Suchergebnisse

This book examines the destinations and sites that are being created for tourists, as well as for local people within an urban regeneration context, with a particular focus on tourism's relationship to urban regeneration and cultural development. It examines the impact of such developments on a local sense of place, heritage and identity. It examines how far, arts and artistic quality/integrity is compromised by being used as a tool for regeneration. It examines if global/local debates can be resolved within the context of regeneration, and how. These issues and others are exemplified using a number of international case studies in North and South America, as well as in Europe and the UK. Chapter 1 examines the issues and problems inherent in implementing urban regeneration projects and highlights the increasingly important role that culture and tourism play in the process. Chapter 2 examines the increasingly important role of creativity in urban regeneration. Chapter 3 examines the regeneration of new or less familiar areas of cities, and their development for tourism purposes. Chapter 4 examines mixed-use developments in city fringe areas, especially those with culturally diverse or ethnic populations. Chapter 5 examines the development of ethnoscapes or those areas of cities with a high concentration of ethnic minorities, and analyses the way in which multiculturalism has become an increasingly attractive selling point for city tourism. Chapter 6 examines some of the difficulties of interpreting and commemorating spaces of dissonant heritage in black heritage sites in New Jersey, USA. Chapter 7 examines the complexities that exist within large-scale, mixed-use development projects through the example of the newly developed Waterfront City of Odaiba in Tokyo, Japan. Chapter 8 examines the role of major sporting events in urban regeneration, tourism development, image enhancement and social inclusion. Chapter 9 examines the role of the Olympic Games in the regeneration of U.S. cities. Chapter 10 examines the role of the cultural industries in the regeneration of former industrial cities, focusing in particular on Lowell, Massachusetts in New England, USA. Chapter 11 examines how Chicago, a city in the USA that previously was dependent on the manufacturing industry, has sought to improve its economic position and raises its national and international profile via locally-driven strategies focused on facilitating the physical, economic and cultural restructuring of its downtown area. Chapter 12 examines the Avenue of the Arts in Philadelphia, USA, as an example of a project that has been largely successful due to charismatic leadership, dynamic fund-raising campaigns and coordinated public and private partnerships. Chapter 13 examines the problems and the potential benefits of waterfront developments in the context of regeneration. Chapter 14 examines the changing role of dockland cities and urban regeneration strategies, focusing in particular on case studies of Liverpool and Cardiff in the UK. Chapter 15 examines the use of interpretative planning in the context of Recife, Brazil. In conclusion, the richness, creativity, innovation and ambition of regeneration projects is indicated in a wide range of contexts. But cultural, tourism or urban development, cannot compensate for economic decline, environmental decay or social unrest. They can only alleviate some of the problems and tensions, and give new hope to cities. It would be misguided to suggest that there could be a 'checklist' for all cities hoping to embark on a 'successful' regeneration scheme, especially given that similar schemes can easily fail in different contexts. However, several factors seem to emerge as being rather critical to the future of regeneration. Whatever the context - be it Europe, the USA, Asia, Australasia - the issues and dilemmas surrounding cultural regeneration are broadly similar. Pessimists might conclude that regeneration is just another 'flash-in-the-pan' phenomenon that has helped to plug the gaps in economic and social decline. However, it is argued that within the academic/practitioner community, there is excitement, dynamism and great hope in the future for the phenomenon of regeneratio

Evaluations of the recent structural change in the Ruhr region differ. On the one hand, modernisation and innovative combinations between the economy, culture and science are praised; on the other, the sustainability of the programme and projects, which are maintained with high subsidisation, is in doubt. It is doubtless true that, in recent times in the Ruhr region, there have been strong changes in the economic, job market and social structures. In addition, it is not only true that the centre of the European coal and steel industry has changed in terms of the sector as a whole, e.g. to become the area in Europe with the greatest density of universities, but also in terms of the landscape. It is now regarded as being Europe's greenest industrial region. The restructuring of the region is also revealed in a change in the cultural landscape, which, in changes in the use of industrial land, places the main importance on the production of open spaces, on the networking of green belts and on recultivation in order to do justice to the increasing demands of the inhabitants and visitors for life quality. The "culture economy" and tourism as image factors have been given the more importance than ever, not least in order to remain competitive with regard to soft location factors in the corporate decisions of where to locate. For a long time, the only purpose of the structural political measures in the Ruhr region was to improve the competitiveness of the German rock coal mining and the Ruhr economy. Especially after the removal from power of the settlement association of the Ruhr region in 1970, cross-regional planning was the exception. It was not until the "International Construction Exhibition Emscher Park" (IBA) was established in the Emscher zone in 1989, that an attempt was made to network the decentral structures of the region, as well as to achieve a modern "reconstruction" of the (industrial) landscape. It is the first construction exhibition which is not related to a city, but to a region. The pilot projects are the Emscher Landscape Park, the ecological reconstruction of the Emscher system, the new use of industrial areas and buildings to house cultural institutions, work in the park as well as new housing and integrated city district development. The projects which are pursued by the International Construction Exhibition Emscher Park contribute considerably to the improvement of the economic, cultural and recreational-orientated life in the region. This is why political discussions currently centre on the establishment of an as yet unnamed "Ruhr region agency", which is intended to continue the network of the IBA and represent a national co-ordination office for decentral projects and the cultural economy. Although the Ruhr region is far from being modernised and additional assistance is necessary in order to continue the initiated developments, the current approach is constructive, worth subsidisation and is exemplary for the industrial region. Therefore, IBA is not one of many measures, but rather represents the acceptance and consideration of regional problems, and also shows new approaches to planning and conception.

