Suchergebnisse

The fifth enlargement of the European Union, apart from the most demanding in terms of preparation for the candidates and EU institutions has been the most ambiguous in terms of potential impacts both on economic and political spheres. In this paper we try to identify the directions of potential consequences based on the performance of the new countries during the pre-accession period and the degree of preparation by the time of the first part of accession. The preliminary assessments show that EU and newcomers economies shall face a series of positive impacts in terms of growth, productivity, employment and competitiveness, though to different degrees, while political and social conditions will continue to improve. The greatest challenge for EU policy makers, will continue being the assurance of socio-economic stability during the biggest enlargement ever in EU, yet, with less intervention through an adjusted to the new needs decision making process. ; peer-reviewed

Providing concise definitions and explanations on all aspects of the European Union, this new edition also includes details of the ten states which became full members of the European Union in May 2004. The dictionary:* contains over 1,000 entries* explains the terminology surrounding the EU and outlines the roles and significance of the institutions, member countries, programmes and policies, treaties and personalities* offers clear and succinct definitions* spells out acronyms and abbreviations

Considering the volatile political, economic and security present environment, the European Union is currently facing more challenges than ever before in its existence. In addition to the challenges deriving directly from its status as a political-economical union of states, the EU is facing increasingly serious security challenges. Some of these challenges are not new, such as those identified in the seminal document "A Secure Europe in a Better World' adopted by EU in 2010 (which singles out five key threats: terrorism, proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, regional conflicts, state failure, organized crime). Other security challenges have emerged more recently, such as illegal migration or the worsening of the relations with Russia. Although the nature of these challenges is related to security and defense, many of them have economic implications and it is the purpose of this paper to analyze the complex interactions between the security and the economic challenges faced by the EU, and also by the individual member countries. ; peer-reviewed

Preliminary Material /E. Guild and P. Minderhoud -- Introduction: Migration And Law In Europe /Kees Groenendijk -- Citizenship In Motion: The Development Of The Freedom Of Movement For Citizens In The Case-Law Of The Court Of Justice Of The European Union /Jonathan Tomkin -- EU Free Movement Of Persons And Member States' Solidarity Systems: Searching For A Balance /Herwig Verschueren -- The Privileged Treatment Of Turkish Nationals /Denis Martin -- Has Europeanization Silenced Criticism On Intergovernmental External Border Cooperation? /Helen Oosterom-Staples -- The EU Acquis On Irregular Migration Ten Years On: Still Reinforcing Security At The Expense Of Rights? /Ryszard Cholewinski -- The Good, The Bad And The Ugly In EU Migration Law: Is The European Parliament Becoming Bad And Ugly? (The Adoption Of Directive 2008/115: The Returns Directive) /Diego Acosta Arcarazo -- Detention Of Foreigners /Galina Cornelisse -- The Impact Of The Treaty Of Lisbon Over EU Policies On Migration, Asylum And Borders: The Struggles Over The Ownership Of The Stockholm Programme /Sergio Carrera -- Common EU Standards On Asylum – Optional Harmonisation And Exclusive Procedures? /Jens Vedsted-Hansen -- The Externalisation Of European Migration Control And The Reach Of International Refugee Law /T. Gammeltoft-Hansen -- The Long-Term Residents Directive: A Fulfilment Of The Tampere Objective Of Near-Equality? /Louise Halleskov Storgaard -- Love Thy Neighbour: Family Reunification And The Rights Of Insiders /Betty De Hart -- An Ideal Husband? Marriages Of Convenience, Moral Gate-Keeping And Immigration To The United Kingdom /Helena Wray -- Effective Remedies For Third Country Nationals In EU Law: Justice Accessible To All? /Evelien Brouwer -- Access To An Effective Remedy Before A Court Or Tribunal In Asylum Cases /Marcelle Reneman -- Immigration, Asylum And The European Union Charter Of Fundamental Rights /Steve Peers -- Appendix /E. Guild and P. Minderhoud -- List of Contributors /E. Guild and P. Minderhoud -- Index /E. Guild and P. Minderhoud.

