Suchergebnisse

Más allá de su impacto en los dominios de la salud, la economía y la política, la pandemia asociada al COVID-19 ha dado lugar a fenómenos de naturaleza discursiva, particularmente en cuanto a los modos en que las sociedades han atribuido sentido a la crisis originada por la propagación descontrolada del virus. A partir de un enfoque sociosemiótico, en este artículo se analiza el proceso de construcción de la identidad colectiva de los trabajadores sanitarios durante la pandemia. Luego de presentar de manera general a la semiótica como la disciplina interesada por el sentido y la significación, se examinan cuatro mecanismos semióticos identificables en los procesos de construcción discursiva de las identidades colectivas, con el fin de estudiar cómo estos se han manifestado durante la pandemia, en el caso específico de los trabajadores sanitarios. Como se demuestra, el caso permite visualizar de manera clara los mecanismos semióticos de segmentación, actorialización, generalización y axiologización. ; Besides its impact in health, economics, and politics, the COVID-19 pandemic has allowed the emergence of phenomena of discursive nature, specifically regarding the solutions societies have found to make sense of the crisis caused by the uncontrolled spread of the virus. From a socio-semiotic approach, this article analyzes the collective identity construction process of the healthcare workers during the pandemic. After generally introducing semiotics as the discipline interested in meaning-making and signification, this paper studies four semiotic mechanisms that can be identified in the processes of discursive construction of collective identities. The aim is to explore how those have been developed during the pandemic in the specific case of healthcare workers. As it is shown, the case renders visible the semiotic mechanisms of segmentation, actorialization, generalization, and axiologization.

The novel Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) has been spreading through all the world fastly leading to a massive public reaction. The knowledge and attitude toward measures for prevention are essential in the control of pandemic infection. Pandemics may contribute to intensified levels of stress, and anxiety is a natural reaction to any stressful situation. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes towards, anxiety and perceive mental health care among Brazilian Population from Goiás State during COVID-19 pandemic. An online survey was conducted, and a total of 251 responses were received. The participants were older than 18 years, with an average of 33.95. The participants demonstrated a moderate level of knowledge about the COVID-19 infection and its preventive aspects with more than 92% believing that social distance is essential to stop the virus spread and 93.2% agreeing to quarantine or isolate themselves if they present symptoms. Sleep difficulties and distress related to social media were reported in 20.8% and 48.6% of participants, respectively. Most agreed on the need for mental healthcare and assistance from professionals during the pandemic. Our results reflect the need to raise awareness and discuss people's mental health concerns and highlights the urgent need for the government and professional associations be prepared to deal with the psychological effects of the pandemic. ; La COVID-19 es la enfermedad infecciosa causada por el coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) que se ha estado extendiendo por todo el mundo y ha llevado a una reacción pública masiva. El conocimiento y la actitud hacia las medidas de prevención son esenciales para el control de la infección pandémica. Las pandemias pueden contribuir a aumentar los niveles de estrés, y la ansiedad es una reacción natural a cualquier situación estresante. Este estudio tenía por objeto evaluar los conocimientos, actitudes, ansiedad y percepción de la atención de salud mental entre la población brasileña del estado de Goiás durante la pandemia COVID-19. Se realizó una encuesta en línea y se recibió un total de 251 respuestas. Los participantes eran mayores de 18 años, con un promedio de 33,95. Los participantes demostraron un nivel moderado de conocimiento sobre la infección por COVID-19 y sus aspectos preventivos, con más del 92% de la convicción de que la distancia social es esencial para detener la propagación del virus y el 93,2% de la misma aceptó someterse a cuarentena o aislarse si presentaban síntomas. Las dificultades de sueño y la angustia relacionada con las medias sociales fueron reportadas en 20,8% y el 48,6% de los participantes, respectivamente. La mayoría estuvo de acuerdo en la necesidad de atención de la salud mental y de la asistencia de los profesionales durante la pandemia. Nuestros resultados reflejan la necesidad de crear conciencia y debatir los problemas de salud mental de las personas y resaltan la urgente necesidad de que el gobierno y las asociaciones profesionales estén preparados para enfrentar a los efectos psicológicos de la pandemia. ; O novo coronavírus (SARS-CoV-2), causador da doença COVID-19, tem se propagado mundialmente de forma devastadora, causando diversos impactos na sociedade. O conhecimento e atitudes em relação às medidas de prevenção são essenciais para o controle da doença. Além disso, com a pandemia os sintomas de stress e ansiedade tem sido intensificado. Este estudo buscou avaliar o conhecimento, as atitudes e questões relacionadas com nível de ansiedade e percepção dos cuidados com a saúde mental durante a pandemia entre a população do estado de Goiás, Brasil. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa online, e um total de 251 respostas foram recebidas e analisadas. Os participantes demonstraram um nível moderado de conhecimento sobre a doença e seus aspectos preventivos. Mais de 92% dos participantes responderam que o distanciamento social é essencial para impedir a propagação do vírus e 93,2% concordaram em isolar-se caso apresentem sintomas. Dificuldades para dormir e sentimentos de angústia foram relatados em 20,8% e 48,6% dos participantes, respectivamente. A maioria dos participantes concordaram com a necessidade de cuidados em saúde mental e assistência profissional durante a pandemia. Nossos resultados refletem a necessidade de ações de sensibilização sobre saúde mental durante a pandemia e reforça a necessidade urgente do governo na efetivação de políticas públicas direcionadas à esta questão.

