Suchergebnisse

На материалах томских газет «Красное знамя» и «Томский вестник» прослеживаются основные социальные проблемы Томской области, обеспечение прессой роли звена обратной связи власти с населением. Анализируются методы, подходы, особенности в освещении прессой социальных проблем и их возможных решений. Формулируется вывод о состоянии социальной сферы в области во второй половине 1990-х гг. ; In this article basic social problems of Tomsk region are analyzed and the role of the newspapers as a link between government and people during 1995-1999s is explored. Authors used the materials of two Tomsk newspapers Krasnoye znamya and Tomskiy vestnik. The differences in presentation between these two newspapers in terms of their approaches, methods and solutions are explored. Authors draw some conclusions about social life of Tomsk in the second half of 1990s. This is the period of revolution, social and economical changes. These changes led to the appearance of new principals in a social life. This was also the time of serious society stratification, unemployment and homelessness. Also there appeared the first social organizations and services which helped people to find the way out of their social problems. However, modern social history of Russia has not become the object of serious scientific research. That is why this problem becomes very important today. The goal of this article is to recognize the place and role of two Tomsk newspapers, Krasnoye znamya and Tomskiy vestnik, in the presentation of social problems in the region, in the interaction between government and organizations of social protection and its effectiveness in the second half of 1990s. These newspapers played several different roles. On the one hand, they focused their attention on social problems; on the other hand, they themselves were the active subjects of social welfare. Also they were the connection between the government and people. The government could get information about social problems, and people could get information about government activity in social welfare. These problems are explored in the analysis of newspaper coverage of several socially unprotected groups, for example children (both living in families with problems and homeless ones), old people and disabled persons. Authors find fundamental differences both in the presentation mode of these problems and in motivation of editorial staff of these newspapers. Almost all social problems were presented by these newspapers in the second half of 1990s. These articles help to understand the hardest social and economical situation of a Russian society and government. Russian provinces like Tomsk region felt these problems in full too. The present research emphasized the problems in the division of responsibilities between federal and local branches of power.

Includes bibliographical references (leaves 87-99) ; That "there will be houses, comfort and security for all" was one of the rallying cries of the South African progressive movement under apartheid. When, in 1994, the African National Congress (ANC) toppled the, apartheid National Party in the country's first 'free and fair' elections, the promise of 'housing for all' again formed an important part of the vision of a 'new' South Africa. Yet in Cape Town, thirteen years later, the promises of housing for all conflicts strongly with the reality of an increasing housing backlog in the city. Apart from the obvious growth of informal and overcrowded dwellings around the city, one of the consequences has been that a narrative has emerged among residents born in the city, known as 'borners', that places responsibility for the continuation of their homelessness on people who are born outside of the city. Known as 'migrants', it is against such people that 'borners' have begun to articulate their entitlement to housing in Cape Town. This thesis is an attempt to examine such claims and the divisions which such claims imply. Using a case study of a township called Langa, the thesis attempts to understand how and why such claims are being made. Doing so requires an exploration of South Africa's past and present. By examining the past, the thesis argues, the categories 'homers' and 'migrants' can be seen as products of the attempt by South Africa's past segregationist regimes to mediate between the need for labour by capital and the racist desire to achieve a 'white' South Africa. In the post-1994 era however, the claims about division are not only encouraged by the discursive legacy of the past, but also by contemporary factors which have encouraged 'borners' to define themselves as different and in opposition to 'migrants'. Factors commonly cited by 'borners' include the facts that housing delivery is slowed by the increased demand for houses that results from large-scale immigration and that housing delivery is biased in favour of 'migrants'. Ultimately however, such conceptions about who is responsible for either producing, or usurping the tiny offerings forthcoming in Langa, misjudge political-economic reasons for the lack of housing. Working-class people waiting for houses pit themselves against others who are also without adequate housing, and the more direct causes of their housing woes, the present housing development strategy and the current direction of the macro-economy, essentially remain unchallenged.

