Suchergebnisse

This research is devoted to the study of the examples of the early Kazakh folk dance kara jorga, also referred to as the dance of joints, preserved on the territory of Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia, and the Altai Region (Western Siberia, Russia). Research based on a generalized art history analysis, the characteristics of the performance of Kazakh dances on the territory of China, Mongolia, the Altai Region, and Kazakhstan are presented. The results of the study were obtained with the help of the historical analysis of the traditional culture of the Kazakhs of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st centuries, search expeditions, the study of scientific and methodological methods of professional and creative skills of performers, as well as the performing, research, and pedagogical experience that we have accumulated. Research includes analysis dance kara jorga in the aspect of "first" and "second" existence. It is considered in the context of two components of creativity (first – novelty, second – usefullness, effectiveness, or value) and the prospects of its application in the field of dance therapy.

We publish a collection of glass vessels originating from a burial ground of the 1st—2nd centuries AD, excavated in the vicinity of Kerch. We discuss their assortment, chronology, and role in the funerary rite. A characteristic feature of the funerary rite is the predominance of perfume vessels in children's burials, i. e. balsamaria of various sizes, and almost complete absence of tableware, characteristic mainly of male graves. The planigraphic distribution of burials with glass vessels in burial mound 2 allows us to identify, preliminarily, two stages of their circulation here: the early one, when all of them were probably still imported from afar, and the later one, reflecting the wider spread of glassware in the region — including, possibly, local production, by the late 1st century AD. The predominance of vessels, which spread widely on the Bosporus towards the late 1st — early 2nd century, suggests that the formation of some elements of the burial rite associated with the use of glass vessels as grave goods could be directly related to the beginning of their wide circulation in the region.

The article shows how the concept of «natural prophecy», which developed within the framework of Falsafa (the Hellenizing philosophy of classical Islam) and traditionally qualifi ed as heterodox, was revived in the works of Muslim modernists of the 19th-20th centuries (especially Jamalad-din al-Afghani, Muhammad Abdo and their followers), who focused on the reconstruction of theological discourse in the spirit of openness to religious and confessional diversity, scientifi c rationality and socio-cultural progress. In reformist theology were accumulated both rational substantiations of prophetism, which were characteristic of Falsafa: (1) socio-teleological, proceeding from the necessity of a prophet as a legislator, and (2) psycho-noetic, which appeals to the presence of a man with the ultimate exalted soul, especially in terms of intellectual intuition and creative imagination. Developing the Falsafa's thesis about two types of miracle as proof of the authencity of prophetic missions — «external» (material) and «adequate» (spiritual), modernists teach about the Quranic message as focusing exclusively on the second type. This marks the transition of humanity to the phase of adulthood, and with it the «sealing of the prophethood».

The article publishes the results of several years of excavations at the Babish-Mola settlement, on the territory of the ancient delta of the Syr Darya, where the agricultural Chirikrabat archaeological culture was widespread in the second half of the I millennium BC. During the three seasons of field research, the premises and a section of the bypass corridor in the north-western part of the building of the palace and temple complex — the "Big House" on the citadel of the settlement were partially opened. As a result of the work carried out on stratigraphic data, it was possible to identify three relatively different periods in the life of this site: the early one — the construction and short-term functioning of the building as a palace and two periods of habitation when the site was abandoned by the first inhabitants and fallen into disrepair. In the course of the research, a few, but quite expressive archaeological complexes were discovered, mainly fragments of ceramics, on the basis of which the lifetime of the site can be tentatively dated within the 4 th—2 nd centuries BC.

South Asia has been recognised by the World Bank as an important region in the Global South. It has achieved robust economic growth over the past 20 years which has helped in reducing poverty and improving standards of human development. On the other hand, 36% of the world's poor live in South Asia, so a lot more needs to be done. This article argues that South Asian countries need peace and stability in order to be able to concentrate on their economic development and achieve the UN's Sustainable Development Goals. Centuries of colonial rule had led to the impoverishment of the South Asian region and its people. It also created two states, India and Pakistan, that have never had good relations with each other. This has had an impact on regional cooperation and prevented the countries in the region from working together to achieve their developmental goals. The article concludes that while the region needs to sustain high economic growth rates, it does not automatically lead to the reduction of poverty. Other measures have to be adopted to promote the welfare of the people of South Asia.

