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Bartolomé Marí Solivellas, Teo Cabanes MartínSports Medicine Service, Mallorca Regional Government, Mallorca, SpainObjective: Many components of the immune system undergo adverse changes during intense physical activity in athletes, leading to a heightened risk of respiratory tract infections. This study evaluated the reduction in infectious processes in athletes due to intensive training with anapsos.Methods: The study compared athletes who took 480 mg Polypodium leucotomos Extract (Armaya fuerte; Centrum laboratories, Alicante, Spain) twice daily for 3 months (n = 50) with a control group (n = 50) in the evaluation of the onset of infectious processes and relapses during an 8-month period (June 2010 to January 2011).Results: The onset of infectious processes in the Polypodium leucotomos Extract group was lower when compared to the control group (14% versus 56%). Relapse in the Polypodium leucotomos Extract group was seen in just one athlete (14.2%) compared to ten athletes (37.5%) in the control group.Conclusion: Polypodium leucotomos Extract has been shown to be useful in the prevention of infectious processes, as well as reducing recurring episodes in athletes.Keywords: immunological stress, recurrent infections, Polypodium leucotomos extract

In an evaluation of prison-based residential drug treatment programs, the authors use three different regression-based approaches to estimating treatment effects. Two of the approaches, the instrumental variable and the Heckman approach, attempt to minimize selection bias as an explanation for treatment outcomes. Estimates from these approaches are compared with estimates from a regression in which treatment is represented by a dummy variable. The article discusses the advantage of using more than one method to increase confidence in findings when possible selection bias is a concern. Three-year outcome data for 2,315 federal inmates are used in analyses where the authors separately examine criminal recidivism and relapse to drug use for men and women. Statistical tests lead the authors to conclude that treatment reduces criminal recidivism and relapse to drug use. The treatment effect was largest when the inference was based on the Heckman approach, somewhat smaller when based on the instrumental variable approach, and smallest when based on the traditional dummy variable approach. Treatment effects for females were not statistically significant.

In 1990, the California Youth Authority's Parole Services Branch implemented two postparole substance abuse treatment programs for relapse-prone parolees. In an effort to reduce parole revocations for technical violations relating to substance abuse, these short-term programs offer the parolee an alternative to revocation through voluntary relapse intervention. This study is an assessment of one of these programs, the Southern California Drug Treatment Program at El Centro. A total of 154 parolees who successfully completed the 3-month program were evaluated on a number of characteristics to assess their treatment success. During the 15-month evaluation period, 83 individuals (53.9%) were unsuccessful, 58 (69.9%) of them during the first 6 months of reparole. Substance abuse ratings by parole agents indicate that 83% of the removals and 37.7% of those still on parole were current habitual substance abusers. Although these findings are not encouraging, certain elements of the program were favorable. Recommendations for program modification are included in this report.

Everyone suffers when there's an addict in the family. Written by an expert in alcohol and drug addiction and recovery-and drawing on her own personal experience with her brother's addiction-this no-nonsense guide will help readers understand the causes of addiction, end their enabling behaviors, support their loved one's recovery, and learn how to cope with relapses

Brief hospitalization contributes to quicker and more effective recovery in psychiatric practice. It also leads to a progressive change in the pattern of mental morbidity. Two-year follow-up of patients treated with this technique indicates that recovery is sustained, and relapse/wastage rate is low. There is need for further research in this significant aspect of military medicine.

[EN] The induction of senescence produces a stable cell cycle arrest in cancer cells, thereby inhibiting tumor growth; however, the incomplete immune cell-mediated clearance of senescent cells may favor tumor relapse, limiting the long-term anti-tumorigenic effect of such drugs. A combination of senescence induction and the elimination of senescent cells may, therefore, represent an efficient means to inhibit tumor relapse. In this study, we explored the antitumor efficacy of a combinatory senogenic and targeted senolytic therapy in an immunocompetent orthotopic mouse model of the aggressive triple negative breast cancer subtype. Following palbociclib-induced senogenesis and senolysis by treatment with nano-encapsulated senolytic agent navitoclax, we observed inhibited tumor growth, reduced metastases, and a reduction in the systemic toxicity of navitoclax. We believe that this combination treatment approach may have relevance to other senescence-inducing chemotherapeutic drugs and additional tumor types. Significance: While the application of senescence inducers represents a successful treatment strategy in breast cancer patients, some patients still relapse, perhaps due to the subsequent accumulation of senescent cells in the body that can promote tumor recurrence. We now demonstrate that a combination treatment of a senescence inducer and a senolytic nanoparticle selectively eliminates senescent cells, delays tumor growth, and reduces metastases in a mouse model of aggressive breast cancer. Collectively, our results support targeted senolysis as a new therapeutic opportunity to improve outcomes in breast cancer patients. ; The M.O. laboratory members thank the financial support from the Spanish Government (project SAF2017-84689-R (MINECO/AEI/FEDER, EU)) and the Generalitat Valenciana (project PROMETEO/2019/065). The R.M. laboratory members thank the financial support from the Spanish Government (projects RTI2018-100910-B-C41 and RTI2018-101599-B-C22 (MCUI/FEDER, EU) and the Generalitat Valenciana (project ...