SUMMARY Many recent research has pointed the existence of an exceptional perturbation of classical and social media agenda during the period of outbreak of Covid-19 from january to may 2020. But the majority of studies are focusing on isolated countries and propose *ad hoc* explanations of the variation of salience of the topic by specific international events (e.g. declaration of WHO) or national political decisions (e.g. date and forms of lockdown). The perspective of the research proposed here is different as we try to catch a perturbation of the world agenda of media, assuming the existence of a globalization of the crisis at one point of time, producing a mega-bubble effect which appear to some extent exceptional as compared to events observed during the last 30 years. Our overarching hypothesis can be formulate as follow : The Covid media outbreak is not a classical historical focusing event like Sept. 11 terror attacks of 2001 in the US. It is rather a giant case of international spreading with a complexity of form and a level of intensity that has never been observed during the last 30 years. 1. Definition of the research objec t The word coronavirus can be considered as a signal that reveals the presence of a media outbreak that has been disseminated in the majority of stories published by newspapers during the first months of year 2020. The word covid-19 is a mutation of the initial diseases but participate from the same outbreak. Coronavirus or covid-19 can be identified in all languages of the world. We define therefore a function of infection of news by viral words by a boolean function 2. Data collection 1. **Mediacloud** appears as the most interesting source for analysis of recent events. It will be chosen for an extended spatial coverage at global scale (125 medias from 25 countries). 2. Factiva or Europresse are very similar in terms of content. They are usefull for the collection of full text and for the realisation of historical comparisons (9 medias and 3 press agencies) with previous global events. 3. Covid-19 as giant focusing event ? We started from the initial assumption that both events belongs to the category of focusing events defined by Birkland as *' an event that is sudden; relatively uncommon; can be reasonably defined as harmful or revealing the possibility of potentially greater future harms; has harms that are concentrated in a particular geographical area or community of interest; and that is known to policy makers and the public simultaneously.'* Source : Birkland, Thomas A. 1997. After Disaster: Agenda Setting, Public Policy, and Focusing Events. Georgetown University Press. Then we test the hypothesis The level of salience reached by the Covid-19 is exceptional, compared to the reference event of Sept. 11 which can be divided in sub-hypothesis - H1 The peak of coverage of covid-19 is higher than the one observed in Sept. 11 - H2 The duration of the peak of high coverage is longer for Covid-19 than for Sept.11 - H3 The world coverage is more homogeneous for Covid-19 than for Sept. 11 The hypothesis H1, H2 and H3 are validated. But we can really ask if the two events belongs to the same category. In mathematical terms, it appears obvious that it is note the case. Sept.11 attack can be modelised as a transition between two state with a schock and an exponetial decline. Covid-19 is better approximated by a logistic curve, at less until mid-april. 4. Covid-19 as giant spreading international event ? The logistic model is not sufficient to describe the complexity of the curves associated to the salience of covid-19 in daily newspaper. When data are collected at the level of days, we can notice a lot of discontinuities revealing changing in slopes or intercepts. The final part of the paper will discuss some proposal for the modelisation of the complex curves established for the 125 media of 25 countries. And finally adress some hypothesis concerning the explication of the multiple breakpoints that are revealed by the analysis of the different countries : - influence of global events like declarations of WHO ? - co-variation between number of cases/deaths and number of news ? - influence of national events like beginning and end of lockdown ? - Regional effects related to diffusion of news between neighbouring countries ?

