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"Women have been led to believe that superheroes and heroism are not for them, and that they are little more than love interests, or sidekicks who stand by their supermen. This is a false proposition argues Jennifer K. Stuller, as she uncovers the true history of how superwomen are represented in popular culture. She reveals how, from Wonder Woman to Buffy Summers, Emma Peel to Sydney Brislow, Charlie's Angels to The Powerpuff Girls, the female hero in modern mythology has broken through the boys' club barrier of tradition for shining, if all too brief, moments." "The book details the notable differences in how women and men are represented as heroic in modern myth. Love and compassion, spies and sexuality, daddy's girls, and the complicated roles of superwomen who are also mothers are all explored. The spotlight is also turned onto men and women who have created modern myths with a strong female presence and Stuller concludes by speculating on the future of gender representation in superheroic myth." "A useful appendix offers resources for further information about feminist fangirl blogging, activism, and fiction, and the book features a glossary of modern mythic women."--Jacket

Publishing chamber music : archival evidence for chamber music production and consumption -- "Domesticating" the foreign in arrangements of operas, folk songs, and other works for chamber ensembles -- Music for men of leisure : an examination of the domestic string style -- Redefining the "progressive" style in responses to Beethoven's late quartets -- Creating "progressive" communities through programmatic chamber music -- Audience and style in Brahms's string chamber music -- The diversity of Dvořák's string quartet audiences

Preliminary Material -- Translation, Adaptation, and Intertexuality in African Drama: Wole Soyinka, Zulu Sofola, Ola Rotimi /Omotayo Oloruntoba–Oju -- Open Boundaries: Encountering Nissim Ezekiel and A.K. Ramanujan /Joseph Swann -- 'Nordism': The Translation of 'Orientalism' into a Canadian Concept /Petra Rüdiger -- Translation of Romanian Culture in Kenneth Radu's Fiction /Monica Bottez -- "There are no jokes in paradise": Humour as a Politics of Representation in Recent Texts and Films from the British Migratory Contact Zone /Eva Knopp -- Postcolonial Literatures on a Global Market: Packaging the 'Mysterious East' for Western Consumption /Ursula Kluwick -- Transporting Ceylon: Robert Knox (1681) and the Temptations of Translation /Tobias Döring -- Transcribing Colonial Australia: Strategies of Translation in the Work of Rosa Campbell Praed and Daisy Bates /Joanna Collins -- Swarming With Ghosts and Tūrehus: Indigenous Language and Concepts in Contemporary Māori Writing /Michaela Moura–Koçoğlu -- Of Serpents and Swastikas: Transcultural Interrogations in Two Poems by Indian Women Writers of the Diaspora /Christine Vogt–William -- Scottish Territories and Canadian Identity: Regional Aspects in the Literature of Alistair MacLeod /Kirsten Sandrock -- "But who is that on the other side of you?": Translation, Materiality, and the Question of the Other in Anita Desai's Clear Light of Day /Agnese Fidecaro -- Deconstructing the Canadian Mosaic: Heaven by George F. Walker /Sabine Schlüter -- Functional Equivalence Revisited: Adequacy and Conflict in the Tok Pisin Bible Translation /Timo Lothmann -- The History and Future of Bilingual Education: Immersion Teaching in Germany and its Canadian Origins /Christine Möller -- Transperipheral Translations?: Native North American / Scottish Gaelic Connections /Silke Stroh -- Translation Shifts in African Women's Writing: The Example of Nigeria /Taiwo Oloruntoba–Oju -- Translation, Multilingualism, and Linguistic Hybridity: A Study of The Heart of Redness by Zakes Mda /Marie Chantale Mofin Noussi -- Notes on Contributors.

