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Current international development policies promote both free markets and democratic states through privatization and decentralization programs. Building on T.H. Marshall's concept of citizenship, this article examines how these programs have affected the rights associated with citizenship in Bolivia since 1993 when the administration of President Gonzalo Sänchez de Lozada introduced a broad set of economic and political reforms. His administration sold state firms that had accounted for 50% of government revenues at the same time as it adopted a new constitution that recognized the multicultural and pluri‐ethnic nature of Bolivian society. His administration also began decentralization programs in government, health and education that transferred 20% of national revenues, as well as the responsibility for providing services, to municipal governments. I show how current development practice has strengthened a neoliberal citizenship regime in which civil rights associated with ownership of private property, and political rights associated with formal democracy and representation, have been promoted at the expense of social rights associated with access to health, education and welfare.Actuellement, les politiques de développement internationales favorisent à la fois les marchés libres et les états démocratiques par des programmes de privatisation et décentralisation. A partir du concept de citoyenneté de T.H. Marshall, l'article examine comment ces programmes ont affecté les droits liés à la citoyenneté en Bolivie depuis 1993, date à laquelle le gouvernement du Président Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada a lancé un vaste train de réformes économiques et politiques. Il a vendu des entreprises publiques qui avaient représenté 50% des recettes de l'Etat, tout en adoptant une nouvelle constitution reconnaissant la nature multiculturelle et pluri‐ethnique de la société bolivienne. De plus, il a entamé des programmes de décentralisation au niveau du gouvernement, de la santé et de l'éducation, cédant aux autorités municipales 20% des revenus nationaux et la responsabilité de la fourniture de services. Ainsi, le développement actuel a renforcé un régime de citoyenneté néo‐libéral où les droits civils relatifs à la propriété privée, et les droits politiques relatifs à la représentation et la démocratie officielles, ont été avantagés au détriment des droits sociaux liés à l'accä%s à la santé l'éducation et l'aide sociale.

The expansion of digital technologies and social media in Indonesia shifts practices of citizenship from a formal institutional level toward a more informal digital space. This paper presents the emerging results of research on digital citizenship in Banten, Indonesia, focusing on how new forms of citizenship are brought into being through digital acts that are defined as speech acts uttered through the use of social media. The paper follows digital acts of citizens in anti-corruption campaigns against the patrimonial and clientelistic regime of Banten's political dynasty that are predominantly staged on Facebook and other online platforms. These digital acts produce and intensify affective publics through which forms of digital citizenship are enacted in opposition to the corrupt dynasty.

This book offers a ground-breaking analysis of how women's movements have been remaking citizenship in multicultural Europe. Presenting the findings of a large scale, multi-disciplinary, cross-national feminist research project, FEMCIT, it develops an expanded, multi-dimensional understanding of citizenship as practice and experience. Remaking Citizenship pays particular attention to processes of racialization and minoritization as they impact upon, and construct, citizenship and women's movements in contemporary Europe. The book develops answers to two vital questions ₆ what difference have women's movements and feminism made to experiences and practices of citizenship, and how can we assess the state of citizenship in contemporary Europe from the perspective of women, particularly minoritized women? This book will be appreciated by scholars and students of citizenship, social movements, race and ethnicity, and feminism and gender theory from a wide range of disciplines, including sociology, social policy, political science, history and anthropology.

The memorandum rescinds the June 15, 2012 memorandum entitled Exercising Prosecutorial Discretion with Respect to Individuals Who Came to the United States as Children, which established the program known as Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA). For the reasons and in the manner outlined below, Department of Homeland Security personnel shall take all appropriate actions to execute a wind-down of the program, consistent with the parameters established in this memorandum. ; U.S Citizenship and Immigration Services

AbstractThis paper explores citizenship requirements for entry to practice regulated professions historically in four Canadian provinces. It reviews how common citizenship restrictions have been in Canadian professions, when and where they were implemented, and what rationales were provided for these restrictions. Findings provide support for both Weberian social closure theory which sees such restrictions as the product of professional lobbying, and state‐centred explanations which hold that states regulate professions to facilitate governance. Many citizenship restrictions were historically implemented by state actors. The decline of citizenship restrictions reflects not only changing social attitudes, but changes in state‐profession relations in Canada.

Digital citizenship is becoming increasingly normalized within advanced democratic states. As society and governmental institutions become reliant on digital technologies, citizens are expected to be and act digitally. This article examines the governance of digital citizens through a case study of digitalization efforts in Denmark. Drawing on multiple forms of data, the article showcases how digital citizens are governed through a combination of discursive, legal and institutional means. The article highlights the political, but also institutional work that goes into making citizens digital. Providing this case study, the article contributes to current critical perspectives on the digital citizen as a new political figure. It adds new insights into digital citizenship by connecting this figure to wider processes of neoliberalization and state restructuring, pushing for a more pronounced focus on governmental practices.