There are three essential challenges that cities and villages in the Federal Republic of Germany are faced with: the weak economic basis, which has been declining in the last few years; the large-space nature of political systems, which has been accelerated by the European Union and eastern and western Europe coming together; and new urban and regional policy systems, whose development is being shaped on the European level. The value of consolidated areas is being enhanced by their increased importance and increasing competition from (European) metropolises as this is expressed by the national urban and regional policy. This forces the rural regions to be especially insistent upon their interests by forming regional initiatives. This supports the co-operation between cities and villages within one region and their institutions with regard to politics, economics and finances. The region under investigation has its two medium centres Neustadt near Coburg and Sonneberg. They initiated a regional development strategy to work towards a reversal from short-term measures towards medium- and long-term strategies for regional policy. This instrument was intended not only to utilise the stimulation produced by reunification and link it to ideas for regional development. It was also important to take an independent path in comparison to the possibilities for action that consolidated areas have. A number of strategies and measures can contribute to a strengthening of regional development from a wide variety of partial areas. For instance, agriculture could be supported by promoting direct marketing, intensifying sales to local restaurants in the sense of regional economic flow or by being orientated towards quality ecological products. With regard to the labour market and the economy, improving paths of information and communication or promoting training and further education could play an important role just as much as a co-ordinated policy on commercial areas such as is being stepped up by Neustadt and Sonneberg. The future development of the region under investigation will decisively depend upon how much it is capable of motivating the regional protagonists to act jointly and constructively. The current buzzwords here are the much-discussed terms if "intermunicipal cooperation" and "public-private partnerships". There will be significant opportunities for improving the region's competitiveness only if the cities and villages cease to think in terms of competing with one another and when the enterprises, associations and interest groups are made aware of their responsibility for the region. For this purpose, it is important to tackle the existing problems with regard to cooperation among cities. Furthermore, the projected staff office for regional management has to receive the appropriate amount of launching aid from the Free States and municipalities.

Seit nunmehr fünfundzwanzig Jahren wiederholen sich in Deutschland die immer gleichen Kopftuchdebatten: Unaufhörlich werden die Motive für das Tragen von Kopftüchern hinterfragt, ihr Dasein problematisiert und Kopftuch tragende Frauen herabgewürdigt. Was sagt die Vehemenz dieser Debatten über unsere Gesellschaft aus? Welche Bilder von Neutralität, Geschlecht und Religion finden dabei Anwendung und welche Vorstellungen von Zugehörigkeit und ihren Grenzen fördern sie zutage? Die Beitragenden aus Wissenschaft und Aktivismus gehen diesen Fragen nach und setzen sich u.a. mit der Rassifizierung von Geschlecht, der Vergeschlechtlichung von race sowie der Verknüpfung von race- und Religionskonstruktionen auseinander - mal nah an Kopftuchdebatten, mal davon losgelöst.

This book explores the legal and social consequences of growing up illegitimate in England and Wales. Unlike most other studies of illegitimacy, Frost's book concentrates on the late-Victorian period and the early twentieth century, and takes the child's point of view rather than that of the mother or of 'child-saving' groups. Doing so allows for an extended analysis of criminal and civil cases involving illegitimacy, including less-studied aspects such as affiliation suits, the poor law and war pensions. In addition, the book explores the role of blended, extended and adoptive families, the circulation of children through different homes and institutions, and the prejudices children endured in school, work and home. While showing how the effects of illegitimacy varied both by class and gender, the book highlights the ways in which children showed resilience in surviving the various types of discrimination common in this period. It will appeal to anyone interested in British social history, childhood studies, or legal history

