunderstood national labour market and unemployment problem (resulting in passive labour market policy predominantlyfollowed at the first stage, underdeveloped system for reliable regulation of employment of local residents, insufficientattractiveness of labour market authorities for job seekers, eventually making most of them use the servicesof "unofficial labour market"), through EU pre-accession period and harmonisation of the Lithuanian labour marketpolicy with EU legislation, up to implementation of the common EU employment strategy.This article is the first attempt of such a kind to provide with an analytical assessment of the changes in the developmentof the labour market and peculiarities of its management in the independent Lithuania. The article containspractical and theoretical insights on changes in the labour market and prospects of the labour market policy.

Performance is one of the key terms of modern public administration. Most of reform proposals speak in one or another form of strengthening performance or of introducing new performance measures/instruments into public sector organizations. Traditional public administration is usually poor in offering stimulating job contents, particularly because of over-bureaucratized regulations and narrow decision-making competencies which limit the job autonomy of civil servants. In contrary, implementing performance appraisal into public personnel management makes job more attractive regarding to career perspectives (clear and secure promotion) and extra payments for outstanding performance.

The paper aims to evaluate the main features of the creation and development of the integral culturalspace in Europe and the main problems of provision of equal rights in the context of the transitionprocesses in the Central and Eastern Europe. The paper has used the outcomes of the researchconducted over the recent several years, dedicated to the diagnostics of the problems of transformationsas well as economic and social development in Central and Eastern Europe with a special referenceto the development of the integral cultural space and human rights. Major findings show that thecreation and development of the integral cultural space in Europe is a very complex and controversialprocess and in this course various problems and conflicts arise. Therefore, to encourage the creationof the integral cultural space in Europe appropriate cultural policies are necessary to be implemented.These policies may embrace many priorities including: the preservation of cultural diversity,adaptation and dissemination of integrated European dimensions, elimination of inappropriate factorswithin humanism and democracy of all European countries, provision of equal rights in all groups ofmodern society. For implementation of key priorities of cultural policies the use of a number of pan-European scale special programmes is suggested.

This article is aimed at describing a system of society governance by indicating its constituent parts-levels ofgovernance, stages of governance and layers of governance. Governance at the regional layer is characterized as acombination of allocation of governing functions, which are assigned to different groups, among different types ofthe subjects of territorial governance. Using a theoretical model a current system of public governance in Lithuaniaas well as its layer of regional governance is characterized. Having considered the tendencies of reforms at theregional layer of governance, which have presently shown up in European countries, as well as the models ofgovernance at the regional layer existing in other countries, a system (provisions and versions) how to reform thegovernance of higher territorial units (counties) of Lithuania in the years 2005–2011 is presented.

Based on participant observation and interviews conducted in Barcelona during 2017 and 2018, this article presents the case of the citizen participation process «Rethink the 22@» as an inspiring public policy for civic deliberation. While there are several studies which explore citizen participation as a complement to governance in representative democracies, there is still very little research looking at the implementation of the deliberative processes and even less focussed on urban planning. This paper seeks to contribute to this vacuum. In the decade of the 90', the emergence of «global cities» restricted urban governance to the interests of capital investment. In the 2010s' a factual combination of the collapse of the real estate market and the emergence of the 15M provided a fertile ground for the implementation of direct democracy activities. In 2017, the Barcelona City Council approved a new Regulation for Citizen Participation which promotes the deployment of participatory processes. Within this regulation «Rethink the 22@» is the only participatory process dedicated to urban planning. This article considers this process to be a relevant reference due to its quantity and plurality of participation, for its deliberative methodology, and for its urban extension and multiplicity interests involved. ; Este artículo estudia el caso del proceso participativo «Repensemos el 22@» en tanto que política pública inspiradora para la deliberación ciudadana, a partir de la observación participante y entrevistas en Barcelona durante el 2017-2018. La participación ciudadana como complemento de la gobernanza en democracias representativas ha sido objeto de investigación como mecanismo de profundización deliberativa. No existe, en cambio, una extensa implantación en el diseño institucional, y aun menor es su existencia en el planeamiento urbano. En la década de los 90', la emergencia de las «ciudades globales» restringió la gobernanza urbanística a los intereses de los capitales de inversión, pero en la década de 2010', a nivel español, con el contexto post-crisis inmobiliaria y el impacto del 15M empiezan a extenderse prácticas participativas. En 2017 el Ajuntament de Barcelona aprobó un nuevo Reglamento de Participación Ciudadana que impulsa la convocatoria de procesos participativos, pero sólo se reconoce el «Repensemos el 22@» como proceso deliberativo sobre planeamiento urbano. En el artículo se identifica este proceso como referencia de relevancia por su cantidad y pluralidad de participación, por su metodología, y por su extensión urbana objeto de debate y de múltiples intereses.

