Suchergebnisse

After the Third Division of Lithuanian and Polish states almost the entire territory of the Lithuanian GreatKingdom was incorporated into the Russian Empire (except Uznemune that was devolved to Prussia). Lithuaniahas lost its lineament as a political society, therefore the citizens were alienated from the Western traditionof administration and law. After annexing Lithuania, Russia has initiated the reorganization of the administrative-territorial distribution of the occupied country as well as rehashing the former and creating the new administrativeinstitutions. While ruining the previous governance system the deployment of autocratic-centralizedmodel of state administration and law was started.

The article examines the post-communist Estonian, Latvian, Lithuanian, and Polish parliamentary elitesand their relations with the Soviet regime. Two dimensions of these relations are highlighted: retrospectively,negative political experience in the former political regime (membership in the CommunistParty and the nomenklatura) and positive credentials of being involved in the dissident movement. Thestudy is guided by hypotheses underlying revolutionary nature of post-communist transition and stressingachievements of the electoral politics, market reforms and liberal mass media. Research shows differentshares of ex-communist activists and ex-dissidents, as well as their asynchronous changes in the postcommunistparliamentary elites. Variations are related to different meta-histories of the nomenklaturas, thecommunist parties and dissident movement in the country cases and recent experiences of democratization.

The new case of transformations in the Baltic region and in the European Union in general, as well asthe unified social, economic and technological space formation processes in the Baltic region are describedand analysed. These processes are comprehended as an important factor of further social, economic andtechnological modernization in the Baltic countries, as an precondition for more intensive and active integrationof Baltic economic systems into the European and global economic and technological structures, aswell as an knowledge based society and knowledge economy creation factor.The arguments determining the idea of the Baltic region community and unity, as well as opposingarguments are evaluated. The main principles of integration in the Baltic region, as well as the possibleintegration strategies are analysed. The unified social, economic and technological space in the Balticregion as an research area is described.Raktaþodþiai: integracija, transformacijos, vieninga socialinë, ekonominë,technologijø raidos erdvë,Baltijos regionas

The article deals with the issues of Lithuanian labour market policy development from the restoration of independencein 1990 till 2008. In view of various factors impacting the situation in the labour market, the articleproposes stages of the labour market development that serve as a basis for their analysis and assessment. The stagesare defined in connection with changes in the labour market and management environment which impacts the employmentpolicy and are reflected in the implementation of the existing policy. According to the authors, for the purposeof the analysis, the analysed period might also be divided into other stages on the basis of other indicators (e.g., bythe dynamics of unemployment only, by wage developments, by adoption of legislation relevant to the labour marketpolicy, etc.).The article invokes scientific, methodological and statistical information to conduct a comparative analysis andassessment of analytical findings as well as to briefly present findings of the applied Expert Interview approach. Thestudy evidences that in 18 years the Lithuanian labour market policy has undergone a long road from the then poorlyunderstood national labour market and unemployment problem (resulting in passive labour market policy predominantlyfollowed at the first stage, underdeveloped system for reliable regulation of employment of local residents, insufficientattractiveness of labour market authorities for job seekers, eventually making most of them use the servicesof "unofficial labour market"), through EU pre-accession period and harmonisation of the Lithuanian labour marketpolicy with EU legislation, up to implementation of the common EU employment strategy.This article is the first attempt of such a kind to provide with an analytical assessment of the changes in the developmentof the labour market and peculiarities of its management in the independent Lithuania. The article containspractical and theoretical insights on changes in the labour market and prospects of the labour market policy.

Performance is one of the key terms of modern public administration. Most of reform proposals speak in one or another form of strengthening performance or of introducing new performance measures/instruments into public sector organizations. Traditional public administration is usually poor in offering stimulating job contents, particularly because of over-bureaucratized regulations and narrow decision-making competencies which limit the job autonomy of civil servants. In contrary, implementing performance appraisal into public personnel management makes job more attractive regarding to career perspectives (clear and secure promotion) and extra payments for outstanding performance.

The paper aims to evaluate the main features of the creation and development of the integral culturalspace in Europe and the main problems of provision of equal rights in the context of the transitionprocesses in the Central and Eastern Europe. The paper has used the outcomes of the researchconducted over the recent several years, dedicated to the diagnostics of the problems of transformationsas well as economic and social development in Central and Eastern Europe with a special referenceto the development of the integral cultural space and human rights. Major findings show that thecreation and development of the integral cultural space in Europe is a very complex and controversialprocess and in this course various problems and conflicts arise. Therefore, to encourage the creationof the integral cultural space in Europe appropriate cultural policies are necessary to be implemented.These policies may embrace many priorities including: the preservation of cultural diversity,adaptation and dissemination of integrated European dimensions, elimination of inappropriate factorswithin humanism and democracy of all European countries, provision of equal rights in all groups ofmodern society. For implementation of key priorities of cultural policies the use of a number of pan-European scale special programmes is suggested.

