Dottorato di ricerca in Memoria e materia dell'opera d'arte attraverso i processi di produzione, storicizzazione, conservazione e musealizzazione ; Questo studio ha lo scopo di rileggere la produzione degli anni Sessanta di alcune artiste di neoavanguardia, ponendola a raffronto con la feminist art degli anni Settanta. Un ambito di ricerca ancora poco indagato dalla critica italiana, che solo negli anni Novanta ha registrato il tentativo di reinterpretare le poetiche di neoavanguardia da una prospettiva di genere. La tesi si articola in due parti. Nella prima si traccia il profilo generazionale di dodici artiste nate tra il 1930 e il 1940 (Marina Apollonio, Dadamaino, Giosetta Fioroni, Laura Grisi, Elisabetta Gut, Lucia Di Luciano, Lucia Marcucci, Cloti Ricciardi, Ketty La Rocca, Grazia Varisco, Nanda Vigo e Simona Weller) cofondatrici di gruppi o esponenti dei maggiori movimenti di neoavanguardia degli anni Sessanta, e a oggi riconosciute e acclamate dalla critica. La ricerca indaga con un taglio sociologico il loro contesto cetuale e culturale di appartenenza, le tappe della loro formazione e le strategie di realizzazione professionale e familiare. L'analisi evidenzia le numerose idiosincrasie della condizione femminile con cui le artiste italiane devono fare i conti durante la lunga fase di gestazione del neofemminismo. L'ambiguità insita nel loro percorso di donne e di artiste ne fa dei soggetti ancora ben inseriti nella società patriarcale del secondo dopoguerra, ma anche delle figure di rottura rispetto alle generazioni femminili precedenti. La seconda parte della tesi introduce la nozione di opera «proto-feminist», attraverso cui si tenta di chiarire se e in che misura la produzione di neoavanguardia abbia anticipato temi e costanti espressive della feminist art degli anni Settanta. Infatti, pur in assenza di contatti diretti con le colleghe internazionali e di legami con i movimenti di emancipazione, la produzione delle artiste si differenzia da quella degli uomini in virtù di una prospettiva di genere più o meno marcata e dialoga con quella di artiste internazionali grossomodo coetanee ed esponenti dirette o indirette della feminist art. I casi di studio considerati, riconducibili a due aree tematiche di riferimento (la ricerca identitaria e l'interpretazione della realtà), rintracciano nella produzione italiana alcuni tòpoi della corrente feminist, quali la politicizzazione del privato, la contestazione degli stereotipi di genere, l'estetizzazione della ritualità domestica e la messa in discussione delle gerarchie sociali ed estetiche. In definitiva la posizione occupata dall'Italia nella storia dell'arte femminista si rivela significativa quanto singolare e apre a un più articolato dibattito sulle molteplici radici estetiche del movimento internazionale. ; The aim of the present research is to provide a new interpretation of the work of Italian women artists in the Sixties, establishing a comparison with the Feminist art of the Seventies. The art of the Italian women artists is a very particular subject, which appears to have been neglected for a long time by Italian experts, who have adopted a gender perspective to investigate neo-avant-garde only from the early Nineties onwards. This PhD thesis is divided in two parts. The first part outlines the portrait of a generation: twelve Italian women artists born between 1930 and 1940 (Marina Apollonio, Dadamaino, Giosetta Fioroni, Laura Grisi, Elisabetta Gut, Lucia Di Luciano, Lucia Marcucci, Cloti Ricciardi, Ketty La Rocca, Grazia Varisco, Nanda Vigo and Simona Weller) who were founders or exponents of neo-avant-garde groups and major art movements during the Sixties, and are now recognized and celebrated as important artists. Therefore the research looks from a sociological point of view at the social and cultural milieu, the stages of educational careers and the strategies for professional and family success. Such an analysis points out many inconsistencies that Italian women had to confront with throughout the long period of emancipation preluding the advent of the Feminist movement. On this background Italian women artists proved to act rather ambiguously, as while they were still well integrated in a patriarchal society, they rejected more and more strongly the mind-set of the previous female generations and brought forward feminist ideas. The second part of the thesis introduces the notion of «proto-feminist» work, as a conceptual tool to evaluate whether, how and when the women of the Sixties may have anticipated forms and themes of the Feminist art. As a matter of fact, notwithstanding the scarcity of Feminist collectives in Italy and contacts with the international scenario, the production of the women artists differentiate itself from the men's one by virtue of a more or less overt gender quality, bearing also a direct or indirect resemblance with works by contemporary Feminist artists from abroad. The Italian case studies, grouped in two thematic areas (The search for identity and The interpretation of reality), reveal specific Feminist art's features, i.e. the politicization of the private life, the challenging of gender stereotypes, the aestheticism of domestic roles and the questioning of social and aesthetic hierarchies. In conclusion, Italy has played a significant and exceptional position in the Feminist art history; a position which requires a more comprehensive debate on the aesthetic roots of the Feminist movement.
"耽美"来源于日本,是以女性读者群为主要受众、描写男性与男性之间浪漫关系或性关系的文学或艺术作品,也被称为BL(Boy's Love)。喜爱耽美的女性爱好者被称为"腐女"。耽美文化自1990 年代后期随着日本流行文化进入中国,至今已在中国网络空间中逐渐发展成为一个主要由女性网民所组成的,包含文本创作、阅读与交流的文化圈。与此同时,耽美文化的流行亦引发了中国当下种种对性与性别问题的思考。 ; 本研究将耽美文化解译为"女性幻想男男之爱"的欲望结构,从精神分析幻想理论与酷儿理论的视角来考察中国网络中的耽美文化现象。论文所围绕的一个问题是,耽美文化与中国社会文化中的性/别话语产生了怎样的关系,以及如何从腐女的耽美幻想中搭建起与现实性/别政治的联系。研究首先分析了两类网络耽美小说文本,分别来看它们与1990年代以后的"男同性恋"身份话语,和2000年代以后对"中国古典文化"想象之间的吸收、挪用与再创造;其次以网络腐女圈的论坛讨论与配对狂欢为对象,研究网络耽美式恶搞对官方媒体、主流男性形象和异性恋规范的权威所潜在的颠覆性;最后以2011年一桩"腐女被抓案"新闻报道为契机,来观察耽美文化与网络淫秽色情审查的纠葛、冲突与可能的出路。 ; 欲望幻想的流动性决定着它边界的模糊与开放,以及它承载、影响乃至侵扰"现实"秩序的功能。因此,作为一种女性的男性同性情欲幻想,本研究视耽美文化最引人注目的地方不在于其本身的出现与流行程度,而在于它与各种性/别话语的相互建构与矛盾冲突。此外,在对幻想文本、网络话语以及腐女群体的调查中,本研究也期待探索某种"酷儿"政治在中国网络文化中生产的可能性。 ; Boy's love (BL in short; danmei in Chinese) is a Japanese term for female-oriented fictional media, which focuses on love, sex and romance between beautiful androgynous boys or young men. Apart from the gay self-representations, BL is a genre of male homoeroticism by and for mostly heterosexual women. In China, the BL fans call themselves "Fu Nu", which means "rotten girl", to describe their enthusiasm for fantasizing male homosexuality. BL originated from Japanese amine, comic and game youth culture, and has since become a transnational phenomenon all over the world with a global fan base. As such, the phenomenon of boy's love had already aroused a lot of discussions in relation to ideologies of gender and sexuality from different cultural and social perspectives. BL fandom in China's culture context with its "Chinese characteristics" also deserves particular attention, when it opens up a fantastic space for Chinese woman to practice their sexuality beyond non-heterosexual norms. ; However there is limited work that considers the queer sexuality of female BL fans in China, in relation to the queer texts and queer discourses they create. There is also little research that explores the capacity of boy's love netizens to resist the on-going internet surveillance by the Chinese government of information deemed 'sexually inappropriate' ...
