Suchergebnisse

This study investigated the links between referrals to police child protection units (CPUs) and domestic violence units (DVUs) during November 1994 in one police force in an urban area of England. DVU files and CPU files were analyzed and cross-referenced by investigating types, severity, and frequency of abuse; and a number of background factors. The rate of overlap (families with files at both units) was 21.6%, although 46.3% of child protection files indicated the presence of domestic violence in the family home. The severity of maltreatment and the extent of injury for both spouse abuse and child maltreatment were significantly related to police response, with greater use of cautions or charges in more severe cases. Families with records in both units showed a higher number of prior referrals relating to both spouse abuse and child maltreatment. In addition, these cases showed greater severity of domestic violence.

The establishment of German admin'ive courts does not exclude the instit of an Ombudsman, but the German tradition of executive predominance works against it. The law of the German Federal Republic provides for a Verfassungbeschwerde (constitutional grievance), which places rights under the protection of a Constitutional Court. Creation of the armed forces led to the establishment of a Defense Commissioner of the Bundestag-an office modeled after the Swedish Military Ombudsman-which is now generally accepted. There appears to be little interest in a Civilian Ombudsman. Austria has a long tradition of effective control by the Federal Admin'ive Court. Introduction of an Ombudsman is not, at present, under consideration there. In the USSR, control over public administration is exercised by a branch of the Executive-the Prokuratura. However, unlike Scandinavian Ombudsmen, Procurators are subordinated to party guidance & discipline. Moreover, Soviet law provides scant access to courts for citizens seeking redress of admin'ive abuses. East European regimes have abolished review by admin'ive courts & adopted the Soviet Procuracy. In Yugoslavia, public prosecutors retain their role of guardians of legality, but supervision of administration has, largely, been transferred to the courts. Other East European countries, to date, have not followed the Yugoslav example. A debate on this issue is now in progress. HA.

This book considers administrative reform in post-socialist countries in the context of power and domination, to clarify why reforms failed in Russia and other post-Soviet countries, yet were positive in Baltic States and East European countries. Russia's reform is compared to that of the Ukraine, Bulgaria, Poland, Germany and North America.

This article assesses the articulation of vital ethno-national interests and the use and abuse of veto rights in deeply divided societies. In consociational theory, veto rights represent the primary means by which ethnic groups defend their 'vital interests', though they are often criticized for rewarding extremism and producing institutional instability. Situating a case study of Northern Ireland in a comparative perspective, I consider two lines of veto practice: liberal vs corporate (i.e. who has veto rights?) and permissive vs restrictive (i.e. to what issue areas do vetoes apply?), to assess what political incentives, if any, they offer for moderation and stability. Drawing from a review of the legislative debates when a veto was enacted and on semi-structured interviews with members of the Northern Ireland Assembly, I argue that a permissive approach, in which groups can determine their own vital interests, can contribute to moderation, peace and stability in divided societies.

Academic power and administrative power are the 2 basic types of authority in a university. While closely related to each other, they are at the same time opposed to each other. Whether a university is dominated by academic power or administrative power, they are all influenced by the
political and market needs of the country. Game theory is an effective tool to analyze the relationship between academic power and administrative power. In this study we analyzed the game relationships between these 2 types of authority in universities with the help of a prisoner's dilemma
game model, to achieve a new theoretical interpretation of the balance between academic power and administrative power.

What could be greener than wind power? That's easy-saving endangered species! The wind power industry has learned the hard way what timber companies, federal land management agencies, hydropower generators, state highway departments, real estate developers, small coastal villages, the Environmental Protection Agency, farmers, major metropolitan governments, and more like them around the nation know all too well-never, ever take your eyes off the Endangered Species Act ("ESA"). It may be green and one of the darlings of our nation's renewable energy future, but wind power has no "green pass" to get out of the ESA. The reason wind power has cause for concern with the ESA is, in a nutshell, that wind power needs wind, and many bats and birds- including some protected under the ESA-like windy places. So, it is no wonder that wind power developers frequently find their choice facility locations in the path of protected species. This potential for bats, birds, and other species to collide with or otherwise feel harmful effects from wind power turbines necessarily implicates the ESA, as well as several other federal wildlife protection statutes. Only in the past few years, however, has wind power capacity across the landscape reached levels making the intersection of wind power and the ESA of critical importance to the nation's renewable energy policy.