In the modern world, the Internet representation of an organization has long ceased to be a fashionable trend, but has become a significant form of communication dictated by the requirements of time. The effectively organized work of the Internet representation helps to inform about the results of activities and achievements, to form image, to establish communication and feedback, affordable, prompt service and liaison. In the conditions of information competition, it is especially important for scientific organizations to be present in the Internet space. Conventionally, Websites are considered as the Internet main representation. A relatively new type of the Internet representation are pages in social networks, including those of scientific libraries and research institutes. Despite the common tasks and related functions, they have a number of differences and advantages over each other. It is proposed in the study to consider profiles of scientific organizations and author profiles on scientific platforms (Web of Science, Scopus, ORCID, RSCI, ScienceID, ResearchGate, Google Scholar and others) as a specialized type of the Internet representations. Unlike websites and social networks, they are aimed only at specialists in the scientific field. The purpose of the work is to determine whether the profile of the organization and the author's profile of the scientist is a kind of the Internet representation. The article considers approaches to understanding the Internet representation, types, tasks and criteria characteristic of all types of the Internet representations, the definition of the "Internet representation" has been formulated. Scientific profiles have been analyzed from the viewpoint of their compliance with the tasks and criteria of the Internet representative offices. The role of the scientific library in the formation of the Internet representations of scientific organizations has been determined.

The article discusses the issues of conducting authorship diagnostic studies in order to identify the gender of the anonymous text author. The concept of gender is considered as a conventional social construct, comprising the ideas about culturally conditioned model of masculinity or femininity, which are currently accepted by Russian society. The corpus of more than 1 000 written texts of mainly political discourse, written by people with different gender affiliations, serves as the material that enables to justify the possibility of application quantitative analysis method, based on frequency characteristics of semantically independent words, belonging to lexical-and-grammatical classes of words: pronouns, particles, prepositions, conjunctions and parenthesis. The method under consideration is aimed at identification and analyzing unevident implied signs, which can't be revealed whilst superficial analysis. Frequent, persistent occurrence of these signs in the texts of political discourse enables to regard them as highly informative quantitative characteristics of written speech of the authors belonging to different gender groups. It is stated, the results of application the quantitative model of author's gender identification,
represented in the paper, are more reliable if they are used in combination with traditional linguistic model, which presupposes the analysis of linguistic, speech, textual, semantic, psycholinguistic and social characteristics of texts. The article outlines the prospects of speech diagnostics of a person on the basis of gender for the development of author's forensic examination.

The Polish education law indicates foremostly local government entities(communes, counties, self-governing provinces) as subjects entitled to found andrun schools and public institutions. The Statute of 7 September 1991 on EducationSystem (further referred to as SES) enumerates tasks of local administration in education.Moreover, it constitutes a basis for the division of educational tasks betweenlocal government units on particular levels.The objective of the article is to demonstrate legal solutions and the role of selfgovernmentadministration in performing educational tasks which manifest in managingand founding schools and education institutions. Also important general issuesconcerning the essence, sources and methods of public task performance by administeringentities are the subject of analysis