Author's introductionOver the last 20 years, there has been a technological advance and commercial boom in genetic technologies and projects. These developments include a renewed scientific interest in the biological status and genetic constitution of race. This aspect of genetic research is of interest to sociologists and others working in the field of race and ethnicity studies. While the consensus among sociologists is that race is a social construction with no biological foundations, innovations in genetic research have pushed sociologists and other social scientists to reflect upon the ways in which ideas of biology mediate everyday understandings of race. Anthropologists, cultural geographers and sociologists have begun to study the complex and ambivalent ways in which laypeople think about the biological and genetic constitution of racial identities. Central to this area of inquiry has been analysis of laypeople's engagements with the new reproductive technologies, such as IVF. In addition, social scientists have begun to study laypeople's uses of genealogical technologies that claim to trace family ancestries, including racial descent and ethnic origins. Ultimately, such studies enable a deeper understanding of the social construction of 'race', and in the course of so doing provide an important research avenue to challenge racism.Author recommendsWade, Peter 2002. Race, Nature and Culture: An Anthropological Perspective. London: Pluto Press.In this book, Peter Wade argues that anthropological studies of kinship provide a lens to think about how ideas of nature and culture mediate the formation of racial identities. Drawing upon studies from within anthropology, Wade contends that an increasing emphasis upon the 'gene' at the everyday level does not necessarily signify a growing genetic/biological determinism in laypeople's conceptions of race and human nature. Rather, he suggests anthropological studies that explore the biological and social 'origins' of persons can be deployed to unpack 'everyday' understandings of the relationship between ideas of 'race', 'nature' and 'culture'. In his review of anthropological approaches to the study of 'race', Wade (2002, 15) writes that, 'People…move between the biological and the social, the given and the developing, the permanent and the changeable, in ways that blur the boundary between them'.Skinner, D. 2006. 'Racialized Futures: Biologism and the Changing Politics of Identity.'Social Studies of Science 36: 459–88.In this paper, David Skinner examines sociologists' and scientists' reflections on the social and ethical implications of recent research on race and genetics. He argues research on race and genetics has led to both utopian and dystopian visions of the future: 'one in which scientific racism is revived, the other in which science finally abolishes race thinking'. Skinner contends that detailed critical attention needs to be paid to existing notions of relatedness, personhood and nature/culture, to understand the implication of genetic science on racial thinking.Franklin, S. and S. Mckinnon (eds) 2001. Relative Values: Reconfiguring Kinship Studies. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.This book provides a collection of articles that represent the diversity of perspectives that constitute the 'new kinship studies' within anthropology. Chapters by Kath Weston, Charis Thompson and Signe Howell focus explicitly upon how ideas of biology, blood and culture mediate the formation of racial identities within everyday and popular discourses. In this vein, Thompson explores how kinship ideologies become reconfigured by people who take‐up the opportunities offered by the new reproductive technologies, for example, ova and sperm donation. In so doing, Thompson's study illuminates the ways in which these recent clinical practices have opened a space for anthropologists to examine how ideas about biogenetic and social relatedness within families and across generations become intersected with ideas about the inheritance of ethnic and racial identities.Wade, Peter (ed.) 2007. Race, Ethnicity and Nation: Perspectives from Kinship and Genetics. Oxford: Berghahn, New York.This book brings together a collection of essays written by scholars who worked collaboratively for 3 years exploring everyday articulations of race, ethnicity and genetics across Europe in the face of innovations in genetic science. The book draws upon a rich array of anthropological studies of 'assisted reproduction, transnational adoption, mixed‐race families, Basque identity politics and post‐Soviet nation‐building' to explore how ideas of race, ethnicity, nation and nature are lived and experienced by people within differing European social contexts.Tyler, Katharine, 2009. 'Whiteness Studies and Laypeople's Engagements with Race and Genetics.'New Genetics and Society 28 (1): 36–48.In this paper, Tyler proposes a research strategy for examining laypeople's thoughts and reflections on innovations in the science of race and genetics. While some sociologists have shown a reluctance to engage in such discussions, Tyler argues that social scientists need to take such views seriously. To do this, the paper brings together an anthropological approach to the study of scientific literacy and recent scholarship in the field of Whiteness studies. The combining of these literatures raises a set of interesting and sometimes uncomfortable questions about the ways in which social scientists and research participants contribute to the reproduction of White power and dominance in Western societies.Online materials'Ten commandments' of race and genetics issued, Science in Society http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn14345‐ten‐commandments‐of‐race‐and‐genetics‐issued.html This website describes 10 'guiding principles' for the scientific community in relation to research on race and genetics. These principles were written by a multidisciplinary group including geneticists, psychologists, historians and philosophers. At the end of the principles are reflections from readers of the New Scientist. Motherland: A Genetic Journey, BBC Documentary, Director Archie Baron; Producer Tabitha Jackson http://www.rootsforreal.com/motherland_en.php The programme analysed the DNA of 228 Black African Caribbean descent men and women living in the United Kingdom. The research participants were selected on the criteria that they had two generations of paternal and maternal grandparents that were of Black African Caribbean descent. Twenty‐six percent of the Black male participants were told that their Y chromosome, inherited through the male line, traced them back to a European ancestor. The tests also showed that mitochondria DNA that is inherited through the maternal line affiliated many of the research participants with ancestors from African tribal groups. The documentary follows the journeys of three research participants who used their newly acquired genetic kinship to interrogate either their Black/African or their White/European ancestry, depending on which aspect of their identity was important to them. In this regard, the viewer is left with the impression that an individual's DNA can be objectively coded, separated and divided into its racially distinct component parts. However, when the research participants embarked on their journeys to forgotten African and Caribbean ancestral home‐places, they unexpectedly discovered the entanglement of White and Black people's colonial histories and origins. In this way, knowledge of genetic ancestry when combined with social relationships and history can be put to work to undermine the idea of racially pure lines of descent within families.'Roots for Real, your ancestry discovered' http://www.rootsforreal.com/?gclid=CNbs86LYu5kCFQ00QwodliIP6A 'Roots for Real' is a commercial organisation that offers a DNA tracing service, as used in the BBC programme, Motherland, to the general public. Deploying an 'at home saliva test', this service promises to analyse individual's maternal and paternal ancestry, and match it with the company's database of samples from all over the world. A map is sent to the genealogist (i.e. the client) estimating the location of the client's ancestral origins. The website includes links to testimonies from people who have used this site, press coverage of this service and a description of 'ancient migrations'.'African American Lives 2' http://www.pbs.org/wnet/aalives/ This website accompanies Professor Henry Louis Gates, Jr, television series that traced famous African American people's ancestries back to slave times. The research deploys the same kinds of genealogical techniques used in the Motherland experiment, as well as archival and historical research. Gates' guests