The spread of the novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) makes the search for new approaches to prevent the infection of great importance. As one of the relevant approaches, the vaccination of risk groups with BCG vaccine has recently been suggested. BCG (Mycobacterium bovis, Bacillus Calmette–Guérin) is a live vaccine for tuberculosis, which is used in many countries with a high tuberculosis prevalence and helps preventing childhood tuberculosis, primarily, military disease and tuberculosis meningitis. Whether BCG may be used to increase the protection against COVID-19 is currently a question of debates. The review considers scientific background underlying possible impact of BCG in increased protection against COVID-19. BCG is able of inducing the heterologous and trained immunity, and its capacity to stimulate antiviral immune response has been demonstrated in experimental animals and humans. Our comparison of the dynamics of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality in countries with different BCG vaccination policies has demonstrated a milder course of COVID-19 (i.e., a slower increase in disease cases and mortality) in countries where BCG vaccination is mandatory for all children. However, an association between BCG vaccination and a milder COVID-19 course is not obligatory direct. Other factors that may affect the association, such as the level of virus testing, the rigidity and the speed of quarantine implementation and others are discussed. An important argument against a role of BCG in the protection against COVID-19 is that BCG is given in childhood and may hardly induce long-lasting immunity. Because mandatory BCG vaccination is implemented in countries with high TB burden and because in these countries latent tuberculosis infection is widely spread, we suggest a hypothesis that latent tuberculosis infection may contribute to the maintenance of heterologous/trained antiviral immunity in countries with mandatory BCG vaccination. Four countries have recently initiated clinical trials to investigate whether BCG vaccination can increase the level of protection against COVID-19 in risk groups. The results of these studies, as well as COVID-19 epidemiological modeling will help understanding the impact of BCG in the level of the protection against COVID-19. Performing analogous clinical trials in Russia seems appropriate and scientifically sound. ; Распространение новой коронавируcной инфекции COVID-19 делает актуальным поиск новых эффективных путей предупреждения инфекции. В качестве одного из возможных подходов недавно было предложено проведение вакцинации уязвимых групп населения вакциной БЦЖ. БЦЖ (Mycobacterium bovis, Bacillus Calmette–Guérin), живая вакцина против туберкулеза, применяется во многих странах с высоким бременем туберкулеза и увеличивает протекцию у детей, в первую очередь, от милиарного туберкулеза и туберкулезного менингита. Вопрос, может ли вакцина от туберкулеза увеличить уровень протекции против COVID-19, является предметом научных споров. В обзоре рассматриваются научные предпосылки возможного влияния БЦЖ на протективный иммунитет против вируса, вызывающего COVID-19. Вакцина БЦЖ способна индуцировать гетерологичный и «тренированный» иммунитет, ее способность стимулировать противовирусный иммунный ответ показана в экспериментах на животных и в клинических исследованиях. Проведенное нами сравнение динамики роста заболеваемости и смертности от COVID-19 в странах с разной политикой по вакцинации БЦЖ показало более благоприятное течение COVID-19 (более медленную динамику роста заболеваемости и смертности) в странах с обязательной БЦЖ-вакцинацией всего населения. Однако ассоциация между вакцинацией БЦЖ и более мягким течением COVID-19 может быть непрямой. В статье обсуждаются другие факторы, которые могут обусловливать наличие этой ассоциации, такие как уровень тестирования, жесткость и скорость принятия карантинных мер и другие. Важным аргументом против участия БЦЖ в протекции против COVID-19 является то, что вакцина используется в детстве и вряд ли может обеспечивать длительное поддержание иммунитета. Поскольку политика обязательной БЦЖ-вакцинации применяется в странах с высоким бременем ТБ и поскольку в этих странах распространена латентная туберкулезная инфекция, мы предлагаем гипотезу, согласно которой в поддержание гетерологичного/тренированного противовирусного иммунитета в странах с обязательной политикой БЦЖ-вакцинации может вносить вклад латентная туберкулезная инфекция. В четырех странах недавно были начаты клинические исследования по изучению возможности повышения уровня протекции против COVID-19 в уязвимых группах населения путем вакцинации БЦЖ. Результаты этих исследований, а также эпидемиологическое моделирование COVID-19 помогут оценить влияние БЦЖ на уровень противовирусного иммунитета. Проведение подобных клинических исследований в России представляется целесообразным и научно обоснованным.

Purpose: To survey healthcare workers (HCW) on availability and use of personal protective equipment (PPE) caring for COVID-19 patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) Materials and Method: A web-based survey distributed worldwide in April 2020. Results: We received 2711 responses from 1797 (67%) physicians, 744 (27%) nurses, and 170 (6%) Allied HCW. For routine care, most (1557, 58%) reportedly used FFP2/N95 masks, waterproof long sleeve gowns (1623; 67%), and face shields/visors (1574; 62%). Powered Air-Purifying Respirators were used routinely and for intubation only by 184 (7%) and 254 (13%) respondents, respectively. Surgical masks were used for routine care by 289 (15%) and 47 (2%) for intubations. At least one piece of standard PPE was unavailable for 1402 (52%), and 817 (30%) reported reusing single-use PPE. PPE was worn for a median of 4 hours (IQR 2, 5). Adverse effects of PPE were associated with longer shift durations and included heat (1266, 51%), thirst (1174, 47%), pressure areas (1088, 44%), headaches (696, 28%), Inability to use the bathroom (661, 27%) and extreme exhaustion (492, 20%). Conclusions: HCWs reported widespread shortages, frequent reuse of, and adverse effects related to PPE. Urgent action by healthcare administrators, policymakers, governments and industry is warranted.