Zur Umsetzung des Resozialisierungsauftrags bedarf es in der Praxis des Strafvollzugs und der Straffälligenhilfe eines breiten rechtlichen, kriminologischen, methodischen und institutionellen Wissens. Die 5., aktualisierte und erweiterte Neuauflage des Handbuchs vermittelt praxisorientierte interdisziplinäre Fachkenntnisse rund um Resozialisierung, Erziehung und Sozialisation. Es berücksichtigt aktuelle rechtliche Entwicklungen und kriminologische Erkenntnisse und zeigt eine Vielzahl von möglichen Resozialisierungsmaßnahmen und Hilfeleistungen für straffällig gewordene Menschen auf. Erweitert um die Themen Desistance, Restorative Justice und Wohnungslosigkeit richtet sich das Handbuch als Basislektüre und praktisches Nachschlagewerk an Studierende der Sozialen Arbeit, Erziehungs-, Rechts- und Sozialwissenschaften, an die Fachkräfte in der Justiz und der Straffälligenhilfe, in Jugendämtern und in Justizvollzugsanstalten.

Ellen Reese considers the politics of welfare in the U.S. from the 1940s to the present, offering a historical perspective on the current debates over 'welfare mothers' & showing how racism has played a large part in the formulation of popular conceptions regarding welfare

The official domestic ideas for solving the problem of poverty primarily moving within the frame of a work-based society. In our hypothesize that in an average economic period would be needed a different viewpoint among people who are able for work and are motivated. It is an eternal truth that people with lower education have to work more to make a living. Therefore, they often do not have time to develop themselves and to build and maintain supportive relationships that would keep them within society in the event of an existential difficulty. Thus, if they lose their jobs, they easily drift to the margins of society, become homeless, fall victim, or be criminalized. We therefore agree with that the housing problem is solved by housing and not work. However the solution to self-development and the building of retaining, supportive social relations is the leisure time that is not available to the strata who are forced to overwork in order to ensure a livelihood. We therefore consider it is necessary to provide those kind of programs for vulnerable groups that makes this free time available, by providing them some additional support. Our study examines the question, through analyzing a pilot program, of what kind of framework and which role of using basic income guarantee in a program aim to handle the poverty can be.

This introduction to the thematic issue on housing and territorial stigma provides concise overviews of the concepts of stigma, housing stigma, and territorial (or neighborhood) stigma, while tracing back current research on these topics to the pioneering work of Erving Goffman and Loic Wacquant. In doing this, we place particular attention on social responses to, and coping strategies with, stigma, especially various forms of stigma resistance. Finally, in brief summaries of all articles in the thematic issue, we emphasize their shared themes and concerns.

"This paper examines conditions of social exclusion and attempts at social inclusion in Japan from a housing perspective. Companies, households and the government have previously supported housing in Japan. However, corporate welfare was withdrawn following the globalization of the economy from the 1990s onwards, support from families and communities declined due to a reduction in household size, and governmental housing support has shifted away from direct support. A reduction in income and unstable work left many people with unstable housing. Certain workers, such as foreigners performing dispatched labour, could not maintain continuous work under the influence of the Lehman Brothers' bankruptcy in 2008. Household size has shrunk according to changes in the industrial structure, and the number of households that cannot sustain housing is increasing. Such vulnerable households - elderly people, the handicapped, low-income earners and single parents - can become excluded from the rental housing market. On the other hand, governmental measures are promoting local dwellings and maintaining the condition for a dwelling service. Activities, such as local community support of the homeless have been initiated by various Non-profit Organisations (NPOs) and NPO activities are increasingly exemplifying measures to achieve social inclusion." (author's abstract)