include Tina Turney, Morgan Freeman and Maya Angelou. The website provides information about the television series, video clips from the series, including interviews with famous African Americans, background on the scientific and scholastic research, and resources for people to learn more about their own family history and genealogy.'Oxford Ancestors Ltd' http://www.oxfordancestors.com/ Oxford Ancestors was the first provider of DNA‐based services in the UK. The founder is Professor Bryan Sykes, a geneticist at Oxford University. Through the use of a saliva test, Sykes claims to be able to trace an individual's European maternal ancestry back to one of seven 'clan mothers', who are ultimately all related to 'Mitochondrial Eve' the original mother. Catherine Nash has written extensively about the gendered and ethnic meanings embedded within the work of Bryan Sykes in the following article: Nash, C. 2004 'Genetic Kinship.'Cultural Studies 18: 1–33.Sample syllabusOverview of the courseThis course introduces students to the contemporary debates in the sociological and anthropological study of race, ethnicity and racism. Historical material, social theories and ethnographic studies will be used to illustrate the social construction of race and ethnicity and the reproduction of racial power in western societies.Lecture 1 – Meanings of race and ethnicityWhat is race? What is ethnicity? How do race and ethnicity relate to racism? The era post‐1945, it has been argued, marked a shift from 'biological racism' to 'cultural racism' in which culture, rather than biology, forms the reference point for defining identities previously seen as racial. We consider to what extent such a shift has actually taken place. We shall also examine the ways in which this shift corresponds with a change in social policy and academic debates from the use of the term 'race' to 'ethnicity'.Anthias, F. and Yuval‐Davis 1992. Racialised Boundaries. Routledge.Barker, M. 1981. The New Racism: Conservatives and the Ideology of the Tribe. Junction Books.Goldberg, D. T. 1993. Racist Culture: Philosophy and the Politics of Meaning. Blackwells.Malik, K. 1996. The Meaning of Race. New York University Press.Wade, P. 2002. Race, Nature and Culture. Pluto Press.Post‐race: The end of race?Lecture 10 – Interracial IdentitiesWith a marked rise in the number of children of mixed parentage, there is a growing body of literature that explores the experiences and identities of the members of interracial families. This body of literature challenges simplistic understandings of 'race', nation and culture through an interrogation of what it means to be the parent of mixed‐race children and/or to grow up and claim a 'mixed' identity.Ali, S. 2003. Mixed‐Race, Post‐Race. Berg.Alibhai‐Brown, Yasmin 2001. Mixed Feelings: The Complex Lives of Mixed‐Race Britons. The Women's Press.Brah, A. and Coombes, A. 2000. Hybridity and its Discontents. Politics, Science and Culture. Routledge (see Part 1 of this book titled 'Miscegenation and Racial Purity' that include essays by Stoler, Labanyi, Phoenix and Owen, Treacher).Frankenberg, R. 1993. White Women, Race Matters: The Social Construction of Whiteness. Routledge (chapter 5).Howell, S. 2001. 'Self‐Conscious Kinship: Some Contested Values in Norwegian Transnational Adoption', in Franklin, S. and Mckinnon, S. (eds), Relative Values: Reconfiguring Kinship Studies. Duke University Press.Ifekwunigwe, J. 1999. Scattered Belongings: Cultural Paradoxes of 'Race', Nation and Gender. Routledge.Parker, D. and Song, M. 2001. Rethinking 'Mixed Race'. Pluto Press.Root, M. (eds) 1992. Racially Mixed People in America. Sage.Tizard, B. and Ann Phoenix 1993. Black White or Mixed‐Race? Race and Racism in the Lives of Young People of Mixed Parentage. New York: Routledge.Twine, F. W. 2000. 'Bearing Blackness in Britain: The Meaning of Racial Difference for White Birth Mothers of African‐Descent Children.' Pp. 76–108 in Ideologies and Technologies of Motherhood: Race, Class, Sexuality, Nationalism, edited by H. Ragone and F. W. Twine. Routledge.Tyler, K. 2005. 'The Genealogical Imagination: The Inheritance of Interracial Identities.'The Sociological Review 53 (3): 475–94.Wilson, A. 1987. Mixed Race Children: A Study of Identity. Allen and Unwin.Zack, N. (ed). American Mixed‐Race: The Culture of Microdiversity. Rowman and Littlefield Pub.Lecture 12 – Race, genealogy and geneticsRecent research into human genetics has probed the relationship between human characteristics and the meaning of racial difference. Some social critics have warned that such research will heighten racist attitudes, whereas others argue that the new genetic research opens the way to a post‐racial future. In this lecture, we shall examine this debate and in doing so inquire into the interpretations that laypersons might hold of the relationship between race, genetics and human nature.Brodwin, P. 2004. 'Genetics, Identity and the Anthropology of Essentialism.' Pp. 116‐122 in Mixed Race Studies: A Reader, edited by J. O. Ifekwunigwe. London: Routledge.Condit, C. M, et al. 2002. 'Lay Understandings of the Relationship Between Race and Genetics: Development of a Collectivized Knowledge Through Shared Discourse.'Public Understandings of Science 2: 373–87.Cross, K. 2001. 'Framing Whiteness: The human Genome Diversity Project (As Seen on TV).'Science as Culture 10 (3).Essed, P. and D. T. Goldberg 2002. 'Cloning Cultures: The Social Injustices of Sameness.'Ethnic and Racial Studies 25 (6).Franklin, S. and Ragone, H. 1998. Reproducing Reproduction: Kinship, Power and Technological Innovation. University of Pennsylvania Press.Franklin, S. and Mckinnon, S. 2001. Relative Values: Reconfiguring Kinship Studies. Duke University Press.Gilroy, P. 2000. Between Camps: Nations, Cultures and the Allure of Race. Penguin.Haraway, D. 2000. 'Deanimations: Maps and Portraits of Life Itself.' in Hybridity and its Discontents. Politics, Science and Culture, edited by A. Brah and A. Coombes. Routledge.Inhorn, M. C. 2000. 'Missing Motherhood: Infertility, Technology, and Poverty in Egyptian Women's Lives.' in Ideologies and Technologies of Motherhood: Race, Class, Sexuality, Nationalism, edited by H. Ragone and F. W. Twine. Routledge.Marks, J. 2001. 'We're Going to Tell These People Who They Really Are,' in Relative values: Reconfiguring Kinship Studies, edited by S. Franklin and S. Mckinnon (eds). Duke University Press.Moore, D., Kosek, J and Pandian, A. 2003. Race, Nature and the Politics of Difference. Duke University Press.Nash, C. 2002. 'Genealogical Identities.'Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 20.Nash, C. 2004. Genetic Kinship. Cultural Studies 18: 1–33.Palsson, G and Haroardottir, K. E. 2002. 'For Whom the Cell Tolls.'Current Anthropology 43 (2).Reardon, J. 2001. 'The Human Genome Diversity Project: A Case Study in Coproduction.'Social Studies of Science 31 (3).Ragone, H. 2000. 'Of Likeness and Difference: How Race is Being Transfigured by Gestational Surrogacy.' in Ideologies and Technologies of Motherhood: Race, Class, Sexuality, Nationalism, edited by H. Ragone and F. W. Twine. Routledge.Steinberg, D. L. 2000. "Reading Genes/Writing Nation: Reith, 'Race' and the Writings of Geneticist Steve Jones." in Hybridity and Its Discontents. Politics, Science and Culture, edited by A. Brah and A. Coombes. Routledge.Skinner, D. 2006. 'Racialized Futures: Biologism and the Changing Politics of Identity.'Social Studies of Science 36: 459–88.Skinner, D. 2007. "Groundhog Day? The Strange Case of Sociology, Race and 'Science'."Sociology 41: 931–44.Thompson, C. 2001. 'Strategic Naturalising: Kinship in an Infertility Clinic.' in Relative Values: Reconfiguring Kinship Studies, edited by S. Franklin and S. Mckinnon. Duke University Press.Tyler, K. 2007b. "Race, Genetics and Inheritance: Reflections Upon the Birth of 'Black' Twins to a 'White' IVF Mother." Pp. 33–51 in Race, Ethnicity and Nation: Perspectives from Kinship and Genetics, edited by Peter Wade. Berghahn Books.Tyler, K. 2009. 'Whiteness Studies and Laypeople's Engagements with Race and Genetics.'New Genetics and Society, 28 (1): 35–48.Tyler, K. 2008. 'Ethnographic Approaches to Race, Genetics and Genealogy.'Sociology Compass, 2 (6): 1860–77.Wade, P. 2002. Race, Nature and Culture: An Anthropological Perspective. Pluto Press.Wailoo, K. 2003 'Inventing the Heterozygote: Molecular Biology, Racial Identity and the Narrative of Sickle‐Cell Disease, Tay‐Sachs and Cystic Fibrosis.' in Race, Nature and the Politics of Difference, edited by D. Moore, J. Kosek and A. Pandian. Duke University Press.Wiegman, R. 2003. 'Intimate Publics: Race, Property, and Personhood.' in Race, Nature and the Politics of Difference, edited by D. Moore, J. Kosek and A. Pandian. Duke University Press.