La segregazione etnico-religiosa nel sistema educativo in Irlanda del Nord *
Ethnic-religious segregation in the education system of Northern Ireland
ABSTRACT: After many years of conflict, Northern Ireland still appears today as a deeply divided society that bears the marks of centuries of ethnic hostility with a strong religious connotation. The context in which, more than any other, the segregationist tension between the two communities, Protestant and Catholic, is still clearly perceivable is the education system, which is characterized by a significant separation of students according to their religious affiliation. The paper aims at reconstructing the origins and outlining the focal points of such an education system, which was recently brought to the attention of the Northern Ireland Supreme Court, with reference to discrimination against students belonging to other religions or beliefs.
SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. Le origini del conflitto politico-religioso - 3. Le persistenti difficoltà politiche e le ricadute sui rapporti interconfessionali - 4. La segregazione scolastica - 5. Profili di discriminazione religiosa nell'accesso alla scuola - 6. La discriminazione nell'insegnamento della religione: la recente pronuncia della High Court of Justice of Northern Ireland - 7. Conclusioni.

It is the first full publication of the whole stock of finds from the ruins of the
Church of the Savior in Staraya Ladoga (N. E. Brandenburg, 1886—1887), rare in
composition and significance, which has been kept in the State Historical Museum for
more than a hundred years. The finds were discovered on the floor under the collapsed
arches in the central part of the temple, the construction of which dates back to the
middle of the 12 th — the first half of the 13 th century, the estimated time of
destruction is the 16th century. It included intact chandeliers and two candlesticks, as
well as jewelry. The latter, as it was possible to establish, were elements of the
precious decoration of the icon, which enhanced the sacred expressiveness of a
especially revered icon, but also of the architectural space of the temple. An analysis
of these materials showed that this ensemble of church decoration items was formed
mainly in the 13 th—14 th centuries and remained there until the time of the collapse of
the temple.

This article classifies and analyzes the assimilation words expressed in masnavi "Gulshan ul-asror" of Haydar Khorezmi's, one of the mature representatives of our classical literature, who lived and worked in Khorezm in the late XIV and early XV centuries. It is natural that the interaction, neighborliness and trade relations of peoples of different languages have an impact on the development of their languages, first of all, on their vocabulary. As a results, there are cases of exchange and assimilation. In general, it is expedient to analyze foreign words in the lexicon of Turkic languages by dividing them into two groups:1) ancient (pre-Islamic) period which Sanskrit, Sogdian and Chinese elements are specific;2) relatively new (Islamic and post-Mongol) period. This group includes Arabic, Persian-Tajik and Mongolian dialects. In this study, we examine the pre-Islamic state of the lexemes of the assimilation layer mentioned in the Masnavi. The emergence of Sugd, Sanskrit and Chinese assimilation words in the vocabulary of Turkic languages is assessed as a product of the close ties of the Turkic peoples with the Sughd, Indian, Chinese and Khorezm peoples since ancient times.

Abstract
In the early 2000s, Dipesh Chakrabarty powerfully defined the historical terms at stake in the shift from the postcolonial to the Anthropocene era, arguing that the posthuman image of a world without us profoundly contradicts historical practices for visualizing time. The notion of history that his essay foregrounded, however, can itself be historicized as a fantasy of modernity, one Édouard Glissant described as "History [with a capital H]." Using Glissant's psychoanalytically inflected insights as a starting point, this article argues that our dominant modes of historical thinking are always already colored by the anxieties and neurotic symptoms of the colonialist viewer. The argument then traces experimental hypotheses regarding the near and deep history of the human by key figures from the late nineteenth through the early twenty-first centuries—such as Sigmund Freud and Octave Mannoni, Paul Gilroy and Sylvia Wynter, and Frank Wilderson and Bruno Latour—as they grapple with two intimations: that the subject picturing a "world without us" is neurotic and that alternative historical sensibilities may lie on the other side of our apocalyptic imagination of the "end of the world."

Right from the beginning, Kongu Nadu was a part of ancient Tamil Nadu. They were also the sons of the soil. The ancient Kongu Country is well known as Kongu Nadu and had commercial contact with the western world during the first few centuries of the Christian era. To substantiate this, more than two thousand Roman Coins were unearthed from important places like Velanthavalam, Anaimalai, Pollachi, Vellalur, Karuvur and Kalyamuthur of Kongu Country ranging from 1st Century B.C to the 4th Century AD. There are many references in the Devaram, Periyapuranam and Paripadal about the twenty highways connecting Kongu Country with Pandya Country facilitating the communication, commercial and military systems with the neighbour states, and so many Significances are there in Kongu Nadu. Though the Kongu Nadu is still populated by mostly agricultural communities, they are still politically and culturally very powerful communities. The Kongu leaders had so much freedom, reverence and respect during all three regions of Pandya, Cholas and Cheras. The people were efficient and had extensive internal as well as foreign contacts.