"Ethnic diversity and national tensions in the Balkans have long attracted the attention of the international community of scholars and policy-makers who have tried to understand how states, societies and people in the area negotiate complex religious and ethno-national identities. By exploring the development of these issues in Bulgaria and Bosnia while also drawing parallels with Macedonia, this volume uses the three most diversely populated areas in the Balkans to engage complex questions. What institutions of state building are capable of managing diverse ethno-religious traditions and conflicting national identities? How do people on the ground respond to state-sponsored political projects at the local community level? In what ways do studies of cultural representations of ethno-national and religious conflicts call attention to inequality and human rights violations? How have studies of human rights problems in the Balkans contributed to changes in international law? More generally, what is the role of the humanities and social sciences in developing a discourse on the subject of conflict resolution and human rights? The volume engages the question of ethno-national conflicts and identities from three perspectives: historical interpretations of national conflict and ethno-religious tensions in the context of empire- and state-building; cultural debates as reflected in the use of language and dance, film, and media production and circulation as tools for nation-and community-building; and current political controversies over national resurgence and human rights both in the post-Yugoslav War context and in connection to European Union integration"--Provided by publisher

Erwerbsarbeit dominiert unser Leben. Seit der Industriellen Revolution im 19. Jahrhundert ist sie ins Zentrum des gesellschaftlichen, wirtschaftlichen und politischen Lebens in Europa gerückt und bestimmt unsere gesellschaftliche Stellung sowie unsere Selbstdefinition. Mittlerweile ist das Normalarbeitsverhältnis in vielen Bereichen von neuen Formen der Arbeit abgelöst worden: Industrielle Produktion ist weitgehend automatisiert oder in Niedriglohnländer verlagert, prekäre Arbeitsverhältnisse haben Hochkonjunktur und die Arbeitslosigkeit hat sich auf einem hohen Niveau eingependelt. Die Beiträge des Bandes nehmen diese Tendenzen auf und liefern Impulse für die Gestaltung des Lebens und Arbeitens in Europa.

"In the years following the Glorious Revolution, independent slave traders challenged the charter of the Royal African Company by asserting their natural rights as Britons to trade freely in enslaved Africans. In this comprehensive history of the rise and fall of the RAC, William A. Pettigrew grounds the transatlantic slave trade in politics, not economic forces, analyzing the ideological arguments of the RAC and its opponents in Parliament and in public debate. Ultimately, Pettigrew powerfully reasons that freedom became the rallying cry for those who wished to participate in the slave trade and therefore bolstered the expansion of the largest intercontinental forced migration in history. Unlike previous histories of the RAC, Pettigrew's study pursues the Company's story beyond the trade's complete deregulation in 1712 to its demise in 1752. Opening the trade led to its escalation, which provided a reliable supply of enslaved Africans to the mainland American colonies, thus playing a critical part in entrenching African slavery as the colonies' preferred solution to the American problem of labor supply"--

Introduction : marriage and its discontents -- The ties that bound -- Making marriage : romantic ideals and female rhetoric -- Money matters -- Disciplining laboring husbands -- Earning my own crust of bread -- Cultivating domesticity -- The right to love -- The best interests of the child -- Conclusion : the politics of marital strife

This article aims to contribute to the validation and interpretation of scale of the child exposure to household material deprivation, developed based on the Portuguese sample of the 2017 EU-Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-Silc). The index was developed from household questionnaire items by applying an item-response theory model. For its validation, a descriptive analysis of the scale by EU-Silc social variables was carried out. The interpretation was given by the description of the categories of items according to the profiles of households grouped into clusters. The results show that 14.3% of households with children can be classified as in a situation of extreme deprivation and 25.6% in an intermediate level of deprivation. Considering that EU-Silc is applied in all European Union, the methodology can be extended to other countries, allowing the annual monitoring of child poverty.

Social research has identified racism and homophobia as two of the great challenges for contemporary societies. The syndrome of group focused enmity (SGE) and homonationalism represent two apparently opposite concepts in understanding the relationship between racism and homophobia. In this article we analyse this relationship considering the values ​​of the population of Austria, France, Spain, and the Netherlands, based on data from the European Values ​​Study 2017. We use the method of structural and articulated typology, with analysis of correspondences and classification analysis. Our results lead us to partially confirm the adequacy of both SEG and homonationalism to explain the relationship between racism and homophobia. On the one hand, racism was higher than homophobia in all groups. On the other hand, we obtained a moderately racist and slightly homophobic group, another racist and homophobic group and only in a very minority group tendencies towards a genuinely inclusive society were visualized.