Mit diesem Buch gibt der Autor eine "Rundumsicht auf Schule" und zugleich "eine Einführung in die Erziehungswissenschaft". Das als "Lesebuch" konzipierte Werk erlaubt eine Lektüre, die bei jedem jeweils interessierenden Thema/Kapitel einsteigen kann. Folgende Themen werden behandelt: 1. Erziehung, Unterricht, Schule - und die Rechte von Kindern und Jugendlichen, 2. Wie kommt die Welt in den Kopf - von SchülerInnen und ForscherInnen?, 3. Kopieren, Konstruieren, Kooperieren: Wie lernen Kinder, Jugendliche und Erwachsene?, 4. Biologie und Biografie: Wie offen ist die Zukunft von Kindern, wenn sie auf die Welt kommen?, 5. Lernen im Unterricht und Erfahrungen im Alltag: Hat die Schule eine Chance neben Familie, Freunden und Medien?, 6. Chancengleichheit bei unterschiedlichen Voraussetzungen: allen dasselbe oder jedem das seine?, 7. Politik oder Pädagogik: Probleme, denen sich die Schule stellen muss, ohne sie lösen zu können, 8. Schule von gestern in der Welt von heute für das Leben von morgen: Ist Unterricht wirklich nötig?, 9. Qualität von Schule: Was ist der Maßstab für guten Unterricht und eine erfolgreiche Erziehung?, 10. Ökonomie und Bildung: Welcher Ertrag lohnt welchen Aufwand?, 11. Was ist besonders an der pädagogischen Forschung? - Ein kleines Vademecum für Leserinnen und Leser empirischer Studien. Ein umfangreiches Register erleichtert den zielgerichteten Zugriff auf relevante Themen. (DIPF/Kr.)
Die erste PISA-Studie im Jahr 2000 untersuchte vor allem den Bereich des Lesens und lieferte detaillierte Informationen über den Kompetenzstand von Fünfzehnjährigen im internationalen Vergleich. Im Jahr 2003 war Mathematik der Schwerpunkt, im Jahr 2006 die naturwissenschaftlichen Kompetenzen, womit der erste Erhebungszyklus abgeschlossen war. In PISA 2009 ist wieder die Lesekompetenz Schwerpunkt der Untersuchungen. Dieses Buch stellt den Ist-Stand im Jahr 2009 dar und verknüpft ihn mit den Entwicklungen zwischen den Jahren 2000 und 2009. Über welche Kompetenzen verfügen deutsche Schülerinnen und Schüler, und wie haben sich diese verändert? Wie sehen häusliche und schulische Lernumgebungen aus? Wie haben sich Rahmenbedingungen und Ergebnisse von Bildungsprozessen, aber auch Schulen und außerschulische Faktoren verändert? Wie lässt sich diese Entwicklung beurteilen, wenn man sie in den internationalen Vergleich einordnet? Folgende inhaltlichen Aspekte werden thematisiert: Organisationsstruktur von PISA 2009; Das Programm for International Student Assessment (PISA); Lesekompetenz von PISA 2000 bis PISA 2009; Lesemotivation und Lernstrategien; Schulische Rahmenbedingungen und Lerngelegenheiten im Deutschunterricht; Mathematische Kompetenz von PISA 2003 bis PISA 2009; Naturwissenschaftliche Kompetenz von PISA 2006 bis PISA 2009; Soziokulturelle Bedingungsfaktoren, Lebensverhältnisse und Lesekompetenz; Schülerinnen und Schüler mit Migrationshintergrund; Soziale Herkunft und Kompetenzerwerb; Leseförderung im Elternhaus; PISA 2000-2009: Bilanz der Veränderungen im Schulsystem. (DIPF/Orig./Mar/paul)
La Ley Orgánica 1/2004, de 28 de diciembre, de Medidas de Protección Integral contra la Violencia de Género en su artículo 44, adiciona un artículo 87 ter en la Ley Orgánica 6/1985, de 1 de julio, del Poder Judicial, en lo relativo a la competencia de los juzgados de violencia sobre la mujer en la jurisdicción civil y penal para decir que "está vedada la mediación" en todos los procesos de familia en los que los implicados estén relacionados con la violencia de género. La opinión y actuación generalizada ha sido de silencio, prohibición y exclusión total de la Mediación del ámbito de la violencia de género incluida la Mediación Penal al amparo de la Justicia Restaurativa. La prohibición ha llevado, incluso, a no opinar sobre estos temas. Ante la realidad descrita, son muchas las personas e instituciones que defienden introducir la Mediación como un instrumento que puede influir en un cambio de la situación. Implementar el uso de la Mediación en determinados supuestos vinculados a la violencia de género, es el tema que se presenta para el debate. Proponemos una modificación legislativa de manera que algunas situaciones relacionadas, o a consecuencia de casos de violencia de género, puedan gestionarse en Mediación para dar una respuesta concreta con ayuda experta, articulando los instrumentos de la Ley 5/2012, del 6 de julio, de Mediación Civil y Mercantil con los principios de la Justicia Restaurativa. Se utilizó un diseño no experimental de carácter transversal, es decir, se describieron las variables de manera natural, tal como se encontraron en los sujetos en un solo tiempo. Trabajamos con una muestra no probabilística y, por conveniencia, en razón a criterios de accesibilidad. El tamaño muestral fue de 439 personas. La metodología del estudio es, fundamentalmente, cualitativa y está centrada en una revisión teórica y entrevistas semidirigidas. Como no hay contradicción entre cualitativo y cuantitativo, se han utilizado técnicas cuantitativas como es la administración de un cuestionario, la elaboración de tablas y el tratamiento de los datos con programas específicos. Se ha utilizado el programa SPSS para la entrada de datos y el análisis multi-variable, cruzando las variables pertinentes según los intereses prefijados. El estudio se llevó a cabo en un contexto bien definido, entre profesionales de la Mediación, aunque la consulta se ha ampliado a personas no vinculadas a la Mediación para tener un elemento de comparación. CONCLUSIONES Las estadísticas dan cuenta de que todos los esfuerzos son insuficientes. Parece existir una corriente institucional y profesional en el sentido de que es por lo menos desafortunada la prohibición recogida en el artículo 87 ter de la LOPJ en su redacción dada a éste por la L.O. 1/2004 de 28 de diciembre, de Medidas de Protección Integral contra la Violencia de Género, referente a vedar la Mediación en todos los casos atribuidos a la competencia de los Juzgados de Violencia sobre la Mujer, sin diferenciar grados de violencia, como ha señalado el Consejo General del Poder Judicial. La Declaración de Naciones Unidas sobre "Estrategias para la lucha contra la violencia doméstica" (1997), señala incluso algunas de las situaciones en las que la Mediación podría ser empleada. Conclusiones en relación a la Hipótesis 1. Es oportuna una modificación de la normativa que prohíbe mediar en todos los casos relacionados con la violencia de género. Los grupos profesionales consultados, son coincidentes en manifestar un alto grado de acuerdo con esta modificación, como es el 72% de la muestra consultada. Existe una relación de dependencia o influencia entre la profesión, la formación en Mediación, la formación en violencia de género y la modificación legislativa con un grado de asociación entre un 22% y un 30%. Sin embargo, existe independencia con el sexo para un nivel de confianza del 95% con una potencia del test próxima al 80%. Conclusiones en relación a la Hipótesis 2. Existen determinados supuestos relacionados con la violencia de género en los que la Mediación podría ser pertinente siempre que se adapte la metodología al caso concreto y sea realizada por mediadores especializados en un entorno seguro. Los participantes en la encuesta muestran un muy alto grado de acuerdo con el uso de la Mediación en los supuestos de violencia de género planteados y, en la mayoría de los casos existe dependencia o influencia entre la profesión, la formación en Mediación y la formación en violencia de género con los determinados supuestos de la Mediación, con un grado de asociación directamente proporcional en la mayoría de los casos para un nivel de confianza del 95% con una potencia del test próxima al 80%. PROPUESTAS Esta primera aproximación, con la revisión bibliográfica, las entrevistas y el cuestionario administrado, permite concluir que es oportuna una modificación legislativa que favorezca el uso de la Mediación en violencia de género con una metodología adaptada a cada caso y realizada por mediadores especializados para facilitar la toma de decisiones en un ambiente seguro, garantizando el equilibrio de poder y la autonomía de la voluntad, para los casos que así lo requieran, por ejemplo los de ámbito civil, e integrando los principios y procedimientos de la Justicia Restaurativa cuando se trate de la jurisdicción penal. Es pertinente el uso de la Mediación en los supuestos