Suchergebnisse

Under what conditions does science influence environmental policy? International Relations (IR) scholars, such as Peter M Haas, have argued that to gain political influence, science should not connect to policy before scientific consensus has been reached. We take this suggestion as a point of departure for investigating how science is and should be connected to policy in international environmental governance. Using insights from the field of Science and Technology Studies (STS), the contribution of IR is critically discussed, both to present its limitations and, primarily, to further develop the understanding of scientific consensus within IR and the need for separation and connections between science and policy. The organization and performance of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), including the various assessments made by scholars from IR and STS, is used as an illustrative case. From the discussion of IR and STS and the role of the IPCC in climate policy, we conclude that the focus within STS on contextual and informal factors could shed light on how science and technology are understood by IR scholars, who focus more on the formal organizational design of the interplay between science and policy.

Veganism is a complex and multidimensional phenomenon. In addition to being viewed as a dietary choice, it is also studied in various disciplines as a cultural movement, lifestyle, or even as a climate change adaptation and mitigation strategy. Due to its complexity, there is a growing interest in studying veganism through sociological lenses. The aim of this research is to provide a systematic overview of the current sociological literature on veganism. This analysis follows the PRISMA systematic literature review protocol and includes academic articles published in English between 2000 and 2022. The study has been organised around 3 main research questions to reveal the scope and intensity of sociological research on veganism, its methodological aspects, and the conceptualisation of veganism. The results suggest an emerging discourse of veganism as a lifestyle movement and the orientation of studies toward qualitative research. A variety of veganism concepts used in the sociological literature indicate the potential of different strands of research.

Using a first-person narrative, harassment suffered as a result of the 1971 publication of Race, Intelligence and Education (Eysenck, H., London: Temple Smith [published in US as The IQ Argument, New York: Library Press]), which argued that genetic factors play a role in the development of human intelligence, is described. Acts of cruelty experienced included physical assault by a group of Maoists while delivering a lecture, threats to the author's family, & accusations of racism. It is argued that many crucial arguments of the book were misrepresented by the media, some of which accused the author of being a racist & fascist; others simply dismissed the book as unsound scholarship. The main claim of the book is clarified: ie, one's genetic predisposition contributes to the formation of differing levels of intelligence. The dangers of academic censorship & the duty of scientists are also discussed, & a resolution for scientific freedom is presented. 3 References. W. Howard

The political ecology of Pseudonovibos spiralis and the virtuous corruption of virtual science -- The political ecology of conservation biology -- Climate science as 'post-normal' science -- Defending the litany : the attack on The skeptical environmentalist -- Sound science and political science -- Science and its social and political context.

Applied Social Sciences: Education Sciences is a collection of essays specific to the field of education. The volume contains both essays on general issues in education (education in antiquity, discipline in early childhood, quality of the educational process, formative assessment, pedagogical approaches to literature, teacher training, gender stereotypes in education, and education and media) and essays on education in elementary school (curriculum design options, and science achievement in