Describir el fenómeno de la corrupción es una manera de comprender el comportamiento desviado de los integrantes de determinada colectividad y el funcionamiento de su orden social. Por lo que resulta necesario abordar el tema como un fenómeno social, económico, político y también cultural. ; Describe the phenomenon of corruption is a way to understand the deviant behavior the members of a particular community. It is necessary to address the corruption issue as a social, economic, political and cultural phenomenon.
В статье определены коррупционные деяния как фактор, влияющий на внешнюю безопасность страны, указаны сферы общественных отношений, которые поражены коррупцией. Отображен исторический обзор возникновения коррупции. На примере последних политических событий в мире, показано разрушающее влияние коррупционных проявлений на Конституционное устройство ряда стран ближнего и дальнего зарубежья. Работа определяет эффективную роль психофизиологического исследования на полиграфе в выявлении достоверности информации в борьбе с коррупцией в Российской Федерации. Использование полиграфа для совершенствования антикоррупционной политики государства открывает новые возможности в борьбе с таким общемировым злом, как коррупция. Работа закрепляет за психофизиологическим исследованием на полиграфе основную профилактическую функцию в организации борьбы с коррупцией в России. В статье дан анализ законопроекта «О применении полиграфа в Российской Федерации», который в настоящее время внесен на рассмотрение в Государственную Думу. На основании изучения проектируемой нормы сделаны выводы о необходимости применения исследования на полиграфе при выявлении коррупционных рисков в случае назначении на должности государственных служащих, от деятельности которых зависит безопасность и Международный авторитет Российской Федерации ; The article defines the acts of corruption as a factor affecting the external security of the country, given the scope of public relations, which are affected by corruption. We have displayed historical overview of corruption. On the example of the recent political events in the world, the article shows a destructive impact of corruption on the constitutional arrangement of a number of near countries and far abroad. The work defines the effective role of the psycho-physiological study of polygraph in detecting accuracy of information in the fight against corruption in the Russian Federation. The use of polygraph to improve anti-corruption policy of the state opens up new possibilities in the fight with the worldwide scourge of corruption. The work gives basic preventive function to psychophysiological research on polygraph in the organizations fighting against corruption in Russia. The article analyzes the draft law "On the application of the polygraph in the Russian Federation", which is currently being introduced in the State Duma. Based on the study of the projected rate, we have made conclusions about the need for research on a polygraph in detecting corruption risks in the case of appointments of civil servants from the activity of which depends on security and international prestige of the Russian Federation
In Section I, this Comment examines the nature of the violence erupting out of protest activity at abortion clinics. Section II outlines the treatment of different types of federal lawsuits brought by clinics and pro-choice groups against both antiabortion groups and the leaders that spearhead the violent protest campaigns. Section III explores the use of RICO against such groups and individuals, and the imposition of an economic motivation requirement. Section IV discusses both the Seventh Circuit's and the Supreme Court's decisions in NOW v. Scheidler. Section V addresses the concerns surrounding the application of RICO to political protest activities. Section VI looks at Congress' intervention with legislation aimed to protect reproductive health care providers and their patients from violence, blockades, threats, and destruction of property, while ensuring the right to speech and conduct protected by the First Amendment. And Section VII briefly describes the possibilities for application of the two statutes.
Mark findlay / Corruption as business across market contexts -- Jay Albanese / When corruption and organized crime overlap : an empirical hierarchy of corrupt conduct -- Kenneth Murray / Unfair advantage : the corruptive influence of criminal money on legitimate markets -- Rose Broad and Nicholas Lord / Corruption as a facilitator of human trafficking : some key analytical issues -- Liz Campbell / The organisation of corruption in commercial enterprise : concealing (and revealing) the beneficial ownership of assets -- David Bamaung and John Cuddihy / Corruption : the exposure and exploitation of human vulnerabilities -- Adriaan Denkers / Mickey-mouse-money and gingerbread cookies : bonuses and organizational measures as predictors of corruption in organizations -- Anna Markovska and Petrus van Duyne / Contextualising corporate criminality in different cultural settings : the case of the gas industry in Ukraine -- Aleksandra Jordanoska / The dark side of finance : policing corruption through regulatory means -- Liliya Gelemerova, Jackie Harvey and Petrus van Duyne / Banks assessing corruption risk : a risky undertaking -- Calum Darling / The duty to disclose : implications for corruption in commercial enterprise -- Maurizio Bellacosa / The fight against corruption in commercial enterprises : a comparative overview in light of the Italian experience -- Nicholas Lord and Colin King / Negotiating non-contention : civil recovery and deferred prosecution in response to transnational corporate bribery -- Alan Doig / Non-conviction financial sanctions, corporate anti-bribery reparation, and their potential role in delivering effective anti-corruption pay-back : the emerging UK context.