planteados, siempre desarrollada por un equipo de mediadores especialistas en violencia de género para el diseño de trajes a medida, creando las condiciones necesarias para la seguridad y el respeto, evitando el prejuicio de que la mujer, por el solo hecho de ser víctima de violencia, es incapaz de participar y ser la protagonista en la toma de decisiones y es necesario hacerlo por ella teniendo respuestas prefabricadas y universales. Para una respuesta efectiva y eficaz a este tipo de situaciones de especial sensibilidad, la propuesta es trabajar en torno a un Modelo de Mediación Restauradora en Violencia de Género que integre los principios de la Ley 5/2012, de 6 de julio, con todas las adaptaciones y previsiones procedimentales y legales que se estimen oportunas a cada caso y de la Justicia Restaurativa. Dado que la violencia es gradual, así podría ser la propuesta de abordaje. Quizás estas reflexiones ayuden a continuar la discusión, de manera que las víctimas tengan un mayor protagonismo y el acceso a las diversas modalidades de justicia restaurativa que no impiden acudir al sistema penal y, en todo caso, proteger y satisfacer a la víctima, censurar al infractor, reducir reincidencias y reeducar-recuperar-reinsertar con la participación de la familia y la comunidad para que todos se sientan tratados justamente dando una respuesta flexible y adaptada a la graduación del delito y a la necesidad de todos los involucrados y que puede ser antes o durante el proceso judicial. La investigación permite hacer otras muchas inferencias, análisis e interpretaciones que dejamos a otros necesarios estudios. Tras las experiencias reportadas y con la información recogida, sería interesante diseñar un Modelo de Mediación Restauradora que permita desarrollar un proyecto piloto o experiencia demostrativa y favorecer así estudios experimentales y comparaciones longitudinales y transversales que permitan hacer generalizaciones y ampliaciones. The Organic Law 1/2004 of 28 December on Comprehensive Protection Measures against Gender Violence in Article 44 adds an article 87 ter in the Organic Law 6/1985 of 1 July, the Judicial Power, as regards the competence of courts for violence against women in civil and criminal jurisdiction to say that "it is forbidden mediation" in all family proceedings in which those involved are related to gender violence. The opinion, widespread action has been silent, prohibition and total exclusion of mediation in the field of gender-based violence including penal mediation under the Restorative Justice. The ban has even led to not comment on these issues. Faced with the reality described, many people and institutions that defend introduce mediation as an instrument that can influence a change in the situation. Implement the use of Mediation in certain cases related to domestic violence, it is the topic presented for discussion. We propose a legislative amendment so that some situations related or as a result of gender violence, can be managed in Mediation to give a specific answer with expert help, articulating the instruments of Law 5/2012, of July 6, Mediation Civil and Commercial with the principles of Restorative Justice. A non transversal experimental design was used, that is, the variables described naturally as found in subjects one time. We work with a non-probability sample and, for convenience, due to accessibility criteria. The sample size was 439 people. The study methodology is essentially qualitative and focuses on a theoretical review and semi-structured interviews. As there is no contradiction between qualitative and quantitative, we used quantitative techniques such as the administration of a questionnaire, development of tables and data processing with specific programs. We used SPSS for data entry and multi-variate analysis, crossing the relevant variables in the interests default. The study was carried out in a well defined, between professionals Mediation context, although the inquiry was extended to persons not related to mediation to have a benchmark. CONCLUSIONS The statistics show that all efforts are insufficient. There seems to be an institutional and professional power in the sense that it is at least unfortunate the prohibition contained in Article 87 ter of the Judicial Power in the wording given to it by the LO 1/2004 of 28 December on Comprehensive Protection Measures against Gender Violence, Mediation concerning veto in all cases attributed to the jurisdiction of the Courts of Violence against Women, without differentiating levels of violence, as noted the General Council of the Judiciary. The United Nations Declaration on "Strategies to combat domestic violence" (1997), even says some of the situations where mediation could be used. Conclusions regarding timely Hypothesis 1. It is a modification of the rules prohibiting mediate in all cases related to domestic violence. Professional groups consulted coincide in showing a high degree of agreement with this amendment, as is 72% of the consulted sample. There is a relationship of dependency or influence over the profession, training in mediation, training in gender violence and the legislative amendment with a degree of association between 22% and 30%. However, there is independence with sex for a confidence level of 95% with a power of 80% next test. Conclusions regarding Hypothesis 2. There are certain cases related to domestic violence in which mediation could be relevant as long as the methodology suited to the specific case and be done in a secure environment specialized mediators assumptions. Participants in the survey show a very high degree of agreement with the use of mediation in cases of domestic violence raised and, in most cases there is dependency or influence over the profession, training in mediation and training gender violence with certain cases of mediation, with a degree of association directly proportional in most cases for a confidence level of 95% with a power of 80% next test. PROPOSALS This first approach, with the literature review, interviews and questionnaire administered to the conclusion that a legislative amendment is timely favoring the use of mediation in domestic violence with a methodology adapted to each case and by specialized mediators to facilitate decision making in a safe environment, ensuring a balance of power and autonomy for cases that require it, such as civil level, and integrating the principles and methods of Restorative Justice in the case of the criminal jurisdiction. It is pertinent to the use of mediation in the assumptions made, always developed by a team of mediators in domestic violence specialists to design tailored suits, creating the conditions for security and respect, avoiding prejudice that women, by the mere fact of being a victim of violence, it is unable to participate and be the protagonist in decision-making and make it necessary for her to have prefabricated and universal answers. For effective and efficient such situations particularly sensitive response, the proposal is to work around a model Restorative Mediation in gender violence that integrates the principles of the Law 5/2012, of July 6, with all the adaptations and procedural and legal provisions as deemed appropriate to each case and Restorative Justice. Because violence is gradual and could be the proposed approach. Perhaps these reflections help to continue the discussion, so that victims have a greater role and access to the various forms of restorative justice that do not prevent proceedings in the criminal system and, in any case, protect and fulfill the victim censure offender, reduce recidivism and reintegrate reeducate-recover-with the participation of family and community to make everyone feel treated fairly by responding flexibly adapted to the graduation of the crime and the need for all involved and which may be before or during the trial. The research allows many other inferences, analyzes and interpretations that leave other necessary studies. We had proposed a descriptive research to respond to the initial proposals and serve as a platform for other studies. After the experiences reported and the information collected would be interesting to design a model that allows Restorative Mediation develop a pilot or demonstration project experience and thus promote experimental and longitudinal and transverse comparisons that allow generalizations and extensions.