在中國現代文學中,文藝與政治之間有著密切而複雜的關係,此一問題在現代戲劇中尤其值得重視。過往戲劇研究長期位處邊緣,這與戲劇此一文類所獨具的綜合藝術特質不無關係,其橫跨文學、美術、音樂、表演等領域的跨藝術特徵,導致其複雜性實際上遠超純文學的範疇。另一方面,戲劇運動的集團性和政治性,亦導致論者對於中國現代戲劇發展較為簡單化的論述,戲劇史的書寫往往與時代話語緊密連繫。不論是純粹文藝化還是政治化的角度,皆很可能遮蔽了戲劇本身一體兩面的問題,導致研究單一化和簡單化。洪深 (1894-1955)、田漢 (1898-1968)和夏衍 (1900-1995)均是中國現代重要戲劇家,同時亦長期被定位為左翼文藝陣營中的重要成員。戲劇家和政治家的身分重疊,導致他們的研究情況往往與時代的意識形態掛鈎,而目前有關他們的研究更是受到冷落,與他們的文學成就並不相稱。本文以三位劇作家為研究對象,希望通過他們的不同面向,重新審視文藝與政治之間各種複雜關係的可能性。 ; 本文分為五章。第一章為導論,主要介紹本文的寫作理念、方法和背景。第二章以洪深為研究對象,重新探討他的現實主義戲劇創作和主張。洪深對改譯劇的主張和實踐,體現了他與晚清鴛鴦蝴蝶派文學和西方戲劇的深刻淵源,而他和蕭伯納之間的文學關係,反映了他對早期文明戲的戲劇改革和西方舞台的繼承,突顯了洪深如何在中西文化之間思索中國現代戲劇中的現實主義問題。第三章從西方唯美主義和先鋒文學運動的角度,重新探討田漢的創作和政治轉向。本章考察田漢對外國文學的譯介活動,當中包括英國唯美主義作家威廉.莫里斯、德國表現主義影劇、俄國和日本左翼劇場,反映了田漢戲劇運動的左翼國際主義特徵;然而田漢對日本作家佐藤春夫和谷崎潤一郎的翻譯,則體現了他對唯美主義的回歸。第四章以夏衍的戲劇創作為研究對象,重新探討夏衍的戲劇文學的獨特性。本章把夏衍此時期的劇作分為歷史劇和上海都市劇兩個角度作出分析,並將它們放在當時文學場域中與郭沫若的歷史劇、國防文學、現代派小說和左翼電影作一比較,並分析夏衍的現實主義與左翼現實主義的相異。第五章為結論,綜合前文各章的討論,重新思考三位劇作家的戲劇實踐,並重審中國現代戲劇中文藝與政治之間的複雜關係。 ; There is a complicated relationship between literature and politics in modern Chinese literature, especially in modern Chinese drama. As a result, the research of modern Chinese drama has long been placed at a marginal position. Drama is an integrated artistic form consisting of literature, art, music, and performance, and therefore presents a complexity that goes far beyond "pure literature". On the other hand, the history of modern Chinese drama is closely integrated with historical discourse as a result of the organizational and political characteristics of drama movements. This shows that either literary or political point of view may confine the interpretation of their inter-related complexity and interaction. Hong Shen (1894-1955), Tian Han (1898-1968) and Xia Yan (1900-1995) are three of the most important dramatists in modern Chinese literature, who were also regarded as representative members in the left-wing literary camp. Due to their dual identities as dramatist and politician, their images are often connected with historical and ideological discourses. This has also resulted in desolation in ...

The Moon exerted a powerful influence on ancient intellectual history, as a playground for the scientific imagination. This book explores the history of the Moon in the Greco-Roman imaginary from Homer to Lucian, with special focus on those accounts of the Moon, its attributes, and its 'inhabitants' given by ancient philosophers, natural scientists and imaginative writers including Pythagoreans, Plato and the Old Academy, Varro, Plutarch and Lucian. ní Mheallaigh shows how the Moon's enigmatic presence made it a key site for thinking about the gaze (erotic, philosophical and scientific) and the relation between appearance and reality. It was also a site for hoax in antiquity as well as today. Central issues explored include the view from elsewhere (selēnoskopia), the relation of science and fiction, the interaction between the beginnings of science in the classical polis and the imperial period, and the limits of knowledge itself.

Abstract
In 2010, the U.S. accounting rulemaker (FASB) updated its longstanding constitution to eliminate "reliability" as a fundamental accounting property. FASB argued that "reliability" was misunderstood in practice and that this amendment clarified its original intent. Drawing on primary archival resources and field interviews with regulators, I provide evidence that the change also sought to legitimize the rise of fair-value accounting. By eliminating the need for accounting to be "reliable," the change attempted to neutralize concerns about the subjectivity in fair-value estimates. Such subjectivity can facilitate accounting manipulation, and some fair-value rules can be attributed to lobbying by managers who stand to benefit. The change illustrates "conceptual veiling," wherein regulators, seeking to diffuse criticism, including suspicions of capture, manufacture costly conceptual narratives for justifying their actions.