Artificial Intelligence Applied to Health: Its Impact Regarding Vaccination Access.\n\nAbstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain are potentially powerful tools in different areas of health, being one of the most developed in the field of drugs and vaccines. Greater efficiency was obtained from molecular modeling that allows the study of drug interaction from bioinformatics programs. It starts from a known molecule for the search of the development of new drugs or their more specific use, and with it the impact on reducing research times and the costs of the innovation process. From this perspective we will analyze the application of AI and blockchain techniques and their impact on the right of access to health. However, such developments require a rights-based approach from their design that, in the case of vaccines, should be considered a social good in accordance with the terms of the recent Law No. 27,491 on control of vaccine-preventable diseases.\n ; Fil: Aizenberg, Marisa. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Derecho. Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas y Sociales Ambrosio L. Gioja. Buenos Aires, Argentina ; Fil: Aizenberg, Marisa. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Derecho. Observatorio de la Salud. Buenos Aires, Argentina ; Fil: Aizenberg, Marisa. CONICET. Buenos Aires, Argentina ; Fil: García Gili, Sol. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Derecho. Observatorio de la Salud. Buenos Aires, Argentina ; Dossier Vacunación COVID-19. -- Resumen: La inteligencia artificial (IA) y el blockchain son herramientas potencialmente poderosas en diversas áreas de la salud. Uno de los campos de mayor desarrollo ha sido el de los medicamentos y las vacunas. Se obtuvo una mayor eficiencia a partir del modelado molecular que permite el estudio de la interacción medicamentosa a partir de programas bioinformáticos. Se parte de una molécula conocida para la búsqueda del desarrollo de nuevos fármacos o su uso más específico, y con ello el impacto en la reducción de los tiempos de investigación y los costos del proceso de innovación. Desde esta perspectiva analizaremos la aplicación de las técnicas de IA y blockchain y su impacto en el derecho de acceso a la salud. Sin embargo, advertimos que tales desarrollos requieren de un enfoque de derechos desde su diseño que, en el caso particular de las vacunas, debe considerarse un bien social conforme los términos de la reciente Ley Nº 27491 sobre control de enfermedades prevenibles por vacunación.

Статья посвящена изучению COVID-19 как лингвистического явления на материале журнала "The Economist" за март-май 2020 года. В статье отмечается, что в современном мире, характеризующемся переломными моментами цивилизационного плана, особое значение приобретает изучение основ формирования общества, роли информационных технологий и новых дискурсивных практик социального взаимодействия. Начало 2020 года ознаменовалось эпидемией коронавируса, перешедшей в пандемию. Повсеместное распространение заболевания отразилось не только на функционировании медицины и других социальных институтов, но и на лексическом составе многих языков, в частности английского. В статье анализируется структурный и семантический план лексемы «COVID-19». Данная лексема и ее синонимы вводятся в дискурс средств массовой информации, что позволяет рассмотреть их в дискурсивном контексте, выражающем изменения общественного сознания в период пандемии. В статье подчеркивается, что в периоды социальной стабильности процессы языкового развития протекают размеренно и постепенно, а языковые изменения затрагивают отдельные участки системы. В пору социальных потрясений процессы языкового развития ускоряются, создается впечатление хаоса и нестабильности. В соответствии с особенностями ситуации в обществе изменяются психологические установки масс, их языковой вкус и чувство языка. Комплексный лингвистический анализ материала позволил установить, что лексема «COVID-19» в английском массмедийном дискурсе приобретает дополнительные коннотации и служит для формирования информационной картины мира, отражающей национально-культурные особенности мировосприятия и систему ценностных отношений.
The article is devoted to the study of COVID-19 as a linguistic phenomenon on the material of The Economist (March-May 2020). The article notes that in the modern world, characterized by critical moments of the civilization plan, the study of the foundations of the formation of society, the role of information technology and new discursive practices of social interaction is of particular importance. The beginning of 2020 was marked by the coronavirus epidemic, which turned into a pandemic. The wide spread of the disease affected not only the functioning of medicine and other social institutions, but also the lexical composition of many languages, in particular English. The article analyzes the structural and semantic plans of the COVID-19 token. This token and its synonyms are introduced into the discourse of the media, which allows us to consider them in the discursive context expressing changes in public consciousness during the pandemic. The article emphasizes that during periods of social stability, the processes of language development proceed gradually, and language changes affect individual parts of the system. At a time of social upheaval, the processes of language development are accelerating, an impression of chaos and instability is created. In accordance with the peculiarities of the situation in society, the psychological attitudes of the masses, their linguistic taste and flair of the language are changing.A comprehensive linguistic analysis of the research material made it possible to establish that the lexeme COVID-19 in the English mass media discourse acquires additional connotations and serves to form an informational picture of the world that reflects the national-cultural characteristics of worldview and the system of axiological relations.