1 Introduction.- 2 Ethical decision-making: a review of the empirical literature; Robert C Ford and Woodrow D Richardson.- 3 Toward the development of a multidimensional scale for improving evaluations of business ethics; R Eric Reidenbach and Donald P Robin -- 4 Corporate social responsibility theories: mapping the territory; Elisabet Garriga and Domenec N Mele -- 5 A behavioral model of ethical and unethical decision-making; Michael Bommer, Clarence Gratto, Jerry Gravander and Mark Tuttle -- 6 The effects of culture on ethical decision-making: an application of Hofstedes typology; Scott J Vitell, Saviour L Nwachukwu and James H Barnes -- 7 Moral reasoning and business ethics: implications for research, education and management; Linda Klebe Trevino -- 8 Organizational dissidence: the case of whistle-blowing; Janet P Near and Marcia P Miceli -- 9 The social desirability response bias in ethics research; Donna M Randall and Maria F Fernandes -- 10 Methodology in business ethics research: a review and critical assessment; Donna M Randall and Annetta M Gibson -- 11 A review of the empirical decision-making literature: 1996-2003; Michael J O'Fallon and Kenneth D Butterfield -- 12 Judging the morality of business practices: the influence of personal moral philosophies; Donelson R Forsyth -- 13 A review of empirical studies assessing ethical decision-making in business; Terry W Loe, Linda Ferrell and Phylis Mansfield -- 14 A study of the effect of age and gender upon student business ethics; Durwood Ruegger and Earnest W King -- 15 Some initial steps toward improving the measurement of ethical evaluations of marketing activities; R Eric Reidenbach and Donald P Robin -- 16 Differences in ethical perceptions between male and female managers: myth or reality; Jeaneen M Kidwell, Robert E Stevens and Art L Bethke -- 17 Business ethics: a literature review with a focus on marketing ethics; John Tasalikis and David J Fritzsche -- 18 An integrative model for understanding and managing ethical behavior in business organizations; W Edward Stead, Dan L Worrell and Jean Garner Stead -- 19 Concerns of college students regarding business ethics, Richard F Beltramini; Robert A Peterson and George Kozmetsky -- 20 Gender differences in proclivity for unethical behavior; Michael Betz, Lenahan O'Connell and Jon M Shepard -- 21 Predicting unethical behavior: a comparison of the theory of reasoned action and the theory of planned behavior; Man Kit Chang -- 22 Consumer ethics: an investigation of the ethical beliefs of elderly consumers; Scott J Vitell, James R Lumpkin and Mohammed YA Rawwas -- 23 The role of moral intensity in moral judgments: an empirical investigation, Sara A Morris and Robert A Mcdonald -- 24 Will the ethics of business change: a survey of future executives; Thomas M Jones and Frederick H Gautschi -- 25 Situational ethics: an empirical study of differentiators of student attitudes; Charles W McNichols and Thomas W Zimmerer -- 26 The relationship between corporate social performance and organizational size, financial performance and environmental performance; Peter A Stanwick and Sarah A Stanwick -- 27 Business codes of multinational firms: what do they say?; Muel Kaptein -- 28 Consumer ethics: an empirical investigation of factors influencing ethical judgments of the final consumer; Scott J Vitell and James Muncy -- 29 The morality of software piracy: a cross-cultural analysis; William R Swinyard, Heikki Rinne and Au Keng Kau -- 30 The association between corporate social responsibility and financial performance: the paradox of social cost; Moses L Pava and Joshua Krausz -- 31 Corporate ethics practices in the mid-1990's: an empirical study of the Fortune 1000; Gary R Weaver, Linda Klebe Trevino and Philip L Cochran -- 32 Concepts and definitions of CSR and corporate sustainability: between agency and communion; Marcel van Marrewijk -- 33 An experimental examination of the effects of individual and situational factors on unethical behavioral intentions in the workplace; Gwen E Jones and Michael J Kavanagh -- 34 Pinto fires and personal ethics: a script analysis of missed opportunities; Dennis A Gioia.-35 Invited reflections on the Journal of Business Ethics -- Index
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In recent years, higher education institutes have shifted towards managerial organisational models. Some observers see this as a sign of our neoliberal times, with obsession for rankings, performance indicators and resource allocation. The result is that academic work is more competitive nowadays. Rankings and quantitative analysis of research output are more and more crucial for hiring, promotion and funding allocations. Chapter 2 touches upon these themes and suggests the fruitfulness of cross fertilisation between sociology and science studies. To study this hyper-competitive context, we designed a complex research project to answer different questions regarding multi-faceted aspects of the subject. Our main question was to find what factors drive research collaboration and productivity. These factors are helping some researchers be more successful than others in current evaluation based system. We have employed two sets of data to achieve this goal. One national and one international, both considering the case of sociologists. For individual research productivity measurement and to explore correlates of this productivity (Chapter 3) and macro level policy effect analysis (Chapter 4), we reconstructed the full publication list of all currently hired Italian sociologists on available data. We looked into their research productivity and how they have reacted to the ANVUR national policies by taking into account their embeddedness in different academic contexts. Our aim in Chapter 3 was to explain individual research productivity with organisational embeddedness and we found that male scientists, those working more internationally, and those working with a similar group of coauthors were more productive but not necessarily more cited by other members of the community.In Chapter 4, we analysed the effects of the Italian national research assessment exercise (VQR 2004-2010 by ANVUR) on research productivity and publication behavior of sociologists. Results showed that ANVUR had a limited influence on research productivity. Indeed most differences in individual research productivity of Italian sociologists were due to individual characteristics. Academics who experienced a promotion after 2010 were the most prolific authors.To explore the structural and societal effects on research productivity of sociologists in a more competitive arena at the international level, in Chapter 5, we reconstructed gender, background information and coauthorship networks of all published authors in two top sociology journals, i.e., the American Journal of Sociology (AJS) and the American Sociological Review (ASR). We expected that examining the élite of our community could reveal interesting patterns, especially to understand certain implications of the hyper-competitive academic culture. We found that white male authors affiliated to US institutes were over-represented in these journals. We also found that male authors tended to work more in team and found trace of significant gender and ethnicity penalties. In Chapter 6 we looked into research communities formation and evolution through the time among Italian sociologists. We aimed to investigate if being a member of these communities would inspire different patterns of scientific collaboration among Italian sociologists. We used a sophisticated multi-level design by using temporal community detection. We found the two largest and most stable research communities among Italian sociologists who were political and economic sociologists. We further explored the underlying mechanisms and processes of coauthorship tie existence in multi-level exponential random graph models (ERGMs) trying to take individual, community and macro levels into account in one integrated framework. We found that the collaboration ties were mainly driven by research focus while preferential attachment was also at work and highly prolific researchers attracted further coauthorship ties. In Chapter 7, we conclude by emphasising that academic work has changed drastically in 21st century. Scientific collaboration is a multi-faceted phenomenon and any effort at studying it only with one or two approaches or with one observational unit would yield reductionistic results. That was the main reason behind our effort to investigate this phenomenon from different points of views. Finally, in Appendices Chapter, how to access the data and R and Python scripts developed during this research project is described and an Annotated bibliography on different aspects of academic work is provided.