At the turn of the twentieth century, an emerging consumer culture in the US promoted constant spending to meet material needs and develop social identity and self-cultivation. In 'Sold American', Charles McGovern examines the key players active in shaping this cultural evolution: advertisers and consumer advocates. He argues that even though these two professional groups invented radically different models for proper spending, both groups propagated mass consumption as a specifically American social practice and an important element of nationality and citizenship

Der Aufsatz wirft im Zusammenhang mit der Charta zur Demokratie- und Menschenrechtsbildung einige Fragen auf die sich im Zusammenhang mit dem europäischen Konzept der Demokratiepädagogik und mit dem von der EU lancierten Paradigma der Aktiven Bürgerschaft stellen. Anhand ausgewählter Beispiele aus europäischen politischen und wissenschaftlichen Debatten wird verdeutlicht, dass die so genannte Theorie des "Sozialen Kapitals" als das zentrale demokratietheoretische Paradigma hinter diesen Entwicklungen steht. Der Autor gelangt zu dem Fazit, dass: (1) in den Dokumenten des Europarats und denen der EU eine enge Verbindung zwischen Politischer Bildung und Menschenrechtsbildung hergestellt wird, (2) eine aktive Bürgerschaft im Kontext einer europäischen Citizenship Education als zivilgesellschaftliches bürgerschaftliches Engagement verstanden wird und dass sich damit (3) für die politische Bildung in Deutschland die Herausforderung stellt, die eher demokratiepädagogische europäische Theorie und Praxis auf ein politisches Verständnis von Partizipation zurückzuführen. (ICB).

Der Aufsatz wirft im Zusammenhang mit der Charta zur Demokratie- und Menschenrechtsbildung einige Fragen auf die sich im Zusammenhang mit dem europäischen Konzept der Demokratiepädagogik und mit dem von der EU lancierten Paradigma der Aktiven Bürgerschaft stellen. Anhand ausgewählter Beispiele aus europäischen politischen und wissenschaftlichen Debatten wird verdeutlicht, dass die so genannte Theorie des "Sozialen Kapitals" als das zentrale demokratietheoretische Paradigma hinter diesen Entwicklungen steht. Der Autor gelangt zu dem Fazit, dass: (1) in den Dokumenten des Europarats und denen der EU eine enge Verbindung zwischen Politischer Bildung und Menschenrechtsbildung hergestellt wird, (2) eine aktive Bürgerschaft im Kontext einer europäischen Citizenship Education als zivilgesellschaftliches bürgerschaftliches Engagement verstanden wird und dass sich damit (3) für die politische Bildung in Deutschland die Herausforderung stellt, die eher demokratiepädagogische europäische Theorie und Praxis auf ein politisches Verständnis von Partizipation zurückzuführen. (ICB)

In his multicultural citizenship Will Kymlicka offers a liberal theory of minority rights. I argue that although his theory is ingenious, it is seriously defective. Since liberalism itself is a specific culture, a liberal theory of multiculturalism is logically incoherent. Kymlicka makes the further mistake of thinking that all cultured communities conceptualise and relate to culture in an identical manner. His discussion of the rights of immigrants rests on a flawed understanding of the nature of immigration, and is highly questionable.

Social Movements, Queer and Citizenship: Exploring Theoretical Intersections Political, Legal and Cultural Change in Southern Europe LGBT Activism, Politicians and Political Change Legal Change and the Juridification of LGBT Activism News is Power: Activism, the Media and Cultural Change Overcoming the Dichotomy: The Syncretic Activist Approach Conclusion: what Difference Do Social Movements Make? References Appendix: The Portuguese Case Study

Introduction: Sarbeswar Sahoo & Paul Chaney -- SECTION 1: CIVIL SOCIETY & GENDER RIGHTS -- 1. Civil Society, Gender and Citizenship Rights: Complexities and Challenges Facing the Women's Movement in Today's India: B. Rajeshwari -- 2. Women's Rights and Social Movements in Bangladesh: The Changing Political Field: Seuty Sabur -- SECTION 2: CIVIL SOCIETY & MINORITIES -- 3. Defending Religious Freedoms in India: Civil Society Mobilization, Constitutional Values and Equal Citizenship: Rita Manchanda -- 4. Political Failure and the Suffering of Stateless 'Non-Citizens' : Civil Society Perspectives on the Rohingya Crisis: Paul Chaney -- SECTION 3: STATE & CIVIL SOCIETY RELATIONS -- 5. Autonomy of the Civil Space? Understanding State-Civil Society Relationship in Post-Colonial India: Sarbeswar Sahoo -- 6. The State, NGOs and Civil Society in Bangladesh: Exploring Diverse Trajectories of Interaction: M. Saiful Islam & Md. Fouad Hossain Sarker -- Conclusion: Paul Chaney & Sarbeswar Sahoo.