Hypocretin/orexin signaling is critically involved in relapse to drug-seeking behaviors. In this study, we investigated the involvement of the hypocretin system in the reinstatement of nicotine-seeking behavior induced by nicotine-associated cues. Pretreatment with the hypocretin receptor-1 antagonist SB334867, but not with the hypocretin receptor-2 antagonist TCSOX229, attenuated cue-induced reinstatement of nicotine-seeking, which was associated with an activation of hypocretin neurons of the lateral and perifornical hypothalamic areas. In addition, relapse to nicotine-seeking increased the phosphorylation levels of GluR2-Ser880, NR1-Ser890, and p38 MAPK in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), but not in the prefrontal cortex. Notably, phosphorylation levels of NR1-Ser890 and p38 MAPK, but not GluR2-Ser880, were dependent on hypocretin receptor-1 activation. The intra-accumbens infusion of the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor NPC-15437 reduced nicotine-seeking behavior elicited by drug-paired cues consistent with the PKC-dependent phosphorylations of GluR2-Ser880 and NR1-Ser890. SB334867 failed to modify cue-induced reinstatement of food-seeking, which did not produce any biochemical changes in the NAc. These data identify hypocretin receptor-1 and PKC signaling as potential targets for the treatment of relapse to nicotine-seeking induced by nicotine-associated cues. ; This work was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III grants, #PI07/0559, #PI10/00316 and #RD06/001/001 (RTA-RETICS), by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology, Consolider-C #SAF2007-64062 and #SAF2011-29864, the Catalan Government (SGR2009-00731), and by the Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA Academia program). Ainhoa Plaza-Zabala and África Flores are recipients of a predoctoral fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Education

Abstrak Manusia dapat memenuhi kebutuhan biologik, psikologik, sosial dan aktualisasi diri dengan bekerja. Individu memperoleh materi, kepuasan, citra diri yang baik, bebas dari stigma sebagai penganggur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas kerja sebagai bagian terapi skizofrenia. Responden terdiri atas pasien skizofrenia, lelaki dan perempuan, berusia 18 – 55 tahun, pendidikan terendah Sekolah Menengah Pertama ( SMP), kontrol teratur setiap bulan. Enam belas responden bekerja dan tujuh orang yang tidak memiliki pekerjaan. Dari yang bekerja, 13 responden bekerja sebagai tenaga administrasi di instansi pemerintah , satu orang bekerja di toko alat-alat musik, satu sebagai kasir di salon kecantikan, dan satu orang lagi sebagai pramuniaga di pasar swalayan. Pemeriksaan dilakukan setiap bulan dengan wawancara terstruktur, yang berisi pertanyaan : apa kegiatan yang dilakukan, apakah bersosialisasi, apakah waktu luang diisi dengan melakukan hobi, adakah perubahan kebiasaan makan, tidur dan mandi; apakah saat ini ada keluhan yang menunjukkan kekambuhan skizofrenia, seperti halusinasi, waham, inkoherensi. Hasilnya lima responden yang bekerja kambuh satu kali dan sebelas orang lainnya tidak mengalami relaps. Semua responden yang tidak bekerja mengalami kekambuhan, dengan rincian satu orang kambuh satu kali, lima orang kambuh dua kali dan satu orang lainnya kambuh sampai tiga kali selama pemantauan satu tahun. Ternyata bekerja dapat menekan kekambuhan skizofrenia. Penelitian pendahuluan ini diharapkan membuka peluang untuk penelitian lebih lanjut dengan sampel yang lebih besar.Kata kunci : kebutuhan, skizofrenia, citra diri Abstract Each person can fulfil their need of biological, psychological, social and self actualization by working. We get material, satisfaction, good self image, free from stigma as unemployed. The aim of this research was to know the effectiveness of working as a part of schizophrenia therapy. The respondents are schizophrenic patients with or without job, male and female, 18 – 55 years old, at least secondary school leavers. Monthly they got monitored by interview including the questionnaires about their activities, social lives, how their spent their leisure time, the progress of their life style, whether the schizophrenic symptoms still appeared like hallucination, delusion, incoherent. Thirteen respondents worked as employees, as government official, one works in a music store, one as a cashier in a beauty salon, and the rest as employees at supermarkets. Seven respondents are jobless. The result was five from sixteen patients who have job relapse once, all of the respondents who were jobless relapse once to three times in one year. The conclusion is working is effective enough to reduce relapse in schizophrenic patients. Key words: the need, schizophrenia, self image