Humankind is currently facing a challenge that distinguishes no borders, ideologies, socioeconomic systems, ethnic groups, religions or cultures. It is a war that unites us as a biological species, in which the main weapons come from research aimed at improving health systems. In this war, governments and international health organizations define the strategy; and health systems and law enforcement agencies, together with citizens' support, carry out actions and fight the battles. However, the most important battle is fought inside each of us. Just like Perseus fought against Hades in a battle of titans to prevent the Earth from turning into hell, the immune system activates a powerful machinery in which molecules and cells of the innate and acquired immune system jointly act to defeat SARS-Cov-2: a machinery that follows a script written by evolution, and that will leave in our immune system a memory that will strengthen us as a species to face future Hades. This work summarizes valuable information published in recent months regarding the interaction between SARS-Cov-2 and the immune system. It also includes aspects related to the detection of the immune response as a tool for the diagnosis of this infection, as well as the manipulation of the immune system to prevent or treat the disease. ; La humanidad se enfrenta, en la actualidad, a un reto que no diferencia fronteras, ideologías, sistemas socioeconómicos, etnias, religiones o culturas. Es una guerra que nos une como especie biológica, en la que las armas fundamentales provienen de la investigación puesta al servicio de los sistemas de salud. En esta guerra los gobiernos y las organizaciones internacionales de salud definen la estrategia; mientras que los sistemas de salud y las fuerzas del orden, de la mano de la ciudadanía, concretan las acciones y libran cada una de las batallas. Sin embargo, el más importante de los enfrentamientos se realiza en el interior de cada uno de nosotros. Como Perseo enfrentó a Hades en una batalla de titanes para evitar que convirtiera la Tierra en un infierno, el sistema inmune pone en marcha una poderosa maquinaria en la que moléculas y células del sistema innato y adquirido actúan de manera coordinada para combatir al SARS-CoV-2. Una maquinaria que sigue un guion escrito por la evolución, y que deja en nuestro sistema de defensa una memoria que nos fortalecerá como especie para enfrentar futuros Hades. Este trabajo resume la valiosa información que se ha publicado en los últimos meses respecto al coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 en su interacción con el sistema inmune. Se incluyen aspectos relacionados con la detección de la respuesta inmune como herramienta para el diagnóstico de esta infección, y la manipulación del sistema inmune en la prevención o el tratamiento de la misma.

International audience The handling of the health crisis resulting from the Covid19 pandemic has brought out the discrepancy between a centralizing State, in charge of its population's safety, that in an emergency health situation applies uniform measures to the entire country, and a population whose everyday experience in its territory doesn't necessarily reflect the same interpretation of the event and the logic behind the actions taken. We think that it might be interesting to consider the gap that may exist between the objective knowledge of phenomena likely to impact health, as it can be assessed by scientists or experts on a given space, and their representation by the inhabitants within their own living space in a viral pandemic situation. What happens in fact when top down and bottom up meet? How do the assessment of space, safety-first principle, preventive measures, political decisions and population perception link up? This perception is generally based on representations of the disease and its etiology by non-experts, and results from their everyday-life experience in a given territorial space, whereas the assessment by experts resting on quantified data takes into account a dimension that may be considered as further away from the concerns of populations, more distant, colder. This is at times reinforced by the population's lack of knowledge about the methods used by scientists. This difference between assessment and perception of the same situation may generate feelings of lack of understanding, inhumanity, especially when the scientific or political line is intended to be more objective and becomes more alarmist than the one "expected" or experienced by the populations. Furthermore, whereas public bodies and institutions are in charge of the community, the population often responds with individual strategies. Then the question arises for researchers of the diversity of behaviours at a time when they are looking for invariants - sufficiently reproducible elements in every places of the ...