This article investigates the role of direct and reputational information in the onset of interstate war. Scholars have recently identified the importance of separating the phenomenon of conflict from the rare event of war. Building on earlier work concerning the role of reputation and history in the onset of militarized interstate disputes, this article argues that states in crises face competing pressures brought on by their history of interactions with their opponents and their opponents' reputations generated through interactions with other states. While historical conflict reveals private information regarding the credibility of state demands, this history also generates constraints upon the ability of governments to seek peaceful resolutions to the current crisis. An empirical analysis supports the hypothesis that both a direct history of conflict within the dyad and reputational histories for conflict increase the likelihood of war onset. These results hold for a sample including all dyads 1817—2000 and a sample including politically relevant dyads in the same period. The results also suggest that contiguous states are more likely to go to war with each other, as are pairs of major powers, while democracies and pairs of minor powers are less likely to go to war with each other. These results support previous findings on the influence of these factors on the likelihood of war onset.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Original Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of Contributors -- Introduction - History and Social Anthropology -- 1. The Construction of History: 'vestiges of creation' -- 2. Tribal Ethnography: past, present, future -- 3. Fiction and Fact in Ethnography -- 4. Wārībi and the White Men: history and myth in northwest Amazonia -- 5. Triumph of the Ethnos -- 6. Investigating 'Social Memory' in a Greek Context -- 7. The Social Relations of the Production of History -- 8. Israel: Jewish identity and competition over 'tradition'

Taking. Stand in. Postfeminist World: Toward an Engaged Cultural Criticism. Frances E. Mascia‐Lees and Patricia Sharpe. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2001. 241 pp.

For critics and listeners, the reception of the 1950s jazz-classical hybrid Third Stream music has long been fraught. In "John Lewis and the challenge of "real" black music", Christopher Coady explores the work of one of the form's most vital practitioners, following Lewis from his role as an arranger for Miles Davis's "Birth of the cool" sessions to his leadership of the modern jazz quartet, his tours of Europe, and his stewardship of the Lenox School of Jazz. Along the way Coady shows how Lewis's fusion works helped shore up a failing jazz industry in the wake of the 1940s big band decline, forging a new sound grounded in middle-class African American musical traditions. By taking into account the sociocultural milieu of the 1950s, Coady provides a wider context for understanding the music Lewis wrote for the Modern Jazz Quartet and sets up new ways of thinking about Cool Jazz and Third Stream music more broadly.

Ausgangspunkt der feministischen Kritik an Stadt und Raum ist die These, dass Räume in unserer Gesellschaft 'vergeschlechtlicht' sind, d.h., dass ihnen das gesellschaftliche Geschlechterverhältnis eingeschrieben ist. Feministische Kritik an Stadt und Raum hat sich deshalb in den letzten 25 Jahren insbesondere mit der Frage befasst, wie sich die zentralen Dimensionen des Geschlechterverhältnisses in räumlichen Strukturen niederschlagen. Im Mittelpunkt standen hierbei die geschlechtsspezifische Arbeitsteilung, die Trennung und geschlechterdifferente Konnotation von Öffentlichkeit und Privatheit, die Geschlechterunterschiede in der Verfügung über gesellschaftliche Ressourcen sowie Sexismus und sexualisierte Gewalt als Ausdruck der gesellschaftlichen Subordination von Frauen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden zunächst einige Beispiele der Vergeschlechtlichung räumlicher Strukturen vorgestellt. Danach folgen einige Anmerkungen zum Gender Mainstreaming (GM) und Managing Diversity (MD) in der räumlichen Planung, die am Negativbeispiel der Wohnungswirtschaft verdeutlicht werden. (ICI2)

Jane Rule's fourth book explores lesbianism as portrayed by authors from Gertrude Stein to Colette, from Vita Sackville-West to May Sarton and Willa Cather Lesbian Images opens with a disclaimer from the author: "This book is not intended to be a comprehensive literary or cultural history of lesbians." Rather, as Jane Rule goes on to tell us, her goal is to present her own attitudes and measure them against the images of lesbianism as depicted by other female authors. Thus, chapters titled "Gertrude Stein 1874-1946," "Willa Cather 1876-1947," and "Ivy Compton-Burnett 1892-1969," among many oth