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Development is a project of hope, guided by the aspiration for greater social justice and emancipation of the poor and disadvantaged in the world. Over the past decade postdevelopment critics have argued that this project of hope has failed, and, instead

Development is a project of hope, guided by the aspiration for greater social justice and emancipation of the poor and disadvantaged in the world. Over the past decade postdevelopment critics have argued that this project of hope has failed, and, instead

This essay situates a recent French marriage annulment scandal in the context of debates about Islam, gender, and immigration; the relationship between the secularism of French law and Catholic marriage law; and the history of Muslim law under French colonial rule.

Over the past two decades, young people from Eastern and Central Europe have found themselves confronted with a dual challenge: they had to manage their own transition into adulthood and experience the transformation of their societies. Unemployment and precarious working conditions may have led to a diffuse sense of dissatisfaction and sporadic protests among young people. However, a new generation with a political vision is not in sight in Eastern Europe. Adapted from the source document.

New strategies to protect and popularize indigenous knowledge have emerged in recent years as interest in indigenous knowledge has intensified. This article probes one of the more common such strategies: collection, analysis, and classification of indigenous knowledge in publicly available databases. The article examines the viability of the strategy of database construction and the ironies involved by focusing especially upon the process by which indigenous knowledge is scientized. It investigates the practical, epistemological, and political consequences of the scientization of knowledge and argues that many of the weaknesses involved in creating databases stem from inadequate attention to power relations in which indigenous peoples exist. 1 Photograph, 26 References. (Original abstract - amended)

In acknowledging the possibility that as the world changes so too does racism, this book argues that racism is not disappearing. To the contrary, racisms persist by transforming into different forms whose intent or effects remain the same: to deny and disallow and to exclude and exploit.

Digital telecommunication technology has expanded the mobile phone's role for being increasingly used as a weapon against authoritarian regimes around the world in recent years. The proliferation of mobile phones in China also nurtures growing mobile-phone–facilitated popular protests, with the increasing use of mobile media as a key resource for not just proliferating censored information, but also facilitating demonstrations and triggering "mass incidents" (quntixing shijian). Nevertheless, very few studies address systematically the role of mobile phones in conventional forms of popular protests, let alone communication via mobile phones and its political implications for contentious activities and public engagement in contemporary China. To fill this void, this study examines spontaneous mobilization via mobile phones, with a focus on several concrete popular protests in rural and urban areas. It investigates how Chinese citizens have expanded the political uses of mobile phones to initiate, facilitate, and empower offline popular protests. Drawing upon more than 40 in-depth interviews, this study demonstrates that the dynamic of mobile-communication–facilitated contentious activities lies both in the incorporation of more interpersonal, horizontal communication and in the articulation of social experience in people's everyday lives. It concludes and theorizes that the dynamic of mobile activism lies both in the incorporation of more interpersonal, horizontal communication and in the articulation of social experience in everyday lives.

Because of its potential to disrupt economic development, it
is necessary to understand the dynamics of ethnic conflict in the
contemporary world. A prevalent trend in the study of ethnicity is to
focus on the creation and/or maintenance of ethnic identities and
mobilisation on the basis of those identities as groups compete for
resources, opportunities, or political power in the context of the
nation-state [Barth (1969); Brass (1985); Comaroff (1987); Mumtaz
(1990)]. In this approach, an ethnic group's distinguishing
markers-language, custom, dress, etc.-are treated less as manifestations
of tradition which define or create the group and more as arenas of
negotiation and contestation in which people strive to realise their
practical and symbolic interests. This happens as individuals or
families, pursuing their livelihoods with the skills and resources
available to them, find (or create) opportunities or obstacles which
appear to be based on' ethnic criteria. The state can intensify this
process as it uses positive or negative discrimination in order to
achieve some desired distribution of wealth and opportunity. In turn,
political leadership becomes a key in realising the experience of shared
ethnic interests. Leadership develops as a kind of dual legitimation
process, i.e., as individuals or organisations seek to be accepted as
spokesmen both by members of the group itself and by
outsiders.

Snouck Hurgronje, the advisor of Government of Netherland in Indonesia observed that Islam could be seen from two aspects: ritual and politic. "Give the full freedom to the Indonesian Muslims to conduct their religious doctrines related to the spiritual aspects, and do not give them the full freedom related the political aspects," his suggestions at the time to the General Governor of Netherland to Indonesia. His view hence inspired the future leaders of Indonesia, Soekarno and Soeharto, particularly in the New Order under the President Soeharto. In the beginnings of his power he freed from the prisons the Masyumi figures, but did not permit to this Muslim organizations to rebirth; he forced all Islamic political parties to merger under one party, the PPP; he forced all political parties and mass organizations to use Pancasila as sole basic; he build hundreds of mosques every month; he supported the formation of ICMI (Association for Indonesian Muslim Intellectuals); he hesitated to capture and sent the prisons who criticized vocally all his policies, and this sad condition goes to continue till more than 30 years of his power. The time of big mutiny come to real condition following the all university students entire the archipelago came down to the streets and demanded Soeharto to resign, or they forced him to come down, and finally the fall of his power happened in 1998 with the sad ending, and it is the logical consequence of his politicization of Islam.

Incorporating an intermediate input into a simple small‐union general‐equilibrium model, this paper first develops the welfare economics of preferential trading under the rules of origin (ROO) and then demonstrates that ROOs can improve the political viability of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs). Two interesting outcomes are derived. First, a welfare‐reducing FTA that was rejected in the absence of ROOs can become feasible in the presence of these rules. Second, a welfare‐ improving FTA that was rejected in the absence of ROOs can be endorsed in their presence, but upon endorsement it can become welfare inferior relative to the status quo.

This book provides a rigorous, concise guide to the current status and future prospects of the global energy system. As we move away from fossil fuels and toward clean energy solutions, the complexity of the global energy system has increased. Tagliapietra cuts through this complexity with a multidisciplinary perspective of the system, which encompasses economics, geopolitics, and basic technology. He goes on to explore the main components of the global energy system - oil, natural gas, coal, nuclear energy, bioenergy, hydropower, geothermal energy, wind energy, solar energy, marine energy - as well as energy consumption and energy efficiency. It then provides an in-depth analysis of the pivotal issues of climate change and of energy access in Africa.