At the beginning of 2020, the world faced a new and unexpected challenge. Such a harmful situation has a potential to increase tensions in societies and create citizens' distrust in their own governments and the European Union. In relation to these observations, the main hypothesis assumes that citizens' trust in the Union decreased during the pandemic, compared to previous periods. Thus, the aim of the study is to identify the dynamics of trust in the EU in the member states. The research's object is the citizens of the EU member states and the focus on dynamics in the levels of trust in 2016–2020, measured based on selected indicators. The data for analysis comes from the Eurobarometer. Statistical methods (frequencies and cross tables) and comparative approach are used for the analysis. On the macrolevel, it seemed that European leaders could do better, especially in the initial stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the results of the Eurobarometer survey performed in the summer of 2020 show that average trust in the Union did not decreased. Тhe data shows that there is a variety across the countries, which was not presented in the current study. Thus, a further examination focused on the context in each of the countries is required, namely policies and measures stringency.

The purpose of this article is to present a methodology and results for nowcasting poverty and inequality indicators during economic growth and the Covid-19 pandemic in Lithuania. Nowcasting combines the techniques of tax-benefit microsimulation and calibration of the survey weights. For the microsimulation, the tax-benefit microsimulation model EUROMOD is used together with its additional components for Lithuania, which were developed by the Ministry of Social Security and Labour of the Republic of Lithuania. Three economic forecasts, developed by the Bank of Lithuania for 2020, are used: the rapid V-shaped recovery scenario, intermediate U-shaped recovery scenario and a slow extended U-shaped recovery scenario. The results show Lithuania's favourable tendencies in reducing poverty and inequality in the general population and by age groups in the context of rapid economic growth and improving the improved labour-market situation in 2018-2019. The results of 2020 suggest that relative at-risk-of-poverty rates and inequality in the country are likely to decline. The foreseen decrease in the at-risk-of-poverty rate is primarily due to reducing poverty risk among older people and children. The most vulnerable age groups include youth (18-24 years) and the elder working-age population (50-64 years). Poverty rates for these groups are likely to increase in 2020. However, it should be noted that the at-risk-of-poverty rates had also declined in Lithuania during the first years of the previous economic crisis. Decomposition of demographic/employment changes and policy effects for 2019-2020 show that due to demographic and employment changes, poverty and inequality is likely to increase in Lithuania in 2020. The impact of the policy effect is progressive, more favourable to the less well-off, leading to a reduction in poverty. Progressiveness is due to the fact that during the quarantine period, flat benefits were provided to a large part of the society: children, pensioners, job-seekers, self-employed.

Das GESIS-Panel bietet eine wahrscheinlichkeitsbasierte Mixed-Mode-Access-Panel-Infrastruktur am GESIS Leibniz-Institut für Sozialwissenschaften in Mannheim. Das Projekt bietet der sozialwissenschaftlichen Community die Möglichkeit, Erhebungsdaten aus einer repräsentativen Stichprobe der deutschen Bevölkerung zu erheben. Die eingereichten Studienvorschläge werden auf der Grundlage eines wissenschaftlichen Begutachtungsverfahrens bewertet.

Die Rekrutierung der Panelmitglieder erfolgte zunächst im Jahr 2013 in persönlichen Interviews, gefolgt von einer selbst durchgeführten Profilbefragung. Der Modus wurde von den Teilnehmern gewählt. Alle Teilnehmer der Profilbefragung werden als Mitglieder des Panels betrachtet und zu den alle zwei Monate stattfindenden regelmäßigen Wellen eingeladen. Die Startkohorte umfasste Anfang 2014 4900 Panelisten.

Um den Panelabrieb zu kompensieren, wurde im Jahr 2016 eine Auffrischungsstichprobe mit Hilfe des German General Social Survey (ALLBUS) gezogen. Die erste Kohorte umfasst deutschsprachige Befragte im Alter zwischen 18 und 70 Jahren (zum Zeitpunkt der Einstellung) mit ständigem Wohnsitz in Deutschland, während die zweite Kohorte Befragte ab 18 Jahren ohne Obergrenze umfasst.

Im Jahr 2018 wurde eine dritte Rekrutierungsstichprobe gezogen, die mit der Welle ge integriert wurde. Auch die dritte Kohorte umfasst Befragte ab 18 Jahren ohne Obergrenze.
Rückwirkend wurden die Fälle bis einschließlich Welle fc (dritte Welle aus 2018) in den Daten ergänzt. Nähere Informationen finden Sie im Data Manual (ZA5664-65_sd_data-manual) und dem entsprechenden Rekrutierungsbericht (ZA5664-65_mb_recruitment2018).

Die Stichproben des German General Social Survey (ALLBUS) basieren auf einer disproportionalen Stichprobe von Befragten aus West- und Ostdeutschland. Ein Designgewicht, das die Integration der beiden Rekrutierungskohorten ermöglicht, ist im Datensatz enthalten. Nähere Einzelheiten entnehmen Sie bitte den Methodenberichten der Einstellungsverfahren und dem GESIS-Panel-Referenzpapier (Bosnjak et al., 2017).

