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""I looked [former] President Dilma [Rousseff] in the eyes and told her she is the hope of more than 60,000 'Mothers of May' produced by my country. [But] she should stop celebrating the end of the dictatorship, because we live in a false democracy, a democracy that kills tens, scores, hundreds." Debora Maria da Silva - the mother of a young Black man killed by São Paulo's police in May 2006 and founder of Mães de Maio (Mothers of May), an organization of similarly afflicted mothers - routinely denounces what she calls the "democracy of massacres" (democracia das chacinas) meticulously executed by Brazil's Military Police forces"--

The global reach of the Spanish and Portuguese empires prompted a remarkable flourishing of the classical rhetorical tradition in various parts of the early modern world. Empire of Eloquence is the first study to examine this tradition as part of a wider global renaissance in Europe, the Americas, Asia and Africa, with a particular focus on the Iberian world. Spanning the sixteenth to the early nineteenth centuries, the book argues that the classical rhetorical tradition contributed to the ideological coherence and equilibrium of this early modern Iberian world, providing important occasions for persuasion, legitimation and eventual (and perhaps inevitable) confrontation. Drawing on archival collections in thirteen countries, Stuart M. McManus places these developments in the context of civic, religious and institutional rituals attended by the multi-ethnic population of the Iberian world and beyond, and shows how they influenced public speaking in non-European languages, such as Konkani and Chinese.

1. Introduction -- 2. A Dialectics of Intoxication -- 3. Loaded and Exploded: Countercultural Travel and Its Colonialist Shadow -- 4. From Flower Power to Les fleurs du mal: la Onda literaria -- 5. High Crimes: Élmer Mendoza's "Zurdo" Mendieta Series and the Psychotropic Economy -- 6. Disturbing Innocence: Defamiliarizing Narco Violence Through Child Protagonists in Fiesta en la Madriguera and Prayers for the Stolen -- 7. Escape Velocity: Narcossism, Contagion, and Consumption in Julián Herbert -- 8. Conclusion.

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Foreword -- Translator's Foreword -- Introduction to the 1969 Edition -- 1. Anarchy -- 2. The Liberal Republic -- 3. The Decline of the Agro-Export Society and the World Crisis of 1930 -- 4. The Difficult Transition: World Depression and Postwar Growth -- 5. The New Option: Central American Economic Integration -- 6. In the Eye of the Storm, 1979-1991 -- Appendix -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Tables, Figures, and Maps -- Introduction -- Part One. State Formation against State Building -- One. A Theory of Latecomer State Formation -- Two. Independence and State Failure, 1808-45 -- Three. The Triumph of Trade-Led State Formation, 1845-75 -- Part Two. Ports, Parties, and Lords -- Four. A Politician-Centered Approach to State Formation -- Five. Before Argentina -- Six. Port-Driven State Formation in Argentina -- Seven. Port-Driven State Formation in Brazil -- Eight. Party-Driven State Formation in Mexico -- Nine. Party-Driven State Formation in Comparative Perspective -- Ten. Lord-Driven State Formation -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Index

Introduction : guerrillas and comandantes -- Dictators and civil wars -- Genesis of a guerrilla generation -- Inside the guerrilla -- Utopia and dystopia, Nicaragua -- Negotiations, peace and post-War reintegration -- Legacies and ambivalences -- Appendices.

Argentina's social movements : confrontation and co-optation / Gary Prevost -- The Landless Rural Workers' Movement and their waning influence on Brazil's Workers' Party government / Harry E. Vanden -- Social movements and revolutionary change in Bolivia / Waltraud Q. Morales -- Dilemmas of urban popular movements in popular-sector comunas of Santiago, Chile / Edward Greaves -- Social movements and the government of Rafael Correa : confrontation or cooperation? / Marc Becker -- Venezuela: movements for rent? / Daniel Hellinger.

This work explores the foundations and evolution of the four Latin American and Caribbean regional economic courts. It argues that local socio-political factors are often the decisive factor in influencing the direction of these Courts, rather than the formally delegated functions they were assigned when established.