Abstract
This paper explores the impact of refugees on the size of the underground economy in 28 European Union countries over the period from 1998 to 2017. It applies a nonlinear methodology by employing dynamic panel threshold estimations. The main findings uncover a nonlinear connection between refugees and the informal economy with an inverted V-shape and a different magnitude of effects depending on the share of the refugee population. The underground economy is stimulated at a low level of refugee inflows (where immigrants make up <0.572% of the total population). Large inflows compress the underground economy, which increases competition in the labor market based on lower labor costs. Economic growth and international trade play a crucial role in reducing the size of the informal economy. Equally importantly, coherent unemployment policy and adequate regulation of illegal immigrants support this process.

The historic origins and character of the EU legal order -- The political and legal institutions of the European Union -- The sources of EU law -- The legislative process -- Enforcement of EU law (through 'direct' and 'indirect' actions) -- Article 267 TFEU and the preliminary reference procedure -- The relationship between EU law and national law' supremacy -- The relationship between EU Law and national law' direct effect -- State liability -- The internal market -- Citizenship of the Union -- The free movement of workers -- Freedom of establishment and the freedom to provide and receive services under Articles 49 and 56 TFEU -- The free movement of goods and Articles 34 and 35 TFEU -- Article 28 TFEU and customs tariffs and Article 110 TFEU and discriminatory internal taxation -- EU competition law -- Social policy -- Discrimination law -- The wider social influence of the EU

This edited collection examines the changing role of the legal profession as experts in the context of European Union policy-making. Drawing on theoretical and empirical research and the idea of law as a social and political practice, this socio-legal work brings together a group of legal scholars and political scientists to investigate how lawyers, through the deployment of their expertise and knowledge, act as experts in matters of EU related policy-making at the national, European and international levels. It provides new theoretical viewpoints and untold stories from legal experts themselves, promotes an evolving definition of what constitutes legal expertise and what shapes legal experts in a time when experts are in equal measure both revered and ignored, and introduces new critical voices in the field of EU socio-legal studies

On 9 September 2010 the body of a man who had fallen from a British Airways flight to Heathrow was discovered in a wealthy west-London suburb. It is hard to pinpoint any one precise origin of the migration crisis currently unfolding in Europe, but the migrant who fell from the sky in his extreme efforts to enter a Europe otherwise closed to him was to foreshadow something on a much larger scale which has shaken European integration to its very core. The mass movement of more than a million refugees and migrants (many fleeing conflicts in Syria, Afghanistan and Iraq) into European countries during 2015, the migration crisis so called, has generated an extreme level of disruption and disunity in the European Union and its member states as they strive to deal with the arrivals. But the crisis is, first and foremost, a humanitarian catastrophe of a kind unseen in Europe since the 1930s and 40s. Images from Lesbos and Lampedusa, among others, bear witness to the magnitude of the human cost of the crisis, which is still growing at an alarming rate at the time of writing. This note argues that the humanitarian crisis points to more deep-seated and long-standing problems in the governance of the European Union. As the EU and its member states struggle with the pressures of mass movement of displaced people, the treatment of those people exposes what can only be described as a crisis of European values. It is, in many ways, a stark expos{acute}e of shortcomings in the application of European fundamental rights, humanitarian law, and neighbourhood policy.

This paper develops a simultaneous equations model to test the process of interaction between foreign direct investment, exports and economic growth in three Middle Eastern countries: Egypt, Jordan, Oman, and test for any possible feedback effects. Most of the FDI in these countries flows from the EU. The simultaneous equations model results suggest that higher rates of economic growth result in a greater inflow of foreign capital. The regression results also suggest that interest rate differentials exert a much stronger effect than economic growth on the attraction of foreign capital in the case of Egypt. However, this variable does not seem to play a significant role in the case of Oman. Moreover, the simultaneous equations model results suggest that there is a feedback effect in the relationship between economic growth and capital inflow in all sample countries. A greater inflow of foreign capital leads to growth in the exports of good and services. The expansion in exports leads to growth in GNP, which in turn, encourages the attraction of more foreign capital. ; peer-reviewed