Im März 2020 wurde eine Sondererhebung des GESIS-Panels zum Ausbruch des Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 bzw. COVID-19 in Deutschland durchgeführt.

Im Jahr 2021 wurde die vierte Rekrutierungsstichprobe mit Hilfe des German International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) gezogen, die mit der Welle ja integriert wurde. Die vierte Kohorte umfasst ebenfalls Befragte ab 18 Jahren ohne Obergrenze. Nähere Informationen finden Sie im entsprechenden Rekrutierungsbericht (ZA5664-65_r_i12.pdf).

GESIS Panel Demographic Dataset
Ab Version 43-0-0 ist der demografische Längsschnittdatensatz Teil des Veröffentlichungspaketes. Bei dem Datensatz handelt es sich um einen längsschnittlichen Datensatz (long format), mit harmonisierten Messungen zu demografischen Variablen: Befragten ID; Erhebungszeitpunkt; entsprechende Welle; Erhebungsjahr; Rekrutierungskohorte; Geschlecht des Befragten; Geburtsjahr; Geburtsmonat; höchster Bildungsabschluss; persönliches Nettoeinkommen; Haushaltsnettoeinkommen; Familienstand; AAPOR disposition code; Einladungsmodus; Teilnahmemodus.

Das GESIS-Panel bietet eine wahrscheinlichkeitsbasierte Mixed-Mode-Access-Panel-Infrastruktur am GESIS Leibniz-Institut für Sozialwissenschaften in Mannheim. Das Projekt bietet der sozialwissenschaftlichen Community die Möglichkeit, Erhebungsdaten aus einer repräsentativen Stichprobe der deutschen Bevölkerung zu erheben. Die eingereichten Studienvorschläge werden auf der Grundlage eines wissenschaftlichen Begutachtungsverfahrens bewertet.

Die Rekrutierung der Panelmitglieder erfolgte zunächst im Jahr 2013 in persönlichen Interviews, gefolgt von einer selbst durchgeführten Profilbefragung. Der Modus wurde von den Teilnehmern gewählt. Alle Teilnehmer der Profilbefragung werden als Mitglieder des Panels betrachtet und zu den alle zwei Monate stattfindenden regelmäßigen Wellen eingeladen. Die Startkohorte umfasste Anfang 2014 4900 Panelisten.

Um den Panelabrieb zu kompensieren, wurde im Jahr 2016 eine Auffrischungsstichprobe mit Hilfe des German General Social Survey (ALLBUS) gezogen. Die erste Kohorte umfasst deutschsprachige Befragte im Alter zwischen 18 und 70 Jahren (zum Zeitpunkt der Einstellung) mit ständigem Wohnsitz in Deutschland, während die zweite Kohorte Befragte ab 18 Jahren ohne Obergrenze umfasst.

Im Jahr 2018 wurde eine dritte Rekrutierungsstichprobe gezogen, die mit der Welle ge integriert wurde. Auch die dritte Kohorte umfasst Befragte ab 18 Jahren ohne Obergrenze.
Rückwirkend wurden die Fälle bis einschließlich Welle fc (dritte Welle aus 2018) in den Daten ergänzt. Nähere Informationen finden Sie im Data Manual (ZA5664-65_sd_data-manual) und dem entsprechenden Rekrutierungsbericht (ZA5664-65_mb_recruitment2018).

Die Stichproben des German General Social Survey (ALLBUS) basieren auf einer disproportionalen Stichprobe von Befragten aus West- und Ostdeutschland. Ein Designgewicht, das die Integration der beiden Rekrutierungskohorten ermöglicht, ist im Datensatz enthalten. Nähere Einzelheiten entnehmen Sie bitte den Methodenberichten der Einstellungsverfahren und dem GESIS-Panel-Referenzpapier (Bosnjak et al., 2017).

Im März 2020 wurde eine Sondererhebung des GESIS-Panels zum Ausbruch des Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 bzw. COVID-19 in Deutschland durchgeführt.

Im Jahr 2021 wurde die vierte Rekrutierungsstichprobe mit Hilfe des German International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) gezogen, die mit der Welle ja integriert wurde. Die vierte Kohorte umfasst ebenfalls Befragte ab 18 Jahren ohne Obergrenze. Nähere Informationen finden Sie im entsprechenden Rekrutierungsbericht (ZA5664-65_r_i12.pdf).