Реферат. Цель исследования — изучение клинических особенностей, качества жизни и определение факторов риска рецидивирующего течения саркоидоза у военнослужащих. Материал и методы. Обследовано 124 больных, средний возраст составил (31,8±9,9) года. Изучены клинические, рентгенологические и лабораторные данные, проведен анализ качества жизни с помощью опросника SHQ, корреляционный анализ. Результаты и их обсуждение. Установлено, что у военнослужащих в 85,5% диагностируется I и II стадии саркоидоза органов дыхания, преобладает бессимптомное течение заболевания (72%). В целях морфологической верификации процесса наиболее часто выполнялась медиастиноскопия с биопсией внутригрудного лимфоузла (36,3%), доля травматичных хирургических операций составила 6,2%. Качество жизни военнослужащих с саркоидозом снижено по шкалам ежедневного функционирования, физической и эмоциональной активности (56,7, 80 и 70% соответственно). Установлены факторы, ассоциированные с рецидивирующим течением саркоидоза: возраст более 35 лет (р=0,039, ОШ — 5,03); наличие клинических проявлений (р=0,011, ОШ — 3,47) (кашель, слабость, одышка); форсированная жизненная емкость легких (ФЖЕЛ) менее 85% от должных величин (р=0,029, ОШ — 4,23); терапия системными глюкокортикостероидами (ГКС) в анамнезе (р=0,004, ОШ — 11,43). Разработана шкала прогноза с практической ценностью (82,4%), чувствительностью (58,8%) и специфичностью (88,2)%. Заключение. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о необходимости внедрения в практику ведения больных саркоидозом из числа военнослужащих единого алгоритма, включающего широкое использование малотравматичных методов морфологической верификации, взвешенного подхода к назначению системных стероидов. Несмотря на преобладание бессимптомных форм заболевания, качество жизни больных саркоидозом военнослужащих снижено. Факторами риска рецидивирующего течения являются: возраст более 35 лет, наличие клинических проявлений, ФЖЕЛ менее 85%, лечение ГКС в анамнезе. Разработана шкала прогноза рецидивирующего течения саркоидоза у молодых пациентов, обладающая высокой прогностической ценностью. ; Abstract. Objective. To study the clinical features and quality of life and to determine risk factors for the recurrent sarcoidosis among the military servants. Material and methods. The study involved 124 patients, mean age (31,8±9,9) years. The clinical, radiological and laboratory data have been examined, the quality of life has been analysed using a SHQ questionnaire, the correlation analysis was performed. Results and discussion. It was found that 85,5% of military personnel had respiratory sarcoidosis of stages I and II, asymptomatic disease course prevailed (72% of cases). Morphological verification of the sarcoidosis was most frequently performed by mediastinoscopy with biopsy of intrathoracic lymph nodes (36,3%); the percentage of traumatic surgery was 6,2%. The quality of life of military personnel with sarcoidosis was reduced according to the scales of daily, physical and emotional functioning up to 56,7, 80 to 70% of cases respectively. The factors associated with recurrent sarcoidosis were: age > 35 years (p=0,039, OR — 5,03); the presence of clinical manifestations (p=0,011, OR — 3,47) (cough, weakness, shortness of breath); FVC 35 years, the presence of clinical manifestations, FVC < 85%, SCS treatment history. There have been designed predictive scale for recurrent course of sarcoidosis in young patients which has a high predictive value.

