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Each "new technology" inflicts "new violence" on its subjects. Following Marshall McLuhan's argument, this article outlines a theoretical frame for thinking about the relationship between violence and the media. Focusing on Stanley Milgram's experiment mentioned by McLuhan in his essay "The Violence of the Media," it argues that violence not only is conveyed or represented by that medium but resides in the medium itself. Media add violence to our already violent culture not only by their content but by the very fact of their facticity. This raises the political question of the positioning of subjects toward, as well as by, the media and the epistemological question of what the object of media studies is.

Reflecting on how media literacy has changed in the United States in recent years, this article argues that the field has shifted from an emphasis on media to an emphasis on literacy. The result is a change in practice that makes more pedagogical sense than media literacy conceived of as an ideological or political movement.

On subjects from Superman to rock 'n' roll, from Donald Duck to the TV news, from soap operas and romance novels to the use of double speak in advertising, these lively essays offer students of contemporary media a comprehensive counterstatement to the conservatism that has been ascendant since the seventies in American politics and cultural criticism. Donald Lazere brings together selections from nearly forty of the most prominent Marxist, feminist, and other leftist critics of American mass culture-from a dozen academic disciplines and fields of media activism. The collection will appeal to a wide range of students, scholars, and general readers

Media plays a constructive role in any society. It is rightly dubbedas the catalyst in social transformation. This social transformation isonly possible with awareness and proper education. Mass media asrightly pointed out by Marshall McLuhan are 'extensions of man'.This is true because media as a tool, transfer information, ideas to itsviewers, readers and listeners and there by enhance humans ability tocommunicate messages and spread knowledge which are pivotal forany society's overall development. The study assumes significancefor the fact that it aims to study how media can play a role inperforming the role of a catalyst in the society where poverty andunequal political power influence the lives of the common people. Inthis direction, it becomes imperative for the journalists who aresteering the responsibility to spread awareness to understand thevarious perspectives of Right to Education to create awareness aboutuniversalization of education in India. Through this survey analysisthe researchers trie to evaluate the impact of orientation cum workshopheld in Tumkur in Karnataka on rural journalists. The study is animpact analysis of workshop on journalists to perceive the level ofawareness and sensitivity on issues like RTE- Right to Education toachieve universalization of education to reach the children of poorand underprivileged in the society. Further, the study throws insightinto the potentialities of journalists working for rural media to increasemedia intervention in promoting social agenda.

The article examines how multi-ethnic publics negotiate questions of legitimacy. It explains the deep public scepticism surrounding the Iraq war (2003) and subsequent security policy, not just in terms of declining trust in Prime Minister Tony Blair and in the news media, but as a corrosive 'legitimacy deficit' with significant implications for the prospects of participatory democracy and multicultural citizenship. The arguments are grounded in a collaborative ethnography of news audiences across the UK, including multilingual and multi-ethnic ones. Using a Weberian framework, the article analyses the patterning of interviewees' responses to the justifications given for going to war, and it assesses the implications of the 'legitimacy deficit' for notions of security and UK security policy.

Today, no one can deny the impact of mass media on social change in our contemporary world. However, in parallel with their technical development, moral grievances have paradoxically multiplied, not to call them into question in a radical way, but to bring out the deep and complex nature of their relationship to the creation and shaping of a social bond of ten meaningless. The interest of a critique of the mass media thus emanates from the fact that the frenzy of their technical evolution which has grafted itself, as well on the utopia of the communication as on the democratic ideal, creates a type of social alienation and psychological based on the idea of consuming the world as a spectacle and the spectacle as a world.

Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Note on Transliteration -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- Chapter 2: Extremism in a Multifaceted Revolutionary Age -- 2.1 Iraq in Turmoil -- 2.2 Syria: A Distorted Uprising -- 2.3 Radical Islam Under Scrutiny: Rise of ISIS and al-Hashd al-Shaabi -- 2.4 Recruitment and Mobilization -- Chapter 3: Jihād, Salafi-Jihadism, and Sectarianism -- 3.1 Salafi-Jihadism -- 3.2 Sectarianism -- Chapter 4: Media Landscape in a Changing Middle East -- 4.1 Freedom, Sectarianism, and Extremism in the New Media -- 4.2 Mediatized Extremism -- Chapter 5: Discourse: Theory and Practice -- 5.1 Media Discourse and Digitalization -- 5.2 Discursive Ideologization -- 5.3 Manipulation -- 5.4 Data Set and Selection Strategy -- Chapter 6: Media Discourse in Syria and Iraq -- 6.1 Syrian Media Discourse -- 6.1.1 Pro-Government Media -- 6.1.2 Pro-Opposition Media -- 6.1.3 Pro-Kurdish Media -- 6.2 Iraqi Media Discourse -- 6.2.1 Pro-Shia Government Media -- 6.2.2 Pro-Sunni Opposition Media -- 6.2.3 Pro-Kurdish Media -- 6.3 Ideologization, Manipulation, and Sectarianization Within the Syrian and Iraqi Media Discourse -- Chapter 7: Radical Islamists in the Digital Era: A Multifaceted Extremist Discourse -- 7.1 ISIS Discourse -- 7.1.1 Ideologization Within ISIS Discourse -- 7.1.2 Manipulative Strategies in ISIS Discourse -- 7.2 Al-Hashd al-Shaabi Discourse -- 7.2.1 Ideologization Within the Discourse of al-Hashd al-Shaabi -- 7.2.2 Manipulative Strategies in al-Hashd al-Shaabi Discourse -- 7.3 Sectarian Extremism in the Manipulative and Ideological Discourse of ISIS and al-Hashd al-Shaabi -- Chapter 8: Conclusions: Discursive Practices by Sectarian-Guided Propaganda Machines -- 8.1 Incubators of Extremism: Media Discourse in Syria and Iraq -- 8.2 Evolution of Extremist Discourse in the Heart of the Middle East.