Zugriffsoptionen:
Die folgenden Links führen aus den jeweiligen lokalen Bibliotheken zum Volltext:
Corruption impacts the state's financial losses and inhibits national development. As a result of the corruption crimes that occur so far in addition to the financial harm of the country or the country's economy, it also inhibits the growth and continuity of national development that demands high efficiency. The research methods used in this paper are juridical normative, and empirical approaches. The data used is secondary data and primary data. Data analysis using qualitative analysis of juridical. The judges were corrupt that the granting of criminal sanctions against gratuities had to be more severe because the defendant's actions were a form of error to be taken into account, no justification or excuse that eliminated criminal liability for the defendant. The judge must provide a fair criminal verdict for the defendant meaning that it is intended to provide a deterrent impact on the perpetrator of the crime, so as not to repeat the occurrence of the same crimes and expected for law enforcement officials especially judges in the sanction of defendants, judges can explore the legal values contained within the community. It is intended to create a sense of fairness towards society. It is expected that governments and academics and legal practitioners conduct periodic discussions/seminars to discuss attempts to address corruption. ; Corruption impacts the state's financial losses and inhibits national development. As a result of the corruption crimes that occur so far in addition to the financial harm of the country or the country's economy, it also inhibits the growth and continuity of national development that demands high efficiency. The research methods used in this paper are juridical normative, and empirical approaches. The data used is secondary data and primary data. Data analysis using qualitative analysis of juridical. The judges were corrupt that the granting of criminal sanctions against gratuities had to be more severe because the defendant's actions were a form of error to be taken into account, no justification or excuse that eliminated criminal liability for the defendant. The judge must provide a fair criminal verdict for the defendant meaning that it is intended to provide a deterrent impact on the perpetrator of the crime, so as not to repeat the occurrence of the same crimes and expected for law enforcement officials especially judges in the sanction of defendants, judges can explore the legal values contained within the community. It is intended to create a sense of fairness towards society. It is expected that governments and academics and legal practitioners conduct periodic discussions/seminars to discuss attempts to address corruption.
An abundance of natural resources might seem like something any nation would want to be blessed with. But in some countries, a bounty of energy, minerals and other resources can become as much a curse as a blessing. The difference between whether resources benefit a country's people, or lead to adversity and even suffering, has everything to do with how a country manages its resources. It is the difference between a resource-rich, free and democratically accountable country, such as Canada, and a resourcerich, corrupt, violent and impoverished country, such as the Democratic Republic of Congo. In many resource-rich countries, the effect of ample natural wealth has been to sever the accountability link between citizens and government, slowing or even reversing democratic and social progress, while mostly enriching a few politically favoured constituencies. Canada's plentiful resources are an indisputable blessing, and those critics of federal industrial policy who compare this country to illiberal and corrupt "petro-states" are being either ignorant or deceitful. There are numerous critical factors at work here that ensure that the Canadian public benefits, rather than suffers, from our natural endowments. We have a diversity of resources, as opposed to being reliant on a single commodity, and our natural-resource sector makes up only a small portion of our larger economy. We have well-established and diligently enforced standards for financial transparency and accountability, in both the private and public sectors. But, just as importantly, there is a national consensus in Canada that public wealth amassed from resource rents should be invested in strengthening human capital, through education, training and social services, as well as in improved infrastructure and better governance, eventually parlaying natural-resource wealth into a yet larger, further-diversified economy. But Canada — and especially resource-rich provinces, such as Alberta — cannot take these factors for granted. A combination of complacency and natural wealth has the potential to turn a blessing into a curse. Even once reasonably democratic and accountable countries, such as Venezuela, have been caught unprepared on the dangerous double edge of a resource boom and have seen their governance systems substantially eroded. Developing the fiscal capacity to withstand commodity-market shocks, creating effective and durable checks and balances on systems of legislative power, enforcing transparency in budgeting and public-investment management, and maximizing tax efficiencies and tax administration, are all areas where Canadians can and should focus their efforts. These are the fundamental safeguards that will ensure our ample natural resources continue to be seen by our citizens as a blessing and not — as is the unfortunate case in so many other countries — a curse.