This article is aimed at describing a system of society governance by indicating its constituent parts-levels ofgovernance, stages of governance and layers of governance. Governance at the regional layer is characterized as acombination of allocation of governing functions, which are assigned to different groups, among different types ofthe subjects of territorial governance. Using a theoretical model a current system of public governance in Lithuaniaas well as its layer of regional governance is characterized. Having considered the tendencies of reforms at theregional layer of governance, which have presently shown up in European countries, as well as the models ofgovernance at the regional layer existing in other countries, a system (provisions and versions) how to reform thegovernance of higher territorial units (counties) of Lithuania in the years 2005–2011 is presented.

Based on participant observation and interviews conducted in Barcelona during 2017 and 2018, this article presents the case of the citizen participation process «Rethink the 22@» as an inspiring public policy for civic deliberation. While there are several studies which explore citizen participation as a complement to governance in representative democracies, there is still very little research looking at the implementation of the deliberative processes and even less focussed on urban planning. This paper seeks to contribute to this vacuum. In the decade of the 90', the emergence of «global cities» restricted urban governance to the interests of capital investment. In the 2010s' a factual combination of the collapse of the real estate market and the emergence of the 15M provided a fertile ground for the implementation of direct democracy activities. In 2017, the Barcelona City Council approved a new Regulation for Citizen Participation which promotes the deployment of participatory processes. Within this regulation «Rethink the 22@» is the only participatory process dedicated to urban planning. This article considers this process to be a relevant reference due to its quantity and plurality of participation, for its deliberative methodology, and for its urban extension and multiplicity interests involved. ; Este artículo estudia el caso del proceso participativo «Repensemos el 22@» en tanto que política pública inspiradora para la deliberación ciudadana, a partir de la observación participante y entrevistas en Barcelona durante el 2017-2018. La participación ciudadana como complemento de la gobernanza en democracias representativas ha sido objeto de investigación como mecanismo de profundización deliberativa. No existe, en cambio, una extensa implantación en el diseño institucional, y aun menor es su existencia en el planeamiento urbano. En la década de los 90', la emergencia de las «ciudades globales» restringió la gobernanza urbanística a los intereses de los capitales de inversión, pero en la década de 2010', a nivel español, con el contexto post-crisis inmobiliaria y el impacto del 15M empiezan a extenderse prácticas participativas. En 2017 el Ajuntament de Barcelona aprobó un nuevo Reglamento de Participación Ciudadana que impulsa la convocatoria de procesos participativos, pero sólo se reconoce el «Repensemos el 22@» como proceso deliberativo sobre planeamiento urbano. En el artículo se identifica este proceso como referencia de relevancia por su cantidad y pluralidad de participación, por su metodología, y por su extensión urbana objeto de debate y de múltiples intereses.

In May 1944, at the age of 33, the lawyer and writer Ottó Kornis was crammed into a cattle car in his native Transylvanian town, Kolozsvár (in Romanian: Cluj; after 1974: Cluj-Napoca) with 72 of his fellow Jewish citizens, his parents included. They were deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau. His parents were murdered upon arrival. Out of all the passengers in that cattle car, only he and four other Jews survived the hell of the death and forced labour camps. As soon as he returned home, he wrote a book about his experience titled Smoke ( Füst), which was published in November 1945 in Cluj by the Minerva Literary and Printing Institute and was one of the very first books about the Nazi camps. The present study deals with Kornis' career and fate from the early years of his youth until his death at the age of 38, only four years after the end of the war. It is a microhistory that explores the career and work of a celebrated and award-winning, then completely forgotten author. His life story reveals the central problems that preoccupied most of the survivors who returned from the Nazi camps to multi-ethnic Transylvania; it also helps to document the literary memorialisation of the Holocaust during the early post-war period.

On November 19, 2014, a panel of experts convened at Ryerson University to discuss the consequences of recent developments in Canada's immigration and settlement policies. These developments have been summarized in the RCIS Working Paper A Critical Review and Assessment of Canada's Fast Changing Immigration Policies by Lotf Ali Jan Ali. The panel consisted of Ratna Omidvar, Executive Director of the Global Diversity Exchange; Morton Beiser, Professor of Distinction in Psychology; Gil Lan, Assistant Professor, Ted Rogers School of Management; and Naomi Alboim, Adjunct Professor at Queen's University School of Policy Studies. The panel was chaired by Academic Director of RCIS, Harald Bauder. In this Research Brief, we summarize the main points of the discussion.¹ ; Nyagano-Manungo, Barrass, Pekic. (2015). Canada's changing immigration policies: report on panel discussion. Toronto: Ryerson Centre for Immigration and Settlement.

