Suchergebnisse

The Progress of Education in India -- Preface -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- 1 Issues in International Higher Education -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 University Rankings -- 1.3 Student Learning -- 1.3.1 The Medium of Instruction in Higher Education -- 1.3.2 Group-preference in Higher Education -- Notes -- References -- 2 Inequality of Access to Education -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Attendance at Educational Institutions - The Gross Attendance Rate -- 2.3 Barriers to Educational Attendance: Model and Hypotheses -- 2.3.1 Social Group Disadvantage -- 2.3.2 Gender Disadvantage -- 2.3.3 Economic Disadvantage -- 2.3.4 Locational Disadvantage -- 2.3.5 Age Disadvantage -- 2.4 Estimating an Equation for Participation in Higher, and in Higher Secondary, Education -- 2.4.1 Marriage and Higher Education -- 2.4.2 Higher Secondary Education -- 2.5 Inter-temporal Comparison of the Probabilities of Attending Higher, and Higher Secondary, Education -- 2.6 How Much Inequality in Educational Attendance Can We Explain? -- 2.7 Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- 3 Learning Outcomes of School Children -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Testing Children's Abilities in Reading, Writing, and Arithmetic -- 3.3 Equity Sensitive Test Scores -- 3.3.1 A Diagrammatic Analysis -- 3.4 Evaluating the Factors Affecting Test Performance -- 3.5 Conclusions -- Notes -- Appendix Ordered Logit Methods -- References -- 4 Estimating the Benefits of Reservation in Higher Education -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 The Analytical Model -- 4.2.1 Some Methodological Qualifications -- 4.3 Decomposition Results -- 4.4 The Effectiveness of Reservation in Higher Education for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes -- 4.5 Measuring Fair Access to Higher Education -- 4.6 Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- 5 Inequality in Expenditures on Education -- 5.1 Introduction

The study is devoted to the applied analysis of the concept of multi-vector in the foreign policy of Recep Tayyip Erdogan during his presidency from 2014 to 2022. Türkiye's foreign policy is of particular interest to researchers. Ankara is actively involved in regional and world politics. Turkish foreign policy is characterized as multi-vector, but different approaches to the definition of Turkish multi-vector are used in scientific research. The purpose of the study is to identify the main vectors of R.T. Erdogan's personal diplomacy during his presidency. The relevance of the work lies in the application of a quantitative method that allows identifying the main vectors of R.T. Erdogan's foreign policy on the basis of the collected database of his foreign policy contacts. The method is different in that it is free from the influence of the researcher's personal preferences in analyzing foreign policy and the influence of individual high-profile, but isolated events. The database covers the entire period of the presidency of R.T. Erdogan from 2014 to the end of 2022 and includes all foreign policy contacts published on the website of the President of Türkiye. The developed methodology allows not only to see the main vectors of foreign policy, but also to assess their depth on the basis of mathematical calculations. As a result of the analysis, the main macro-regional vectors and countries in each of the vectors were identified, and the depth and quality of contacts with these countries were measured and presented. It was also found that the Turkish President actively interacts with the local level of government. Moreover, he implements the diplomacy of the second track. It covers the main macro-regional vectors from the side of public diplomacy. The database and the method allow us to assert that the policy of the Turkish president is indeed multi-vector, but the multi-vector nature of this policy is much deeper and goes beyond relations with countries. During the work, promising areas for future theoretical and applied research were identified.

This article is an analysis of metadata from 955 closed trials of Soviet people accused of being collaborators during World War ii. The trials reveal Soviet officials' understandings of who was capable of collaboration and what kinds of acts were collaboration. At the same time, the aggregate data from trials demonstrates that the accusations were grounded in the realities of the war and were not falsifications like the investigations of the Great Terror in the 1930s.

Un régime de retraite propre à l'Alberta (RRA) fait l'objet depuis peu d'un regain d'attention. Dans cet article, j'évalue la viabilité à long terme de ce régime, en utilisant à la fois un modèle quantitatif détaillé et des approches simples et intuitives. Je constate que la marge de manœuvre pour modifier les niveaux de prestations et les taux de cotisation par rapport au Régime de pensions du Canada (RPC) est modeste. Plus précisément, j'estime que le taux de cotisation minimum au RRA est de 8,2 %, comparativement à 9,5 % pour le taux de base du RPC. En tenant compte d'un coussin de 0,4 point de pourcentage, le même que pour le RPC, le taux de cotisation imposé au RRA par la loi passerait alors à 8,6 %. Ce chiffre contraste fortement avec un rapport récent commandé par le gouvernement (LifeWorks 2023), qui calcule un taux de cotisation de 5,9 %. J'explique cet écart et je montre qu'il dépend en grande partie de la façon dont on interprète la formulation imprécise de la Loi sur le Régime de pensions du Canada. Je considère également plusieurs risques pertinents. Par exemple, les flux migratoires nets positifs de l'Alberta constituent près des deux tiers de son avantage en matière de pensions. Et, selon l'horizon prévisionnel choisi, les risques d'investissement pourraient éliminer entièrement son avantage. Dans l'ensemble, cet article constitue une base actualisée non seulement pour évaluer les forces et les faiblesses du RRA, mais aussi pour comprendre, plus généralement, la viabilité des régimes de retraite.

China has been marked as a source country from which large volumes of precursor chemicals are shipped to foreign drug markets for synthetic drug production. However, the basic patterns of illicit distribution remain unclear. Data from closed criminal cases were extracted from legal files to develop an objective understanding of illicit distribution patterns in China. The sample consisted of 534 illicit supply cases involving 1481 individuals, three groups of precursor chemicals and 102 chemical manufacturing companies. The offenders could be categorised as lower-class offenders, occupational offenders and corporate offenders based on their profiles and criminal behaviours. Significant differences between the three groups of offenders and their specific patterns of chemical supply suggest a diverse, dynamic and complex nationwide supply network. To better understand this phenomenon in China's rapidly transitioning society, we provide a description of cultural, legal and political backgrounds, which may provide some explanations at the macro level.

China has been marked as a source country from which large volumes of precursor chemicals are shipped to foreign drug markets for synthetic drug production. However, the basic patterns of illicit distribution remain unclear. Data from closed criminal cases were extracted from legal files to develop an objective understanding of illicit distribution patterns in China. The sample consisted of 534 illicit supply cases involving 1481 individuals, three groups of precursor chemicals and 102 chemical manufacturing companies. The offenders could be categorised as lower-class offenders, occupational offenders and corporate offenders based on their profiles and criminal behaviours. Significant differences between the three groups of offenders and their specific patterns of chemical supply suggest a diverse, dynamic and complex nationwide supply network. To better understand this phenomenon in China's rapidly transitioning society, we provide a description of cultural, legal and political backgrounds, which may provide some explanations at the macro level.