The role of Muslim women in early childhood education is very urgent in education because women are the first source of knowledge for children. There are many supporting and inhibiting factors for the role of Muslim women executors. This study aims to find the role of female educators in Islam as a dual function that functions as a teacher, parent, and community member. The research method uses qualitative with a phenomenological approach. The findings show the role of Muslim women is not ideal, including the role of women as educators in schools, parents, and education experts. Women's awareness of early childhood education is still very low. Suggestions for future research to dig deeper into the causes of the role of women is still low, and influence government policy in increasing the role of Muslim women or non-Muslim women. Keywords: Role of Muslim Women, Early Childhood Education References: Britto, P. R., Lye, S. J., Proulx, K., Yousafzai, A. K., Matthews, S. G., Vaivada, T., … Bhutta, Z. A. (2017). Nurturing care: promoting early childhood development. The Lancet, 389(10064), 91–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31390-3 Edy, E., Ch, M., Sumantri, M. S., & Yetti, E. (2018). Pengaruh keterlibatan orang-tua dan pola asuh terhadap disiplin anak. Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini, 12(1). https://doi.org///doi.org/10.21009/jpud.122.03 Fauzia, S. N. (2017). Perilaku keagamaan Islam pada anak usia dini. Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini, 11(2). https://doi.org/://doi.org/10.21009/jpud.092.07 Frejka, T., Goldscheider, F., & Lappegård, T. (2018). The two-part gender revolution, women's second shift and changing cohort fertility. Comparative Population Studies, 43, 99–130. https://doi.org/10.12765/CPoS-2018-09en Islamiyati, I. (2018). Hubungan kerjasama orang tua dengan perkembangan anak usia dini di kelompok bermain. Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini, 12(1). https://doi.org/://doi.org/10.21009//jpud.121.06 Jamhari, I. R. (2003). Citra Perempuan dalam Islam. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Jum'ah, A. (2006). ). Sayyidinā Muhammad Rasulillah ila al-'Alamin. Cairo: Dār al-Farouk. Kementrian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. (2013). Petunjuk Teknis Penyelenggaraan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. Jakarta: Direktorat Pembinaan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. Khan, M. Z. (2003). Woman in Islam and Her Role in Human Development. In The Muslim World. Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1478-1913.1914.tb01384.x/abstract Kohli, R., Lin, Y. C., Ha, N., Jose, A., & Shini, C. (2019). A way of being: Women of color educators and their ongoing commitments to critical consciousness. Teaching and Teacher Education, 82, 24–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2019.03.005 Mansur. (2009). Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini dalam Islam. Jakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. Masnipal. (2013). Siap Menjadi Guru dan Pengelola PAUD Professional. Jakarta: PT Elex Media Komputindo. Megawangi, R. (1996). Perkembangan Teori Feminisme Masa Kini dan Mendatang serta Kaitannya dengan Pemikiran Keislaman, dalam Man-sur Fakih, et. al. Membincang Feminisme: Diskur-sus Gender Persfektif Islam. Jakarta: Risalah Gusti. Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1984). Qualitative Data Analysis. London: Sage Publication. Moeslichatoen. (2004). Metode Pengajaran di Taman Kanak-kanak. Jakarta: PT Rineka Cipta. Shihab, M. Q. (2001). Tafsîr al-Mishbâh. Jakarta: Lentera Hati. Siregar, N. M. (2018). Peningkatan kecerdasan interpersonal melalui aktivitas fisik anak usia 4-5 tahun. Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini, 12(2). https://doi.org/://doi.org/10.21009/jpud.122.10 Sujiono, Y. N. (2012). Konsep Dasar Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. Jakarta: PT Indeks. Sumantri, M., & Syaodih, N. (2006). Perkembangan Peserta Didik. Jakarta: Universitas Terbuka. Suryana, D. (2014). Dasar-dasar Pendidikan TK. Jakarta: Universitas Terbuka. Suyadi. (2011). Pegangan Bimbingan Konseling untuk PAUD. Yogyakarta: Diva Press. Tafsir, A. (n.d.). Pendidikan Agama dalam Keluarga. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya. Yamin, M., & Sanan, J. S. (2010). Panduan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (PAUD). Jakarta: Gaung Persada (GP) Press. Yusmawati, & Lubis, J. (2019). The Implementation of Curriculum by Using Motion Pattern. Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini. https://doi.org/DOI:https://doi.org/10.21009/10.21009/JPUD.131.14
This dissertation seeks to investigate the nature of Contemporary Dance collaborations between some South African dancers in the Western Cape and Swedish musicians and dancers and their directors and producers. My study focusses on the impact of choreographic processes in such collaborations when these are led by women. In particular, I will examine a collaboration herein referred to as the Growth Project that was undertaken between the Baxter Theatre Centre in Cape Town, South Africa and Scenkonst Sörmland Theatre in Sweden between 2012-2016. The study aims to provide insight into such collaborative dance practices in order to highlight gendered practices in Dance in the Western Cape. It will outline all three parts of the Growth Project but focuses on the dance work I hit the ground running (2013), in which I performed. This dissertation considered the historical context, and political legacy of key individuals associated with the Growth Project in order to examine their views of the artistic world, their relationship to one another and what inform choreographic processes when working in Contemporary Dance in the Western Cape. When artist collaborate, there is an interplay between identity, culture and politics and issues of power and gender all add to the complexity of dance collaborations. This dissertation problematises the birth of Contemporary Dance in South Africa and focusses on the region of the Western Cape arguing that in the 2000s, colonial and apartheid history continues to support a gender inequality in South African Dance as well as in society in general. Chapter One positions myself as an emic and etic researcher and provides an overview of the influences that impacted the development of Contemporary Dance in South Africa especially in the Western Cape. With this as background, I discuss my rationale for an interrogation of collaborative dance practices between some South Africans and certain foreigners. I highlight certain gaps such as analysis of contemporary dance works by women in South African Dance Literature. Chapters Two and Three discuss the concept of collaboration and draw some distinctions between the genders, for example, when women collaborate. It focuses on economic and patriarchal modes of power in society and the manner in which these are perpetuated in dance. It acknowledges feminist theories found in Social Sciences and Humanities that are also extended in Dance Studies such as the work of Katrak (2006), Butler (1999) and Daly (2002). I reflect on the response of some South African dancing bodies to collaborative practices in Contemporary Dance and add my comments to the views on this topic already expressed by Loots (2012), Craighead (2007) amongst others. Chapter Four highlights the research methods used during this study and explains how the process of the interview was engaged with to collect data. This sourcing of data included my own reflections as a participant and observer, as well as an analysis of journalistic material (press reviews), and programme notes. I also critically unpack my own reflective journals. My unique etic and emic perspectives, as I am simultaneously the researcher as well as one of the dancers in I hit the ground running (2013), will be discussed. This research also gave rise to a number of findings which have been framed as challenges encountered by dancers, musicians, the choreographer and management teams involved in I hit the ground running (2013). The study reflects on the notion of femaleness in Contemporary Dance itself, and the impact that such femaleness has on dance making/Contemporary Dance choreography. The connections between femaleness as a form of discrimination and other forms of marginalisation such as race and cultural groups is explored. This is contested within South African and Swedish world views in the 21st century. This dissertation suggests that a feminist notion of dance making is a useful tool to understand South African and Swedish Contemporary Dance. It may extend the work of other dance researchers wanting to write about other marginalised groups for example disability dance in South Africa and Sweden.
