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Food is a social marker. Used positively, it demonstrates belonging to a group, and negatively it provides a justification for discrimination. Chauvinism and xenophobia express themselves through attitudes and stereotypes which are not necessarily grounded on facts but which may influence behaviour. Discrimination ranges from mild ridicule to harsh rejection and racism (for instance, against black people or Jews). It may apply to philosophico-religious beliefs, kinship, ethnic origins, social class and national identity. These attitudes still operate in the globalization process and possibly are not without economic consequences.

▪ Abstract  Despite its economic and cultural centrality, sport is a relatively neglected and undertheorized area of sociological research. In this review, we examine sports' articulation with stratification issues, especially race, class, and gender. In addition, we look at how the media and processes of globalization have affected sports. We suggest that sports and cultural sociologists need to attend more closely to how leisure products and practices are produced and distributed and how they intersect with educational, political, and cultural institutions. We propose the work of Bourdieu and the new institutionalism to undergird future research.

Diversity in employment relations is growing in the United States as a product of the growth in non-union employment and the existence of a variety of union and non-union employment practices. There is also wide variation in recent U.S. collective bargaining. In some firms heightened conflict appears, while in some others extensive partnerships have been forged. While some workers and firms are suffering as management takes advantage of the power advantages provided through non-union growth and globalization, in some other firms unions are using innovative bargaining or traditional strike leverage to make gains.

Faced by increased globalization, the dissatisfaction of Australian citizens, and a curtailing of spending, the Australian Government has embarked on a major reform agenda centered on new public management ideals to achieve greater economy, efficiency, and effectiveness. A major driver of reform in all levels of government has been the introduction of the national competition policy. Describes the recent developments in Australian public sector and discusses reform implications for accounting, accountability and performance in Queensland local governments. Suggests that accounting plays a significant role in promoting accountability, efficiency and effectiveness of public sector services.

In response to business fears about growing national interventionism during the 1930s and 1940s, the United States channelled national state power into an indiosyncratic strong warfare/weak welfare governance paradigm. By making the welfare state a weak adjunct to a powerful warfare state and a subordinate and controversial part of postwar U.S. governance this paradigm has delimited, skewed, and distorted postwar U.S. political development. Postwar policy developments leading right up to the recent attacks on the welfare state and the growing neo-liberal consensus related to globalization can be understood in terms of this paradigm.

Within the context of globalization and openness of the Taiwan economy, the Gini ratio for income distribution among individuals remained within a narrow range of just 0.35-0.36 for as long as two decades. The low level as well as the constancy of the degree of inequality, data availability from household surveys on an annual basis, the very swift publication of the survey reports and the high degree of agreement between the survey and national accounts-based aggregated income constitute a "miracle" as far as the experience of developing countries go.

Political globalization makes cross-national comparisons ever
more important, especially those that reach widely and over
time. Such policy analysis offers potentially practical applica-
tions for improved democratic representation. Valerie
O'Regan provides such analytic reach in her study about the
influence female policymakers have achieved in 22 industri-
alized nations. She considers the effects and effectiveness of
female legislators and executives in representing women's
interests. The central thesis, that gender differences in policy
priorities will be reflected in policy outcomes as the number
of female policymakers increases, is supported. The second-
ary thesis, that (wage) policy comprehensiveness will im-
prove, is not.

As corporate‐led globalization leads to unparalleled profits for some, poverty and inequality are growing at unparalleled rates throughout the world. The ineluctable rise in free market reforms contributes to rising costs for food and basic necessities for many in the third world. In this environment, nation‐states are unable to determine their economic destinies, and national labor unions are defenseless in protecting the wages and conditions of workers. The failure of neoliberal global policy to address the conditions of the poor is contributing to unprecedented international labor migration and greater economic insecurity among U.S. workers.

Despite the pressures of globalization, states remain relevant and maintain significant social policy capacities. Fulfilling these capacities has required innovation, with states increasingly acting on a local scale and seeking to leverage other actors' resources to meet their ends. The study of the state–community interface in the construction of the social economy in QuÈbec highlights that the renewed state remains as much an object of social struggle as before. The question for communities in QuÈbec, as elsewhere, is whether they can organize to advance democracy, or whether they will be harnessed to underwrite national accumulation strategies.

The nature of armed conflict has changed since the rise of globalization & the end of the Cold War. Now wars predominantly take the lives of civilians, over half of whom are children. This article examines the effects of armed conflict on children. In particular, it discusses refugee & internally displaced children, child soldiers, the sexual assault & exploitation of girls, & children traumatized by war. How the international community should respond to protect children & prevent war is explored in relation to the political & economic context within which wars occur. 15 References. Adapted from the source document.

The article examines the radical populist political movements in postcommunist Eastern Europe, which pose a threat to democratic reforms & civic culture. Ideologically polyglot, this ethnocentric, "charismatic" populism is anti-liberalism, anti-modernity, & anti-globalization, appealing to the disaffected with a nostalgic myth of cultural tradition & quasi-egalitarianism. Introduced is a symposium focusing on three key aspects of the radical populist phenomenon in Eastern & Central Europe: (1) ideological origins; (2) stance toward civic individualism & liberal (market) democracy; & (3) revision of historical events as basis for constructing the present & future. K. Coddon

This article examines continuities between territorial colonization (including identity distortion & resistance) & similar processes currently at work in cyberspace. What parallels are there between the spread of Western empire & cultural hegemony (& theories of indigenous regeneration) & the visualization, parcelization, & dominance of virtual space? What continuities are there between the battle for identity among the colonizer & colonized & the blurring of identity in cyber-realms? Will the mapping of cyberspace be significantly different from the "imaginative geography" used to rationalize Western globalization & the spread of corporate networks, developmentalist discourses, & settler communities? 83 References. Adapted from the source document.

Building an Institutional Framework in Developing Countries : the New Challenge of Administrative Cooperation in the Global Context

Since the end of the colonial period, the building of an institutional framework in developing countries has faced a number of difficulties, now sharply underscored by the globalization process. Administrative cooperation with developing countries is more necessary now than ever, but must take on new forms : traditional technical aid should be replaced by a serious policy of institution-building, based notably on a better balance between sector-based and global approaches, and on a greater diversity in the forms of institutional aid.

Book review in this articleA History of Economic Thought: The LSE Lectures Lionel Robbins S. G. Medema and W. J. Samuels (eds.)Road Pricing, Traffic Congestion and the Environment Kenneth Button and Erik Verhoef (eds.)The Political Economy of NATO Todd Sandler and Keith HartleyA Prism on Globalization: Corporate Responses to the Dollar Rangan Subramanian and Robert Z. LawrenceFrom Empire to Europe: The Decline and Revival of British Industry since the Second World War Geoffrey OwenVirtual Money Elinor Harris SolomanThe Development of Monetary Theory 1920s and 1930s (Volumes I–IV) Forrest Capie and Geoffrey E. Wood (eds.)