Presented article is focused on the analysis of forced evictions caused by the organization of sport megaevents. The development of sport arenas and associated urban infrastructure usually resulted in forced displacement of many thousand of local inhabitants from its direct neighbourhoods. The first cases of such evictions were observed already during the first half of the twentieth century. During the last three decades mass displacment associated with the sport events becomes a particularly negative sosial issue. We have observed several cases of mass displacement caused by preparation of summer olympic games in Seoul, Atlanta, Athens, Beijing, and Rio de Janeiro. Currently we are observing the growing scale of such evictions in many parts of the globe. The significant scale of such problem is observed in developing states (India, Brazil), as well as in countries ruled in non-democratic manner, charaterized by the low developemt of the institutions of human rights protection. Discussed facts and statistical analysis becomes a point of reference for the in-depth analysis of the economic, political, social, and legal context of this problem. Forced evictions associated with the sport events (so-called mega events) can be considered as a specific category of development-induced displacement and resettlement (DIDR). The article is focused on the most spectacular examples of such evictions observed between 1988 and 2016. My particular attention is devoted to the negative social consequences of this issue and its legal implications.

Temporary urbanism has become an established marker of city making after the 2008 Global Financial Crisis. The book offers a critical exploration of its emergence and establishment as a seductive discourse and as an entangled field of urban practice encompassing architecture, visual and performative arts, urban regeneration and planning. Drawing on seven years of semi-ethnographic research in London, it explores the politics of temporariness at time of austerity from a situated analysis of neighbourhood transformation and wider cultural and economic shifts. Through a sympathetic, longitudinal engagement with projects and practitioners, the book tests the power of aesthetic and cultural interventions and highlights tensions between the promise of practices of dissenting vacant space re-appropriation, and their practical foreclosure. Against the normalisation of ephemerality, it develops a critique of temporary urbanism as a glamorisation of the anticipatory politics of precarity, transforming subjectivities and imaginaries of urban action. Bron: Flaptekst, uitgeversinformatie

Social welfare, increasingly extensive during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, was by the first third of the nineteenth under considerable, and growing, pressure, during a "crisis" period when levels of poverty soared. This book examines the poor and their families during these final decades of the old Poor Law. It takes as a case study the lived experience of poor families in two Bedfordshire communities, Campton and Shefford, and contrasts it with the perspectives of other participants in parish politics, from the magistracy to the vestry, and from overseers to village rat

"Woven throughout with rich details of everyday life, this original, on-the-ground study of poor neighborhoods challenges much prevailing wisdom about urban poverty, shedding new light on the people, institutions, and culture in these communities. Over the course of nearly a decade, Martín Sánchez-Jankowski immersed himself in life in neighborhoods in New York and Los Angeles to investigate how social change and social preservation transpire among the urban poor. Looking at five community mainstays--the housing project, the small grocery store, the barbershop and the beauty salon, the gang, and the local high school--he discovered how these institutions provide a sense of order, continuity, and stability in places often thought to be chaotic, disorganized, and disheartened. His provocative and ground-breaking study provides new data on urban poverty and also advances a new theory of how poor neighborhoods function, illuminating the creativity and resilience that characterize the lives of those who experience the hardships associated with economic deprivation"--Provided by publisher

Progressive-era "poverty warriors" cast poverty in America as a problem of unemployment, low wages, labor exploitation, and political disfranchisement. In the 1990s, policy specialists made "dependency" the issue and crafted incentives to get people off welfare. Poverty Knowledge gives the first comprehensive historical account of the thinking behind these very different views of "the poverty problem," in a century-spanning inquiry into the politics, institutions, ideologies, and social science that shaped poverty research and policy. Alice O'Connor chronicles a transformation in the study of poverty, from a reform-minded inquiry into the political economy of industrial capitalism to a detached, highly technical analysis of the demographic and behavioral characteristics of the poor. Along the way, she uncovers the origins of several controversial concepts, including the "culture of poverty" and the "underclass." She shows how such notions emerged not only from trends within the social sciences, but from the central preoccupations of twentieth-century American liberalism: economic growth, the Cold War against communism, the changing fortunes of the welfare state, and the enduring racial divide