RESUMO: Do suicídio no Afeganistão é uma prioridade de saúde pública. O Afeganistão é um país de baixo rendimento, emergindo de três décadas de conflitos. Há uma alta prevalência de sofrimento psicológico, perturbações mentais e abuso de substâncias. Existem várias questões sociais, tais como, desequilíbrio/violência de género, pobreza, atitudes e costumes obsoletos, rápidas mudanças sócio-culturais, violação dos direitos humanos e especialmente dos direitos das mulheres e das crianças. Estes fatores de risco contribuem para o aumento da vulnerabilidade da população em relação ao suicídio. A relativa alta taxa de suicídio no Afeganistão é especialmente significativa comparada com as taxas baixas em todos os países islâmicos. Os estudos mostraram predominância de suicídio nas mulheres (95%) e em pessoas jovens. Existe, por isso, uma necessidade urgente do país ter uma estratégia de prevenção do suicídio. A estratégia foi desenvolvida pela criação de um grupo técnico/ de assessoria multi-sectorial de diferentes intervenientes tais como governo, ONGs, agências doadoras, as famílias das vítimas e outraas partes interessadas. A estratégia baseia-se os seguintes valores chave:, respeito pelas diversidades; sensibilidade para as questões sócio-cultura-religiosa e de género; promoção da dignidade da sociedade; respeito pelos direitos humanoss. Os 'seis pontos estratégicos' são: envolvimento das principais partes interessadas e criação de colaboração intersectorial coordenada; fornecimento de cuidados às pessoas que fazem tentativas de suicídio e às suas famílias; melhoria dos serviços para pessoas com doença mental e problemas psicossociais; promover uma comunicação e imagem adequada dos comportamentos suicidas, pelos meios de comunicação; reduzir o acesso aos meios de suicídio e coligir informação sobre as taxas de suicídio, os fatores de risco, os fatores protetores e as intervenções eficazes. A estratégia nacional de prevenção do suicídio será inicialmente implementada por 5 anos, com uma avaliação anual do plano de acção para entender os seus pontos fortes e limitações. Recomendações e sugestões serão incorporadas nos próxima planos anuais para uma intervenção eficaz. Um sistema de monitorização irá medir o progresso na implementação da estratégia. --- ABSTRACT: Suicide in Afghanistan is a public health priority. Afghanistan is a low-income country, emerging from three decades of conflicts. There is high prevalence of mental distress, mental disorders and substance abuse. There are multiple social issues, such as gender imbalance/violence, poverty, obsolete attitudes and customs, rapid social-cultural changes, human right violations, and especially women and children rights. These risk factors contribute to increase the vulnerability of the population for suicide. The relative high rate of suicide in Afghanistan is especially significant as the rates are low in all Islamic countries. Research studies have shown predominance of suicide in women (95%) and in young age people. There is an urgent need for the country to have a suicide prevention strategy. The strategy has been developed by establishing a multi-sectoral technical/advisory group of different stakeholders from government, NGOs, donor agencies, victim's families, and interested parties. The strategy is based on the following key values, namely, respect for diversities; sensitiveness to socio-culture-religious and gender issues; promotion of the society dignity and respect for the human rights of people. The six 'Strategic directions' are: involving key stakeholders and creating coordinated inter-sectoral collaboration; providing after care for people making a suicide attempt and their families; improving services for people with mental disorders and psycho-social problems; promoting the safe reporting and image of suicidal behaviour by media; reducing access to the means of suicide and gathering information about suicide rates, risk factor, protective factors and effective interventions. The National Suicide Prevention Strategy will be initially implemented for 5 years, with an annual evaluation of the action plan to understand the strengths and limitations. Recommendations and suggestions will be incorporated into the next annual plans for effective intervention. A monitoring framework will measure progress in implementing the strategy.
El objetivo de la presente comunicación es la presentación de sugerencias sobre la forma de ampliar las posibilidades de fomento del empleo a través de las medidas establecidas por el Estado, con independencia de la edad o sexo, y ello con el objetivo prioritario de reducir la cuota de desempleo. El Gobierno español ha tomado diversas medidas de fomento de empleo a causa de las graves dificultades económicas y la elevada tasa de paro en las que se encuentra la población joven de España. A ello debe añadirse, la presión por parte de los organismos europeos para que sean adoptadas medidas con el fin de minimizar las desigualdades y la falta de oportunidades laborales de este colectivo tan gravemente afectado. Dentro de este colectivo se encuentran los jóvenes menores de treinta años, para los que la Estrategia de Emprendimiento y Empleo Joven ha creado medidas concretas, potenciando a través de bonificaciones e incentivos fiscales el acceso a un puesto trabajo. Todas estas iniciativas tienen como objetivo la reducción de la tasa de desempleo de este colectivo. Se trata de medidas que nos parecen acertadas para lograr la entrada en el mercado laboral. En ese sentido, lo que proponemos, es que aquellas medidas se amplíen también a jóvenes mayores a 30 años. Colectivo este último que sufrió la temprana inclusión en el mercado laboral a consecuencia de los tiempos de bonanza, generación que en estos momentos emigra al extranjero, con estudios o sin ellos, a causa de la necesidad de buscar una oferta de empleo por falta de trabajo en España, ni siquiera con la posibilidad de que las empresas puedan aplicar incentivos ni tampoco se lleven a cabo medidas concretas que promuevan el reciclaje del trabajador. En suma, nuestra propuesta consiste en que los planes de incentivación a la contratación deberían aplicarse a todo colectivo, con independencia de la edad o formación, y con el objetivo de lograr en un primer escalón, el pleno empleo, y en el segundo, que este sea de la mejor calidad posible. ; The purpose of this communication is to present suggestions on how to expand the possibilities of promoting employment through measures established by the state, regardless of the age or gender of the person, with the primary aim of reducing the share unemployment. The Spanish Government has taken various measures to promote employment as a result of the serious economic difficulties and high unemployment among young people. In addition to this, there is pressure coming from the European institutions for adopting measures whose purpose is to minimize the inequalities and the lack of employment opportunities that severely affects this group. Within this group, there are the young people under thirty years old, for whom the Strategy for Entrepreneurship and Youth Employment has created concrete measures, promoting their access to employment through bonuses and tax incentives. All these initiatives are aimed at reducing the unemployment rate of this group under 30 and they are successful in promoting the entry into the jobs market. In that sense, what we propose is that those measures should also be extended to people over 30, with or without studies, who suffered an early inclusion in the jobs market as a result of the good times and now are forced to migrate abroad in search of work, as there is not the possibility that companies can apply incentives or specific measures to promote their employment or the retraining of the workers. As a consequence of all the above mentioned, our proposal is that hiring incentive plans should be applied to the entire group, regardless of age or gender, with the primary aim of finding employment and, after that, making sure that the employment has the highest quality possible.
Purpose of the studyTo determine factors associated with suppressed or unsuppressed HIV in adults receiving combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in Zambia.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study conducted between August 2008 and October 2009 in 16 Zambian communities nested within the ZAMSTAR trial [1]. Adult TB cases identified at a TB clinic of each community and their adult household members were invited to participate in the study. A structured interview was used to obtain information on the participants' social, demographic and clinical characteristics. Socio‐economic position (SEP) was measured using household wealth indices used in demographic health surveys. Principal component analysis was used to determine the cut‐off for high (wealthy) and low (poor) SEP. Depression symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale (CES‐D). A cut‐off of≥22 on the CES‐D was used to define current depression [2]. Participants were included in this analysis if they were found to be receiving cART for>90 days at the time of the interview. The outcome was HIV suppression (viral load≤300 copies/ml). In both univariable and multivariable analyses, log Poisson regression models with robust standard errors adjusted for the 16 communities were used to calculate the risk ratios (RR), 95% confidence intervals (CI) and p‐values of factors associated with HIV suppression. In multivariable analysis, each variable was independently assessed for its association with HIV suppression while minimally adjusting for a priori confounders (age, gender and education level).Summary of resultsThere were 520 patients receiving cART for>90 days. The median age was 35 years (inter‐quartile range: 31–41) and 328/520 (63.1%) were married (Table).
HIV suppression HIV suppression vs. no suppression
n=520 Yes No Unadjusted Adjusted
N (column %) N (row %) N (row %) RR (95% CI) p‐value RR (95% CI) p‐value
Of the 520 patients, 442 (85.0%) had HIV suppression while 78 (15.0%) did not. At univariable analysis, having high SEP was negatively associated with HIV suppression while receiving ZDV+3TC+EFV was positively associated with HIV suppression. At multivariable analysis, patients with high SEP were less likely to have HIV suppression than those with low SEP.ConclusionsPatients with high SEP were found to be at risk of having unsuppressed HIV. There is need for targeted interventions that can improve HIV outcomes in this group of patients receiving cART in Zambia.
