Suchergebnisse

This paper addresses the question of whether trade interdependencies are significant in explaining the international synchronization of business cycles, or "international business cycles". Using an econometric framework that combines the concept of separate cointegration (Granger an Konishi, 1992) with that of common feature analysis (Engle and Kozicki, 1993; Vahid and Engle, 1993), we are able to formulate meaningful ways of characterizing the links between trade flow dynamics and international output dynamics. We conclude that trade interdependencies do have an effect in explaining the international business cycle.

Aus sowjetischer Sicht

Anke Reinhardt International governmental organizations are not, at least not primarily, research organizations. There are exceptions: For example, the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) and the Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International (CABI) were both created to conduct research. But the vast majority of international organizations have other functions: facilitating international cooperation, regulating international […]
The post Explaining Research Activities of International Organizations appeared first on Ideas on Europe.

Anke Reinhardt International governmental organizations are not, at least not primarily, research organizations. There are exceptions: For example, the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) and the Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International (CABI) were both created to conduct research. But the vast majority of international organizations have other functions: facilitating international cooperation, regulating international […]
The post Explaining Research Activities of International Organizations appeared first on Europe of Knowledge.

National audience ; International law has long considered civil and political rights and economic social and cultural rights as inherently different from each other. This has justified the adoption of two separate covenants for the two sets of rights: the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) respectively. Only violations of the rights guaranteed by the ICCPR could be subject to a quasi-judicial procedure before the United Nations Human Rights Council. In fact, the rights guaranteed by the ICESCR were considered as unjusticiable. However, through a careful assessment of the decisions of UN human rights committees and of international courts, this article shows that the justiciability of social rights has been progressively recognised. This progressive recognition has resulted in the adoption of the Optional Protocol to the ICESCR in 2008, establishing a quasi-judicial international procedure for the violation of rights guaranteed by the ICESCR. This article studies the international negotiations which have taken place since 1966 and which have led to the drafting of this text, thus bringing closer the legal frameworks of the two Covenants. ; En droit international, les droits civils et politiques d'une part et les droits économiques, sociaux et culturels d'autre part ont longtemps été pensés comme intrinsèquement différents. Ceci a donc justifié leur reconnaissance en 1966 au sein de deux pactes séparés, le Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques (PIDCP) et le Pacte international relatif aux droits économiques, sociaux et culturels (PIDESC). Seules les violations des droits issus du PIDCP pouvaient faire l'objet d'une procédure quasi-juridictionnelle devant le Comité des droits de l'Homme des Nations Unies, les droits du PIDESC étant considérés comme injusticiables. Cet article montre pourtant, par une étude précise des différentes décisions des comités onusiens de protection des droits de l'Homme et des juridictions internationales, que petit à petit une forme d'invocabilité a été reconnue aux droits sociaux. Cette consécration a progressivement abouti à l'adoption en 2008 du Protocole facultatif au PIDESC qui crée une procédure quasi-juridictionnelle internationale en cas de violation d'un droit issu dudit Pacte. Cet article étudie les négociations internationales qui depuis 1966 ont permis la rédaction de ce texte et donc le rapprochement des régimes juridiques entre les deux Pactes.