Suchergebnisse

Because of the scarcity of research on knowledge internalization, a powerful means for acquiring tacit knowledge which is an intellectual asset critical to sustainable competitive advantage of an organization, this study develops a construct of knowledge internalization and examines its nomological validity. We define knowledge internalization as the process in which an individual relies on various cognitive mechanisms to transform his or her declarative knowledge into actionable procedural knowledge. Analyzing data collected from 259 knowledge workers, we found that knowledge internalization is a second‐order formative construct comprising organization and structure, mental models, efficiency, automaticity, and metacognition dimensions. The effect of knowledge internalization on intention to share knowledge is fully mediated by expert power and knowledge self‐efficacy. The effect of knowledge internalization on expert power is partially mediated by knowledge self‐efficacy. This study contributes to the literature by offering an elaborated construct of knowledge internalization and establishing its nomological validity in the knowledge sharing phenomenon. The developed measure of knowledge internalization can be tailored to assess employees' tacit knowledge in organizations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

AbstractThe effective management of knowledge sharing and protection poses a critical challenge for enterprises engaged in interorganizational collaboration. Prior research has indicated that knowledge sharing and protection are often viewed as incompatible or even contradictory organizational behaviors. This study presents a more comprehensive theoretical framework that takes into account both knowledge sharing and protection. To investigate the relationships between influential antecedent factors and collaborative performance outcomes, we conducted a survey involving 247 knowledge‐intensive manufacturing companies in China. The study contributes to the field by developing a conceptual model for understanding knowledge sharing and protection, and it also provides practical value through the introduction of "Knowledge Sharing and Protection Guidelines." These guidelines are designed to assist enterprises in enhancing their individual performance, expanding their market share, and bolstering their competitiveness. Simultaneously, they aim to foster innovation and create market advantages for all stakeholders engaged in interorganizational collaboration, ultimately leading to improvement in overall performance.

AbstractKnowledge and knowledge management have become two of the latest buzzwords in the management literature. However, the literature presents primarily normative, undersocialized models of how knowledge could be administrated and developed as an organizational resource, and does not sufficiently recognize the social, political and emotional aspects of knowledge. In general, the knowledge of knowledge management is not situational. For instance, in what respect does the notion of knowledge take gender issues into account? This paper presents a study of clinical research activities in a major multinational pharmaceutical company and it suggests that the processes of knowing are always embedded in existing social and political, gendered assumptions and beliefs. Therefore, knowledge management needs to be further developed to avoid general problematic positions. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

This issue of Philosophical Transactions examines the relationship between scientific uncertainty about climate change and knowledge. Uncertainty is an inherent feature of the climate system. Considerable effort has therefore been devoted to understanding how to effectively respond to a changing, yet uncertain climate. Politicians and the public often appeal to uncertainty as an argument to delay mitigative action. We argue that the appropriate response to uncertainty is exactly the opposite: uncertainty provides an impetus to be concerned about climate change, because greater uncertainty increases the risks associated with climate change. We therefore suggest that uncertainty can be a source of actionable knowledge. We survey the papers in this issue, which address the relationship between uncertainty and knowledge from physical, economic and social perspectives. We also summarize the pervasive psychological effects of uncertainty, some of which may militate against a meaningful response to climate change, and we provide pointers to how those difficulties may be ameliorated.

'Medien schaffen Bedingungen des Wissens, neue Medien verändern den Wissenserwerb. Der Beitrag geht zunächst auf diesen Zusammenhang ein, wobei anhand neuerer medientheoretischer Ansätze gezeigt wird, dass auch die aktuellen Veränderungen in einem breiten kulturgeschichtlichen Zusammenhang zu sehen sind. Sodann wird der Begriff einer Wissensgesellschaft auf Grundlage der neuen Informationsökonomie erörtert und mit historischen Bezügen diskutiert. Wie Computer und Internet als Basismedien in die Theoriebildung integriert werden können, wird anhand des medienanthropologischen Ansatzes gezeigt. Dabei folgt der Text der These, dass Kulturpessimismus nicht angesagt ist, da neue Medien nicht ursächlich Veränderungen hervorbringen, sondern eher selbst Produkte sind, die sich an einen veränderten Bedarf angepasst haben.' (Autorenreferat)