GESIS Panel Demographic Dataset
Ab Version 43-0-0 ist der demografische Längsschnittdatensatz Teil des Veröffentlichungspaketes. Bei dem Datensatz handelt es sich um einen längsschnittlichen Datensatz (long format), mit harmonisierten Messungen zu demografischen Variablen: Befragten ID; Erhebungszeitpunkt; entsprechende Welle; Erhebungsjahr; Rekrutierungskohorte; Geschlecht des Befragten; Geburtsjahr; höchster Bildungsabschluss; persönliches Nettoeinkommen; Haushaltsnettoeinkommen; Familienstand; AAPOR disposition code; Einladungsmodus; Teilnahmemodus.

As our life expectancy increases, specific medical conditions appear, and new challenges are met in terms of global health. Frailty has become a medical and scientific concept to define pathologies where inflammation, depressed immune system, cellular senescence, and molecular aging converge. But more importantly, frailty is the ultimate cause of death that limits our life span and deteriorates health in an increasing proportion of the world population. The difficulty of tackling this problem is the combination of factors that influence frailty appearance, such as stem cells exhaustion, inflammation, loss of regeneration capability, and impaired immunomodulation. To date, multiple research fields have found mechanisms participating in this health condition, but to make progress, science will need to investigate frailty with an interdisciplinary approach. This article summarizes the current efforts to understand frailty from their processes mediated by inflammation, aging, and stem cells to provide a new perspective that unifies the efforts in producing advanced therapies against medical conditions in the context of frailty. We believe this approach against frailty is particularly relevant to COVID-19, since people in a state of frailty die more frequently due to the hyperinflammatory process associated with this infection. ; University of Malaga (Plan Propio); Regional Government of Andalusia; Iniciativa Ingenio 2010, Consolider Program, CIBER Actions, the Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Spanish Network on Cell Therapy, Grant/Award Number: RD16/0011/0022; Junta de Andalucia, Grant/Award Numbers: UMA18-FEDERJA-177, CV20-81404. ; Yes

The coronavirus pandemic has become an event after which the world will no longer be the same. The disease rapidly swept across countries and continents, irreversibly changed social and personal life, struck spheres of economy, politics, international relations, education and health care, invaded the field of everyday life, leisure, and communication. Within the framework of this article, an attempt is made to comprehend the most significant transformations and explicate the parameters of the new reality, for which the authors introduce the concept of "Vita Covida".Vita Covida (the life of a person and society in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic and its consequences) is considered, first of all, as an anthropic collapse — the destruction of the foundations of human existence, a violation of the rhythm of everyday existence in its most stable, essential modes — repetition and order, predictability and rest. Vita Covida caused a panhuman "attack of claustrophobia", placing residents of large cities in the closed space of their apartments, broke social ties, turning "everyone" into a "potential carrier of infection", changed the parameters of social space with new prohibitions and social distancing, transformed subjective time, giving it colors of "stringiness", "melancholy" and "aimlessness".The anthropic collapse is organically connected with the biopolitical crisis, also caused by the pandemic: social contradictions are exacerbated to the limit, the distrust between the authorities and the population is rapidly growing. Society and its state-power structures are faced with the dilemmas of "saving the economy" or "stopping the spread of the virus", "supporting people who have been left out of work" or "preserving financial reserves". Vita Covida makes it possible to consider the relationship between the authorities and the population from a new perspective. ; Пандемия коронавируса стала событием, после которого мир уже не будет прежним. Болезнь стремительно охватила страны и континенты, необратимо изменила общественную и личную жизнь, поразила сферы экономики, политики, международных отношений, образования и здравоохранения, вторглась в области быта, досуга, общения. В рамках настоящей статьи предпринимается попытка осмысления наиболее существенных трансформаций и экспликации параметров новой реальности, для обозначения которой авторами вводится концепт «Vita Covida».Vita Covida (жизнь человека и общества в условиях пандемии вируса Covid-19 и ее последствий) рассмотрена прежде всего как антропный коллапс — разрушение основ человеческого бытия, нарушение ритма повседневного существования в его наиболее устойчивых, сущностных модусах — повторяемости и порядка, предсказуемости и покоя. Vita Covida вызвала общечеловеческий «приступ клаустрофобии», поместив жителей крупных городов в замкнутое пространство квартир, нарушила социальные связи, превратив «каждого» в «потенциального разносчика инфекции», изменила параметры социального пространства новыми запретами и социальной дистанцией, преобразовала субъективное время, придав ему окраску «тягучести», «тоски» и «бесцельности».Антропный коллапс органически связан с биополитическим кризисом, также обусловленным пандемией: до предела обострены социальные противоречия, стремительно растет недоверие между властью и населением. Общество и его государственно-властные структуры столкнулись с дилеммами «спасти экономику» или «остановить распространение вируса», «поддержать людей, оставшихся без работы» или «сохранить финансовые резервы». Vita Covida делает возможным рассмотрение отношений власти и населения в новом ракурсе.