Metal (presumably bronze) mirrors are rather numerous in the early nomadic burials. This study pursues two goals: (1) analysis of burials with mirrors based on the representative data base from the Southern Ural area (the end of the 6th—2nd centuries BCE) and (2) interpretation of symbolism related to mirrors in the mortuary context. The sample consists of 90 anthropologically identified undisturbed burials with mirrors. Of these, 75 burials belonged to females (83.3 %), 11 — to males (12.2 %) and 4 — to sub-adults (4.5 %). The author has analyzed the distribution of objects according to age/gender groups and the correlation between mirrors and other grave goods (ornaments, weapons and cultic items). As a result, we can conclude that mirrors are artifacts of complex symbolism, being objects of everyday life, vertical status and cult, at the same time. It can be confirmed by their position near the head or to the right of the body, the finds of precious and rare mirrors, as well as the location of mirrors in complexes of various objects of cult.

The author publishes a unique hoard of bronze objects found in the area of the Irdyk gorge in the southeastern part of the Issyk-Kul region. It consisted of three pairs of items: daggers, sickles and mirrors that were not accidental. There was a stylized relief image in the Scythian-Siberian animal style on the one of the two mirrors. This mirror is the first known find of such type from the territory of the Saka culture of the Tien Shan region. The other items from the hoard have analogies in the materials of previously known burial grounds and hoards of the Saka period in this region. This allows relating the hoard from Irdyk to the 7th — first half of the 6th centuries BC. Presence of paired objects in this hoard also attracts attention because it is observed in the Tien Shan region for the first time. Presence of these three categories of items in the hoard can be attributed as a ritual offering from the three most important social groups of the Saka society — priests, warriors, plain herdsmen and farmers, that is also confirmed by the ancient written accounts.

Abstract: Classic Edward Said's term Orientalism was widely applied to those narratives and story-telling oriented to deride, subordinate and domesticate the "Non- Western Other". Over centuries, Europe has developed an imperial matrix that is finely enrooted
in an uncanny long-dormant paternalism where "the Other" was treated as a child to educate. The European expansion was ultimately feasible according to two combined factors. The knowledge productions by the hands of scientists occupied a great position in the entertainment of global
readerships, and of course, the literary fiction embodied in the figure of travel writing. This literary genre was mainly marked by the presence of a European adventurer who launched to colonize an unknown (uncivilized) world. Travel writings spoke us of the native language of travelers who
interrogated furtherly the natives. The present paperwork centers on what Derrida dubbed as "the axiom of hospitality" which means the power of language to control and domesticate the "Other". The lingua franca not only represents the language of empire but also from
the lords. In this way, world Language plays a leading role in giving a great cosmology of the surrounding world as well as legitimating the imperial expansion.

Some words emerge at a given moment to catalyse ideas and give new meaning to old terminology. Innovation and design are two such words. Innovation has traditionally been linked with the Applied Sciences, especially technology, whereas advances in the PureSciences tend to be termed discoveries, inventions, or creations. However, for decades now, innovation has been a leitmotiv in all fields of scientific knowledge in both the Pure and the Applied Sciences. Design has also emerged from the niche it once occupied for decades (andeven centuries) at least insofar as its impact on the History of Science and of Philosophy is concerned. In fact, design's introduction into the academic world has gone hand-in-hand with Art and its impact on our daily lives. This paper analyses innovation processes in boththe Pure and the Applied Sciences to discover how far new design theories over the last few decades have influenced innovation in fields such as Epistemology and Technology. We focus on Design Epistemology and methodological innovation, specifically in connectionwith design simulations and methodological models. We also look at the underlying design technologies and the key role they play in innovation processes.

This paper deals with an ethnic-religious minority whose members call themselves Yazidis. The aim of the work is to examine how the adaptation of the Yazidis emigrating to Germany, the process of integration into the majority society seems to be successful and how, despite their will to integrate, they try to guard and preserve their ethnic identity and culture. The theoretical part contains a branch anchoring of the topic and an explanation of key concepts such as ethnic identity, diaspora, Yazidism and etymology of the word. The practical part acquaints the reader more closely with the mysterious and closed society after centuries, which begins to reveal itself to the world only in the last decade. In the practical part of the work are interpreted qualitative data collected from field research, which the author carried out in two trips to Germany at the end of September 2020 and early January 2021. For data collection was used the method of qualitative research. The method of participatory observation was applied to data collection, in which the researcher lived in a traditional Yazidi family and participated in daily routine.