AbstractIn today's economy, more and more organisations are realising that they must explicitly manage their knowledge resources to acquire and maintain their competitive advantage. For this reason, managers need to better understand how they can identify and evaluate existing knowledge resources within an organisation and how to manage them in order to achieve competitive advantage.Many organisations frequently embark on Knowledge Management (KM) initiatives without a clear idea of what business benefits they could expect. This is mainly due to lack of understanding of the links between KM and company's business performance. Understanding these links supports the validation of KM investment and can help explain what knowledge should be managed within an organisation to achieve performance improvement. It appears from literature analysis, that there is not straightforward link between KM and company's performance but rather a complex relationship. In such a prospect, the main research question that has inspired this study is: 'How can an organisation plan and evaluate a KM initiative designed to improve company's performances?' On the base of this question, this paper provides a framework—the Knowledge Assets Value Spiral (KAVS)—which focuses on how to apply KM initiatives in a step by step process to achieve company's performance improvements. The framework provides guidelines to plan, implement and evaluate KM initiatives that are linked to performance objectives. It is illustrated how organisations can identify their key knowledge assets as well as their interdependencies and better understand their role in causal dynamics in company's value delivering. The application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is proposed and a case example describing the application of the framework is illustrated. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Examines 2 interrelated questions: knowledge utilization and organizational learning. Whereas most treatments of these questions have in mind individuals, 'decision makers', makes an attempt to regard knowledge utilization and learning as organizational phenomena. The question of knowledge utilization, of knowledge growth in organizations, calls for the notion of organizational epistemology which has been neglected due to the prevailing view of organizational learning as experimental learning. To better appreciate the role of policy minded social science knowledge and information, proposes to conceptualize learning behaviour in terms of 'contest' rather than experimentation and verification. (Abstract amended)

This paper examines two interrelated questions: Knowledge utilization and organizational learning. Whereas most treatments o f these questions have in mind individuals, "decisionmakers," who are supposedly the learning agents, or the potential users of social science knowledge and information, my attempt will be to regard knowledge utilization and learning as organizational phenomena. A s such, the question of knowledge utilization, of learning, of knowledge growth in organizations, calls for the notion of organizational epistemology which has been neglected due to the prevailing view of organizational learning a5 experimental learning. The notion of organizational epistemology, or theory of knowledge, is, in turn, helpful in freeing both organizations from the naive empiricism we have attributed to them, and utilization‐minded researchers from the frustration that accompanies the repeatedly documented phenomenon on nonutilization. To better appreciate the role of policy minded social science knowledge and information, my proposal will be to conceptualize learning behavior in terms of "contest" rather than experimentation and verification.

This paper presents the problem of philosophical knowledge in Poland, against the background of the historical development of an actually dominant philosophical "knowledge-group". First, the question of the general understanding of philosophical knowledge, its criteria and its influence on the philosophical community is discussed. Secondly, there is an attempt to answer the question of the general understanding of philosophical knowledge and its influence on the situation in the job market in philosophy, in the context of the situation in the universities.

Science, technology and innovation have grown in importance over the last 50 years as we have moved towards a more knowledge-intensive society (the 'knowledge society'). A number of new research fields have emerged in an effort to understand these developments and to offer advice to decision-makers in government, industry and elsewhere. This special issue focuses on studies of three relatively distinct though thematically related research fields (innovation studies, entrepreneurship studies, and science and technology studies). The first three articles use a particular methodology based on analysis of the references cited in the chapters to authoritative 'handbooks' to identify the core contributions in the three fields. A fourth article examines the relationship between the core literatures in three fields and how this has evolved over time. Other articles look at the evolution of innovation studies as reflected in highly cited papers, at the development of entrepreneurship as seen by a key 'insider', and at the creation of new centres in these fields and the difficulties they face. The last article in this special issue shows how interdisciplinary centres in innovation studies suffer from research assessment systems that are intrinsically biased against interdisciplinary research. This introduction presents a synthesis of the articles in this special issue, discusses similarities and differences between the three fields and their development over time, and considers challenges for policy and governance arising from the research presented here.

The article explains a research program that stems from the author's recent book, How to think about social problems (1994), where she argues for a reorganization of the domains of knowledge in public policy and planning into explicit, pragmatic knowledge codes. The author argues that knowledge in the public policy and planning fields is the common knowledge necessary for informed and responsible participation in public affairs, and thus a necessary condition for creating participatory, democratic communities in modern society. The research project Thalia, outlined here, aims to show how expert knowledge in a relatively simple urban planning knowledge domain, urban forestry, can be made explicit and simulated. Thalia involves the appkation of an artificial intelligence cognitive architecture, FORR (FOr the Right Reasons), developed by computer scientist Susan Epstein. FORR is an architecture particularly promising for public policy and planning because of its ability to incorporate pluralism and pragmatism.