Objectives: The primary aim of this study was to investigate educational inequalities in health-related exit from paid employment through different pathways in five European regions. A secondary objective was to estimate the proportion of different routes out of paid employment that can be attributed to poor health across educational groups in five European regions. Methods: Longitudinal data from 2005 up to 2014 were obtained from the four-year rotating panel of the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC), including 337 444 persons with 1 056 779 observations from 25 countries. Cox proportional hazards models with censoring for competing events were used to examine associations between health problems and exit from paid employment. The population attributable fraction was calculated to quantify the impact of health problems on labor force exit. Results: In all European regions, lower-educated workers had higher risks of leaving paid employment due to disability benefits [relative inequality (RI) 3.3-6.2] and unemployment (RI 1.9-4.5) than those with higher education. The fraction of exit from paid employment that could be attributed to poor health varied between the five European regions among lower-educated persons from 0.06-0.21 and among higher-educated workers from 0.03-0.09. The disadvantaged position of lower-educated persons on the labor market was primarily due to a higher prevalence of poor health. Conclusion: In all European regions, educational inequalities exist in health-related exclusion from paid employment. Policy measures are needed to reduce educational inequalities in exit from paid employment due to poor health.

This article investigates the manifold attempts of governmental actors to make volunteering with refugees governable in light of the so-called German Welcome Culture in 2015. Driven by the notion of a need to interfere, authorities introduced numerous programmes and efforts seeking to order, coordinate, influence, and enhance volunteering with refugees in order to make it more "effective". This investigation will suggest reading these interventions as attempts to (re)gain control and power over the conduct of committed citizens, making them complicit in the governance of asylum seekers, while co-opting potentially dissenting behaviour amongst them. Yet, it will also reveal how certain volunteers proved to contest their ascribed roles and responsibilities, demanding space for disagreement. Volunteering with refugees thus also constantly exceeded and defied governmental control and interference - and thereby remained, at least to a certain extent, ungovernable.

Hintergrund: In Deutschland lebten 2013 16,5 Mio. Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund, wovon schätzungsweise 9 % älter als 65 Jahre sind. Sie zeigen häufig schlechtere Gesundheitsoutcomes als Menschen ohne Migrationshintergrund, aber aus verschiedenen Gründen werden Gesundheits- und Pflegeleistungen kaum genutzt. Für diese Population gibt es keine systematischen Angaben zur Anzahl Demenzerkrankter. Dies hat zur Folge, dass das Gesundheitssystem vor einer Herausforderung steht, dessen Dimension kaum einzuschätzen ist.

Ziel: Darstellung der Prävalenz von Demenz bei Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund für Deutschland und die einzelnen Bundesländer.

Methode: Länderspezifische Daten zu Bevölkerung, Demenzerkrankten und altersspezifischen Prävalenzen wurden genutzt, um länderspezifische Prävalenzen für verschiedene Ethnien zu berechnen. Daraus wurde die Anzahl von Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund und Demenz in Deutschland geschätzt, und wie diese sich auf die Bundesländer verteilen.

Ergebnisse: Von 1,86 Mio. Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund in Deutschland, die 65 Jahre oder älter sind, sind schätzungsweise 96.500 Personen (5,2 %) an Demenz erkrankt. Der Großteil entfällt auf Menschen mit polnischem (13.960), italienischem (8920) und türkischem (8840) bzw. europäischem Hintergrund (84.490). Die vermutlich höchsten Erkrankungszahlen zeigen Nordrhein-Westfalen (26.000), Baden-Württemberg (18.080) und Bayern (16.710).

Diskussion: Unsere Analysen zeigen die Anzahl an Demenz erkrankter Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund separat für ausgewählte Herkunftsländer als auch die deutschen Bundesländer. Dies bildet eine erste Grundlage für eine länderspezifische Handlungssteuerung und die Planung kultursensibler Angebote zur Versorgungsverbesserung der an Demenz erkrankten Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund.

This paper presents the microdata information system (MISSY). MISSY is a service of the German Mi-crodata Lab (GML) for empirically working scientists conducting research using microdata from official statistics. MISSY provides detailed metadata on individual data sets from the German (Microcensus) and European official statistics (e.g. EU-SILC, EU-LFS) and aims to facilitate the use of the data through user-friendly and quickly accessible data documentation.
We address the documentation requirements of official microdata, elaborate the benefits of structured metadata for researchers and describe the resulting objectives and contents of MISSY. Subsequently, we introduce the specific technical implementation: A general description of the technical infrastruc-ture as well as the basic data model (DDI-based) and the import/export interfaces of the database. Finally, we discuss MISSY with regard to the FAIR criteria and show how MISSY contributes to official microdata being "FAIR".