Suchergebnisse

"Rache ist in Afghanistan ein Topf, der nie abkühlt" weiss Ali und lebt doch mit seiner jungen Frau Zakia wieder im Elternhaus. Zermürbt und schicksalsergeben nach langer Odyssee, auch wenn beide dort trotz Mauern und Wachhund kaum sicher wären, sollte Zakias zum Ehrenmord entschlossene Familie zurückkehren. Kulturellen, ethnischen und religiösen Hindernissen zum Trotz heirateten sie heimlich, flohen und wurden zu Idolen junger Afghanen, durch kurzzeitige Medienaufmerksamkeit im eigenen Land sowie die kontinuierliche Berichterstattung des Autors in der "New York Times". Daraus erwuchsen Geldspenden - Überlebensmittel in einer korrupten Gesellschaft. Selbst Analphabeten, ohne Internetkenntnis und nur eingeschränkt mit der Handynutzung vertraut, bemerkte das "junge und oft töricht agierende Liebespaar" aber wenig von seiner Bekanntheit. Nordland dokumentiert beider Geschichte, schildert beispielreich, sachlich und eindringlich afghanische Mentalität, kulturelle Normen und soziale Ordnung, die das Land zum "schlimmsten und gefährlichsten Ort der Welt für Frauen" machen . (1)

International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), which consists of military forces from more than 40 NATO and non-NATO countries, is now officially history. In combination with the Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF), the international intervention in Afghanistan has been one of the most lengthy operations in modern times. Such overwhelming effort requires reflection and evaluation. What have we learned from being part of this intervention? In this focus article I will go into one of the most important and demanding elements of this intervention - the civil-military space. The civil-military interaction played a significant role and received much attention, theoretical and practical. The question was about how various actors can contribute to a successful, holistic effort. I should say something about the term 'civil-military coordination' which focuses on the relationship between different actors, and then look into the Norwegian approach to civil-military relations. I would argue that the Norwegian approach was based on important principles, but could appear as immature and inflexible. I justify my claim by lifting some challenges and contradictions that have emerged, either because of - or despite - the introduction of the model. The newly appointed Afghan committee will give us considerable insight and several lessons and will be useful in future policies and practices. Already, however, two things for sure; firstly, that we will be asked to contribute in future military operations without being able to predict what these will contain (we have other words prepare us for many different contingencies). Secondly, under virtually all military operations be civilians present, with greater or lesser degree of contact between them. This civil-military dynamics often understood within the concept of civil-military cooperation (Rietje & Bollen 2008; Hoogensen Gjorv 2014 Hoogensen Gjorv & Gjorv 2014). Adapted from the source document.

The following is a report of a pilot study on nomad-sedentary relations viewed in terms of exchange. The study was conducted in the Zagros Mountains of Iran and in the central Hazarajat of Afghanistan during the summer of 1971. The research involved the application in a field situation of a theoretical framework that links exchange and social structure. In previous research we had investigated the relationship between social structure and exchange in societies having a particular kind of exchange system—the potlatch. Utilizing Levi-Strausss approach to structure, we have taken certain kinds of rules, preferential marriage rules or rules of succession, and built models of social structure on the basis of such rules (Levi-Strauss, 1963). These were related to other models based upon the analysis of exchange behavior. In an earlier volume, Feasting with Mine Enemy, we demonstrated the applicability of this approach in our analysis of six Northwest Coast societies by relating their different forms of social structure to the variations they exhibited in their potlatch activity (Rosman and Rubel, 1971). The purpose of the pilot study reported on here was to apply our conceptual framework relating exchange and social structure to more complex social systems.

When the Taliban were at the height of their power in 2001, Abbas Nazari's parents were faced with a choice: stay and face persecution in their homeland, or seek security for their young children elsewhere. The family's desperate search for safety took them on a harrowing journey from the mountains of Afghanistan to a small fishing boat in the Indian Ocean, crammed with more than 400 other asylum seekers. When their boat started to sink, they were mercifully saved by a cargo ship, the Tampa. However, one of the largest maritime rescues in modern history quickly turned into an international stand-off, as Australia closed its doors to these asylum seekers. The Tampa had unknowingly waded into the middle of Australia's national detention. While many of those rescued by the Tampa were the first inmates sent to the island of Nauru, Abbas and his family were some of the lucky few to be resettled in New Zealand. Twenty years after the Tampa affair, Abbas tells his amazing story, from living under Taliban rule, to spending a terrifying month at sea, to building a new life at the bottom of the world. A powerful and inspiring story for our times, After the Tampa celebrates the importance of never letting go of what drives the human spirit - hope

In the effort to put Afghanistan on the path to peace, it is necessary to consider all aspects of the struggle, one of which is to ensure the security of women & the promotion of their rights. After the fall of the Taliban, the author traveled to Afghanistan in spring 2003 to provide human rights & peace-building advocacy training to Afghan women working at all levels to achieve human rights for women. After decades of war & violence, especially under the Taliban, these women were eager to play a role in the transformation of their society. Three years later, however, peace continues to be elusive, & the promises of the international community to be largely unfulfilled. Of major concern is the failure to advance the status of women, which can be seen as a litmus test for success in this war-torn country. The tradition of gendered oppressive laws & women's lack of education & skills make their employment difficult at best, & women's health care is totally inadequate. The peace agreements sought to remedy this situation, but implementation of policies to help women is slow or nonexistent. In light of Canada's commitment to human security, it must be remembered that in addition to the rebuilding of social, political, & economic infrastructures, the fabric of society must be rebuilt as well, an area in which women can both participate & benefit if they are empowered to do so as part of the peace-building process. J. Stanton

Am 31. Dezember 2014 endet das Mandat der International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) der NATO. Dadurch, dass der neue afghanische Präsident Ashraf Ghani Ahmadzai am 30. September das "Bilateral Security Agreement" (BSA) zwischen den USA und Afghanistan sowie das korrespondierende "Status of Forces Agreement" (SOFA) zwischen der NATO und Afghanistan unterschrieben hat, besitzt die Nachfolgemission "Resolute Support", die ab 2015 die afghanischen Sicherheitskräfte u.a. in den Bereichen Logistik, Militärplanung, Ausbildung und rechtsstaatliches Handeln unterstützen soll, nunmehr einen klaren rechtlichen Rahmen. (Europäische Sicherheit & Technik / SWP)