The Polish education law indicates foremostly local government entities(communes, counties, self-governing provinces) as subjects entitled to found andrun schools and public institutions. The Statute of 7 September 1991 on EducationSystem (further referred to as SES) enumerates tasks of local administration in education.Moreover, it constitutes a basis for the division of educational tasks betweenlocal government units on particular levels.The objective of the article is to demonstrate legal solutions and the role of selfgovernmentadministration in performing educational tasks which manifest in managingand founding schools and education institutions. Also important general issuesconcerning the essence, sources and methods of public task performance by administeringentities are the subject of analysis

Possibilities for the development of new forms of economic, social and technological headway designed to create and further improve economies based on knowledge & innovation are analyzed here.The main emphasis is put on national and regional economic specialization and creation of new networks of clusters in the situation of the development of the European Union. We have found that clusterization oriented towards the increase of efficiency of various national and regional economies is a critical precondition for successful creation of modern economy based on knowledge & innovation, both in the whole space of the European Union and particular countries.Another idea - a concept of creation of regional and cross-regional clusters and their networks also known as "economic oasis" - is suggested here. It is explained in the paper that in the economies based on knowledge development of clusters and their networks will soon become one of the core forms of economic and technological advancement. The authors of scientific research present the object of which has been creation of the knowledge based economy in the situation of the enlargement of the European Union. The objective of the completed research has been the proof of the fact that key priorities for creation of the knowledge based economy is the urge of technological advancement and enhancement of compatibility and productivity using such opportunities as specialization of national and regional economies, creation of clusters and their networks, as well as the development of so called economic "oases" and hyper-clusters in the entire economic space of the European Union. The main result of the completed research is the concept of strategies oriented towards integration and synthesis, the basis for which is the universal principle of "creation of a new quality": we should utilize this principle in elaborating and implementing the strategies for creation of knowledge based economy in the European Union. Key tasks of our completed research have been the ...

At present the gender equality and its policy is an important element and a priority in labour market of European Union (EU) and European Employment Strategy (EES). The right to equality opportunities in the labour market to all women and men is one of the most fundamental principles of a modern society in European Union (EU), including Lithuania labour market. Different theoretical approaches to equality in the society are based on culture, political, social values and economic development in the country. The paper analyzes the gap between women and men in labour market. The gap in one fi eld of life (labour market) is related with other fi elds (education, services) and might have an impact on them. The effects of these gaps may be passed from one generation to the next.The article discusses the relationships between labour market and economical growth and later checks how the theory proved itself in the case of Lithuania. Economical growth is one of the main concerns of nowadays economical science, because the economical growth of any country increases the welfare of its citizens.The aim of the research is to determine and characterize women and men equality in Lithuania labour market and to show its relationships with economical growth in the context of European integration.Research methods applied are the comparative analysis of women and men equality in labour market in European Union and Lithuania based on the synthesis of offi cial European Community publications, scientifi c literature and systematic data analysis as well as identifi cation of gender equality dimensions using questionnaire in Lithuania.

The article deals with five attributes of the NGO–municipal relations: institutionalization, intensity, functionality,mutual trust and resource dependence. A theoretical model of NGO–local government relations was formedon the basis of those characteristics. The model is based on normative assumption that institutionalized,intensive, functional, based on mutual trust and in terms of resource independent NGO–municipal relationssustain local democracy.The survey conducted in municipalities of Vilnius city and Ukmerg district revealed that interaction betweenmunicipalities and NGO' s is limited by those major obstacles which is possible to distinguish into three majorproblem groups:• Intolerant attitude of municipal representatives towards NGO;• The lack of activity of NGO' s and citizens in general;• Different attitudes towards cooperation among representatives of municipalities and NGO's which negativelyaffects functionality of interaction.The identified problem groups have proximate relationship, where the first problem group (the attitude ofmunicipal representatives) has an impact on the third one (functionality of cooperation) and the second problemgroup (NGO activity), as research results suggest, may have impact on the first and third problem groups. Theresearch identified differences of interaction between municipalities and NGO' s in Vilnius city and Ukmergëdistrict, it was revealed that NGO' s are more independent and forms of their activities are more varied in Vilniusthan in Ukmergë district. Some problems that cause obstacles to the NGO-municipal interface are closely relatedto the work specifics of non-governmental and municipal organizations as well as civic culture, social psychologyand mentality of the inhabitants of Lithuania.

This paper investigates local government budgeting and local debt with three preoccupations(i) the existence of any legal requirement for a local balanced budget,(ii) a possible control from higher government levels on local budgeting and borrowing and(iii) the implementation of the Maastricht convergence criteria for local public finance.The framework of discussion is given in six sections. The introductory section recalls two issues, Maastrichtand recurring public deficits, which give the general background to the paper. Ten key issues are formulated insection 2. Owing to the heterogeneity of the accounting systems of local finance in Europe, some common definitionsare necessary and are given in section 3. Section 4 presents a sequence of six questions with the intent ofassessing the degree of budget discipline in the particular country. Questions about how the budgetary rules influencethe budgetary position and the fiscal outcome of the communes in one country are presented in section 5.Tentative results are discussed in section 6.