This thesis focuses on the decision problem of local bureaucrats and the impact on government performance. Chapter 1 outlines the context of the thesis and provide a description of the thesis structure. Chapter 2 investigates the efficiency of decentralised targeting programmes and the distribution of public benefits. In Vietnam, village and commune officials decide whether a household is qualified to be classified as poor in order to get access to public transfers. This chapter focuses on the role of political connections in the poverty identification process and shows that political connections play a vital role. Households with relatives working in commune level government have an advantage in signalling their needs and are more likely to be classified as poor households. This is due to better knowledge of the process of identification. Social connections help identified households maintain social networks and reduce the probability of disagreement about the list and reporting corruption behaviour. Chapter 3 examines the effect of grand corruption, corruption at higher levels of government in China. Using a career concern model, there are underlying differences in the behaviour of politicians with different incentives. Rent seeking politicians are motivated to maximise private gain and raise fiscal revenue for the purpose of grabbing more rents. From 2002, the central government added individual and cooperate income taxes into the central-local shared tax category and took half of the income tax revenue from local governments. I use a difference-in-differences approach to compare the performance between rent-seeking and office-seeking politicians pre and post the policy change. The results show that provinces with more corrupt officials have relatively higher fiscal capacity. In contrast, office-seeking politicians prioritise career advancement over other targets and have a strong incentive to promote economic growth. I find that corrupt provinces have relatively lower fiscal capacity post-2001 due to the shrinking space for corruption after the increase in fiscal pressure. Chapter 4 focuses on the political incentives of provincial politicians in China. The performance-based promotion scheme has binding age limits on promotion prospects. As such, provincial officials change their incentives with age. The conceptual framework shows that officials change office-seeking motives to rent-seeking motives because of a negative expectation of future career progression. Using provincial data and the data on the characteristics and career paths of politicians, I confirm this incentive shift by showing that the growth rate of GDP dramatically drops at the cutoff age, while the focus on collecting revenue increases. ; TARA (Trinity?s Access to Research Archive) has a robust takedown policy. Please contact us if you have any concerns: rssadmin@tcd.ie
Corruption exists where the government is. The manifestations of corruption are everywhere where the government and its decision-making institutions exist. Scientists started showing interest in the problem of corruption only in the second part of the decade when Lithuania became independent. The criminal acts of corrupt character in the act of corruption prevention of the Republic of Lithuania are described as bribery, influence marketing, a bribe and other criminal acts if they are rendered in the public administrative sector or extending public service aiming for profit for themselves or other parties, such as corrupt practices or going beyond their commission, misuse of official authority, falsification of papers or measures, fraud, wealth appropriation or dissipation, revelation of a service secret, disclosure of a commercial secret, introduction of false information about income, profit or wealth, capital or money legalisation, which are obtained in criminal manner, interference in the proceedings of a public official or a person who fulfils public administrative functions or the rest criminal acts which result in taking or trying for a bribe, bribery or covering up for bribery. Comparing Lithuania with other 176 countries (if we evaluate a country from 0 (highly corrupted) to 100 points (very clear)), it was valued at 54 points in 2012 and took the forty-eighth place. As a result, further to this article the author is going to pay most attention to manifestations of corruption in Lithuania's police. ; Korupcijos apraiškų yra visur, kur yra valdžia ir jos sprendimus įgyvendinančios institucijos. Kur yra valdžia, ten yra ir korupcija. Lietuvos Respublikos korupcijos prevencijos įstatyme korupcinio pobūdžio nusikalstamos veikos apibūdinamos kaip kyšininkavimas, prekyba poveikiu, papirkimas, kitos nusikalstamos veikos, jeigu jos padarytos viešojo administravimo sektoriuje arba teikiant viešąsias paslaugas siekiant sau ar kitiems asmenims naudos: piktnaudžiavimas tarnybine padėtimi arba įgaliojimų viršijimas, piktnaudžiavimas oficialiais įgaliojimais, dokumentų ar matavimo priemonių suklastojimas, sukčiavimas, turto pasisavinimas ar iššvaistymas, tarnybos paslapties atskleidimas, komercinės paslapties atskleidimas, neteisingų duomenų apie pajamas, pelną ar turtą pateikimas, nusikalstamu būdu įgytų pinigų ar turto legalizavimas, kišimasis į valstybės tarnautojo ar viešojo administravimo funkcijas atliekančio asmens veiklą ar kitos nusikalstamos veikos, kai tokių veikų padarymu siekiama ar reikalaujama kyšio, papirkimo arba nuslėpti ar užmaskuoti kyšininkavimą ar papirkimą. Lyginant Lietuvą su kitomis 176 pasaulio šalimis pagal korupcijos suvokimo indeksą, t. y. įvertinant šalį nuo 0 (labai korumpuota) iki 100 balų (labai švari), Lietuva 2012 metais buvo įvertinta 54 balais ir užima 48 vietą. Pažvelgus į šį indeksą akivaizdu, kad korupcija yra reali grėsmė žmonijai ir turi būti viena iš prioritetinių krypčių Lietuvos viešajame sektoriuje. Todėl šiame straipsnyje pagrindinis dėmesys skiriamas korupcijos apraiškoms Lietuvos policijoje.
