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The author argues that religious history is underestimated in its importance for World- and Global history. This book offers ten examples from a wide range of religious beliefs which show that developments in religion have far reaching consequences for general history.

Purpose
The National Council for the Social Studies (2014, 2017) has called for increased attention to religion in social studies curriculum. A small but growing body of research has examined the preparation of social studies teacher candidates to teach about world religions, but critical questions remain. The purpose of this paper is to explore the question: what is the experience of the secondary social studies teacher candidate as he/she teaches about religion in a high school, world history course?


Design/methodology/approach
This study employed a phenomenological approach to examine the experiences of six teacher candidates as they endeavored to teach about world religions through a two-semester, intensive internship.


Findings
Findings, drawn from individual interviews with the candidates, suggest that their efforts to teach about religion were marked by fears, worries and concerns. Additionally, candidates understood their personal religious identities and experiences as significant influences on their experience teaching about religion. Finally, candidates experienced several features of their internship as key supports in their efforts to teach about religion.


Originality/value
This paper concludes with a series of recommendations for strengthening the preparation of social studies teacher candidates to teach about religion in public school settings.

Based on Construal-level theory, this study hypothesized that self-actualization positively relates to employees' taking charge, and self-actualization affects creative performance and normal performance through taking charge positively, but the effect is different. The authors selected a cross-sectional design to investigate interrelations amongst study variables at two different time points with the interval of one month, and surveyed 417 team members and 186 immediate team leaders in the banking sector in Pakistan. The authors used individual-level data to evaluate the validity and test the proposed relationships by using Mplus. They revealed that self-actualization affects taking charge positively, and taking charge mediated the relationship with the difference in effect e.g. taking charge has high effect on creative performance in comparison to normal performance. The outcomes carry important implications aimed at increasing high-level self-actualization that results in taking charge, and so on leads to creative and normal performance.

Recent appreciation for emotional labor draws attention to employees who work "with heart" to deliver public services. This article reports an investigation of the relationship between emotional labor and service outcomes. The survey sample is drawn from caseworkers of the Florida Network of Youth & Family Services. The Florida Network is the main youth service provider in Florida and has approximately 200 caseworkers who help troubled, runaway youth. To measure service outcome, workers' self-report of their emotion work skills is compared to client satisfaction scores. Findings indicate that clients rate higher levels of satisfaction when services are provided by caseworkers who feel capable and comfortable performing emotion work. This research moves us a step further in understanding the linkage between individual performance, emotion work, and public service delivery. It is argued that emotion work skills should be included in job descriptions and performance appraisals for human service jobs.

In the United States it is widely believed that public assistance may have harmful effects on the social and political orientations of those who receive it. Certain kinds of government support - particularly welfare - may foster a 'culture of dependence' comprising values and beliefs that are different from, and perhaps contrary to, the predominant American political culture. We examine the relationship between government assistance and public opinion using survey data taken from the 1992 CPS National Election Study. Our empirical results show that welfare benefits do have some effect on issue attitudes. But recipients of public aid are virtually identical to nonrecipients in terms of their core values, reactions to the political system and general beliefs about American society. There is no evidence that a distinctive 'culture of dependence' has developed among people who rely on financial support from the federal government. (British Journal of Political Science / FUB)

AbstractThis research investigates individual and contextual differences underlying postdissolution friendships by considering communication with former romantic partners among individuals in new romantic relationships. Two studies demonstrate the prevalence, determinants, and implications of former partner communication for the current relationship. Study 1 showed that approximately 40% of individuals in relationships communicate with a former partner and highlighted differences between those who communicate and those who do not. Study 2 factor analyzed reasons why people communicate with former partners and examined how the reasons are differentially associated with current relationship functioning. In general, results support the notion that under certain circumstances and for certain individuals, communication with former partners can have deleterious influences on one's current relationship.

Turkey and the United States have been critically important to each other since the beginning of the Cold War, although their relationship has faced a rocky road in the aftermath of developments following 9/11. Because scholarship on its roots has been relatively limited, Americans and Turks, as well as others who focus more generally on geopolitical alliances, would profit from an in-depth understanding of a history that spans the period from the beginning of the 19th century to the end of t...

