The role of asymmetric innovation's sizes in technology licensing under partial vertical integration
In: Research in economics: Ricerche economiche, Band 78, Heft 2, S. 100958
ISSN: 1090-9451
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In: Research in economics: Ricerche economiche, Band 78, Heft 2, S. 100958
ISSN: 1090-9451
In: French politics, Band 21, Heft 1, S. 25-46
ISSN: 1476-3427
In: French politics, Band 21, Heft 1, S. 25-46
ISSN: 1476-3419
World Affairs Online
In: ECO: revista académica : economía, empresarialidad y desarrollo, Band 27, Heft 1, S. 113-129
ISSN: 2312-3818
In: German politics, S. 1-29
ISSN: 1743-8993
In: Evolutionary human sciences, Band 4
ISSN: 2513-843X
AbstractThe energetic cost of walking varies with mass and speed; however, the metabolic cost of carrying loads has not consistently increased proportionally to the mass carried. The cost of carrying mass, and the speed at which human walkers carry this mass, has been shown to vary with load position and load description (e.g. child vs. groceries). Additionally, the preponderance of women carriers around the world, and the tendency for certain kinds of population-level sexual dimorphism has led to the hypothesis that women might be more effective carriers than men. Here, I investigate the energetic cost and speed changes of women (N =9) and men (N =6) walking through the woods carrying their own babies (mean baby mass = 10.6 kg) in three different positions – on their front, side and back using the same Ergo fabric baby sling. People carrying their babies on their backs are able to maintain their unloaded walking speed (1.4 m/s) and show the lowest increase in metabolic cost per distance (J/m, 17.4%). Women carry the babies for a lower energetic cost than men at all conditions (p< 0.01). Further energetic and kinematic evidence elucidates the preponderance of back-carrying cross-culturally, and illustrates the importance of relatively wider bi-trochanteric breadths for reducing the energetic costs of carrying.
In: Journal of labor economics: JOLE, Band 40, Heft S1, S. S341-S382
ISSN: 1537-5307
SSRN
In: European journal of political economy, Band 67, S. 101961
ISSN: 1873-5703
In: Contemporary politics, Band 27, Heft 3, S. 271-291
ISSN: 1469-3631
In: NBER Working Paper No. w27286
SSRN
Working paper
In: Development Southern Africa, Band 37, Heft 3, S. 462-482
ISSN: 1470-3637
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) suffered a sharp contraction in their borrowing from banks during the Great Recession. Analyzing a large firm-level database for European countries, the paper shows that trade credit amplified the liquidity squeeze on SMEs, with adverse effects on their real activity. SMEs sharply increased their net trade credit and thus transferred financial resources to larger firms. Given the large weight of SMEs in the economy of European countries, the liquidity squeeze of SMEs likely contributed to the depth of the output fall and the slow recovery in Europe during the Great Recession.
BASE
In: Working Paper of the Max Planck Institute for Tax Law and Public Finance No. 2019-17
SSRN
Working paper
In: European Journal of Political Economy, Band 56, S. 90-102