Актуальность и цели. Целью данной статьи является анализ структурно-семантических особенностей термина «коррупциогенный фактор», который выступает одним из ключевых в системе антикоррупционного законодательства Российской Федерации. Актуальность предлагаемого анализа обусловлена тем, что термин «коррупциогенный фактор», несмотря на официальное закрепление в действующем законодательстве, все еще остается предметом научных споров, а значит, нуждается в теоретическом осмыслении и практической разработке. Материалы и методы. Материалом исследования служат тексты действующих нормативных правовых актов в сфере антикоррупционного регулирования, тексты законов и иных официальных документов, отдельные положения которых обладают коррупционным потенциалом. В статье осуществляется семантический анализ составного термина «коррупциогенный фактор»; словообразовательный анализ входящих в него лексем; лингво-правовой анализ официальной дефиниции рассматриваемого термина; метод контекстуального анализа; лингвистический анализ различных элементов структуры текста правового документа. Результаты. Охарактеризованы структурно-семантические особенности термина «коррупционный фактор» с позиции обыденного филологического толкования; осуществлена оценка качества данного термина с точки зрения точности и полноты отражения обозначаемого правового понятия; проанализирована официальная дефиниция исследуемого термина; предложены уточненные формулировки терминов «юридико-лингвистическая неопределенность», «коррупциогенный фактор». Выводы. Полученные результаты позволили сформулировать следующее определение: коррупциогенные факторы это правовые дефекты юридических норм и двусмысленные языковые формулы в тексте нормативных правовых актов (проектов нормативных правовых актов), создающие предпосылку для коррупционных проявлений. ; Background. The aim of the article is to analyze structural and semantic features of the term "corruption factor", which appears to be among the key ones in the system of anticorruption legislation of the Russian Federation. Topicality of the suggested analysis is conditioned by the fact that the term "corruption factor", regardless of official fixation in the active legislation, still remains a subject of academic arguments, which means it requires theoretical understanding and practical development. Materials and methods. The research materials included texts of the active normative legal acts in the sphere of anticorruption regulation, texts of laws and other official documents, certain provisions of which have a corrupt potential. The work describes a semantic analysis of the compound term "corruption factor"; a word-formative analysis affiliated lexemes; a linguistic-legal analysis of official definitions of the term under consideration; a method of contextual analysis; a linguistic analysis of various structural elements of a legal document's text. Results. The article characterizes structural and semantic features of the term "corruption factor" from the philological point of view; assesses the quality of the said term taking into account accuracy and completeness of the represented legal conception; analyzes the official definition of the said term; suggests improved wording of such terms as "juridical-linguistic ambiguity", "corruption factor". Conclusions. The obtained results has encouraged formulation of the following definition: corruption factors are legal defects of juridical norms and ambiguous linguistic formulas in texts of normative legal acts (drafts of normative legal acts), creating preconditions for corrupt manifestations
The study was conducted primarily to investigate labour/government relations in Nigeria: A Study of Regulation, 1999 – 2012. The study is guided by four research questions. The population of the study comprises of all the 500 workers and government officials in the selected areas of study. Frequency count, percentage and statistical mean were used to analyze the results. The finding of the study reveals that, the respondents accepted all the impact of trade unionism and collective bargaining on Nigeriadevelopment.That is, Trade union and collective bargaining contributed to, Economic development in Nigeria, Provision of infrastructural development such as water, electricity, road and schools facilities, Provide the knowledge of laws that regulate labour activities in Nigeria, Improve Capacity building of workers, education, finance and independent, Guarantee workers salary, Protection of workers right and personnel interest, Boost worker physical integrity and moral dignity of the individual and Prevent workers being threaten or dismissed without reasons; the finding also reveals that the respondents, responded positively to the perceived causes of strike actions in Nigeria; that is, Poor infrastructural Development, High rate of corruption, Failure to implement collective agreement such as harmonized salary structure, Military intervene into democracy, Refusal to ascend to union, Poor or Delay in salary and wages of worker, Dissolution of trade union to segment to reduce their power, Retrenchment and unemployment problems and Strike may call back without consulting member. Similarly, the finding also reveals that the respondents accepted, all the items on reasons why successive and present governments subvert labour movement activities in Nigeria; that is, Military government demoralize union right, Problems of internal democracy is a threat to trade unionism, Both military and political leaders bane or arrest and even imprisons labour leaders, Regularism of trade union act pose a problems and Fear and apathy created in worker through unending rationalization retrieval of workers wages salary cuts. Finally, the finding reveals that the respondents, responded positively to the measures/strategies to regulate labour movement; that is, Nigerian workers must fight and dement the right at all times, Government should provide basic amenities such as water, electricity, improve agriculture and basic education to Nigerian, Improve salary structure and wages, Government in all level must fight corrupt leaders, Immunity clause should be removed in the constitution of the federal republic of Nigeria to tried corrupt leaders, Government should protect the right of workers, Prompts payment of salary and arrears to person and retired workers, There should be rule of law and due processes, Provision of employment opportunities and Employers should not victimize workers.