Background: Carers play an important role in supporting client adjustment and relapse prevention following a first psychotic episode. The caring experience however is a stressful and demanding one, and carers require support to develop coping strategies and sustain themselves in their role. Aims: To evaluate a psychoeducation programme provided within a public adult mental health service, designed for the families of clients experiencing first-episode psychosis. Methods: A pre- and post-test questionnaire was administered to quantitatively measure the participants' changes in perceptions of their knowledge and understanding regarding mental illness and its treatment through attending the group. Qualitative items were included to ascertain other knowledge gained or benefits perceived and any critical feedback. Results: The programme significantly improved carers' perceptions of their understanding of psychosis, recovery and relapse prevention. Additional feedback replicated previous findings that participants value support and feel less isolated through group attendance, gaining a sense of collective experience and the opportunity to share experiences and feel heard by peers. Conclusions: The evaluation demonstrates the efficacy of such a group and the importance of public mental health services in providing family interventions in first-episode psychosis care.

The author gives a summary of works in the field of political linguistics that have been completed in recent years in the Ukraine. It serves to prove that Ukrainian scholars show great interest and appreciation of political communication. In their investigation they apply a variety of methods, techniques and approaches. Active and eventful political life in the Ukraine today serves as a rich ground for scientific exploration. At the same time a good deal of works is devoted to the totalitarian past and its relapses, as well as comparative studies of Russian and Ukrainian political discourse. ; The author gives a summary of works in the field of political linguistics that have been completed in recent years in the Ukraine. It serves to prove that Ukrainian scholars show great interest and appreciation of political communication. In their investigation they apply a variety of methods, techniques and approaches. Active and eventful political life in the Ukraine today serves as a rich ground for scientific exploration. At the same time a good deal of works is devoted to the totalitarian past and its relapses, as well as comparative studies of Russian and Ukrainian political discourse.

An important issue regarding treatment for alcohol abuse is the high rate of relapse following treatment. In the research on treatment of alcohol abuse, the concept of coping has been proposed as a relevant factor in the relationship between relapse crises and treatment outcome. The present study investigated the role of pretreatment coping strategies in outcome of outpatient treatment for alcohol abuse. The pretreatment coping strategies of 136 clients receiving outpatient treatment for alcohol abuse were examined as a predictor of drinking pattern after treatment. The pretreatment coping strategies were assessed by the COPE questionnaire. Drinking pattern after treatment was assessed at follow-up one year after treatment was entered. Results indicated that some pretreatment coping strategies are identifiable as adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies, respectively, regarding successful treatment for alcohol abuse. <i>Restraint coping</i> was found predictive of a positive drinking pattern at follow-up while the use of alcohol to cope was found predictive of a negative drinking pattern. Furthermore, the results showed tendencies towards the possibility that some coping strategies co-operated differently with types of treatment methods.

This investigation examines whether the Addicted-Self Model of cessation of alcohol and drug dependent behavior (Fiorentine & Hillhouse, 2000b; in press) is able to predict unassisted or "natural" recovery. Four hypotheses are tested using a prospective investigation of individuals who drop out in the First week of outpatient treatment, do not re-enter any type of treatment or aftercare, and attend no Twelve-step meetings during the study period (n =78). Consistent with the assumptions of the model, acknowledgement of loss of control over alcohol and drug use, or low controlled use self-efficacy, predicts greater acceptance of the need for life-long abstinence. A decrease in controlled use self-efficacy is associated with an increase in abstinence acceptance. High and increasing abstinence acceptance predicts higher levels of alcohol and drug abstinence. Consistent with the Addicted-Self Model, but contrary to the Relapse Prevention Approach (Marlatt & Gordon, 1980,1985), high controlled use self-efficacy does not predict less severe relapse or lower levels of alcohol and drug use for those who continue to use these substances. Clinical implications and directions for future research are discussed.

The need for drug abuse treatment to reduce recidivism in prison systems has led to increasing interest in treatment alternatives for correctional clients. The research on the effectiveness of treatment alternatives, however, has lagged behind the interest in and implementation of new programs. This article reports on early findings from an ongoing longitudinal study of the efficacy of an intensive case management approach, Assertive Community Treatment (ACT), for treating parolees with past drug problems, compared with a group of parolees who were not offered this treatment program. Using follow-up data on 135 subjects interviewed at release from prison and then reinterviewed about six months later, the ACT group and comparison group are examined in terms of recidivism and relapse to drug use. Bivariate analyses suggest little difference between the two groups. Multivariate analyses, however, suggest several important variables that were not manipulated in this "quasi-experiment," but are predictive of relapse and recidivism. Although the limited sample size available at present precludes any definitive conclusions, discussion focuses on the direction of findings and highlights the necessity for multivariate controls in assessing the effectiveness of any intervention with criminal justice clients.