AbstractPeer victimization can negatively impact emotion regulation in youth and is associated with harmful mental health outcomes. One protective factor against the impacts of peer victimization is a strong attachment to family and positive peer relationships. Given that pets are commonly seen as family members and that youth report turning to their pet for emotional comfort, companion animals could provide an avenue of support for youth experiencing victimization. A geographically diverse sample of 5725 adolescents in the United States from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study® was used to explore whether the relationship between peer victimization and emotion regulation was moderated by whether a pet lives in the home. Having a pet in the home did not moderate the relationship between peer victimization and emotion regulation; however, mean‐level differences were present across types of household pet (i.e., youth with no pets, youth with at least one dog, and youth with non‐dog pets). Participants who did not live with a companion animal showed higher levels of both maladaptive emotion regulation (expressive suppression) and adaptive emotion regulation (cognitive reappraisal), suggesting that having a pet might lower overall emotion regulation pathways regardless of adaptive directionality. Relational victimization was a significant predictor of expressive suppression regardless of whether there was a pet in the home, although overt victimization was not a predictor of either kind of emotion regulation. This research demonstrates the complex nature of human–animal relationships and suggests more research is needed to understand the nuanced relationship between pets, peer victimization, and emotion regulation.

AbstractThis article continues the discussions of relational ethics put forward in Human Arenas in "Arena of Ethics" (Hilppö et al., 2019). Our aim in this article is to explore and discuss relational ethics, as ethics-in-action, in a long-term research relationship with a child. Our question is: How is ethics-in-action negotiated during critical incidents in the construction of a research space that involves a long-term research relationship with a young child? This article is based on a research project that focused on children's transitions in early childhood education and care (ECEC). These transitions include the transition from home care to ECEC as well as transitions from child groups or settings to other ECEC groups or settings, and the transition to pre-primary education. We apply a particular lens to the corpus of data, analyzing and reflecting critical incidents vis-à-vis a negotiation of ethics-in-action during the construction of our research space, which involved a long-term research relationship with a child. Our results show that critical incidents in our study's negotiation of ethics-in-action included (a) the focus child's spontaneous contributions to the study's interviews, (b) interdependencies between the child and diverse researchers, and (c) the child's evolving expertise in data collection, which restructured our study's research space. We conclude that ethical questions cannot be separated from the mutually constituted relationships or socio-spatial context in where they emerge; thus, they are relationally and spatially embedded.

"Secular Societies, Spiritual Selves brings together ethnographic research to address how the overlaps and differentiations between spirituality, secularity and religion are gendered. The book examines how 'spirituality' has emerged as a relatively 'silent' category with which people signal that they are looking for a way to navigate between the categories of the religious and the secular, and considers how this is related to, explicitly or implicitly, gendered ways of being and self-constitution. The contributors discuss the intersections between spirituality, religion and secularism in different geographical areas, ranging from the Netherlands, Portugal and Lithuania to Canada, the United States and Mexico. Exploring the spiritual experiences of women and their struggle for a more gender equal way of approaching the divine, the chapters also examine the experience of men and of those who challenge binary sexual identities advocating for a queer spirituality. This volume will be of interest to scholars of the anthropology and sociology of religion as well as religious studies and gender studies"--

Historically, immigrants from different parts of the world were welcomed to Britain and at times even seduced into coming to live and work here. However, when their population increased, or other issues of the time were connected to their presence in the country, political and public concerns began to emerge in relation to demographics, health, the economy and crime.2 This paper will explore the temporal aspects of connecting foreign nationals to different non-immigration criminal offences by tracking the historical role of immigration policy and political debates in immigrant criminality in order to understand the background to this issue, which has predominated on the political discourses and immigration policy changes. The historical journey this article takes will shed some light on the economic and social restrictions placed on foreign nationals' activities, and the role of public sentiment and media coverage in connecting foreign nationals to non-immigration criminal offences with a special focus on the criminality of the Irish in the UK.