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Humanitarian aid has been more significant in the last few years, Spain has become an important humanitarian donor. In this context, the AECID and the Ministry of Defence have developed a wide collaboration annually reflected in a Plan of Action. The range of activities includes the response to natural disasters, humanitarian demining and Afganisthan reconstruction. ; La ayuda humanitaria ha tomado gran relevancia en los últimos años y España se ha convertido en un importante donante humanitario. En este contexto, la AECID y el Ministerio de Defensa han desarrollado una amplia colaboración que se refleja anualmente con la firma de un Plan Operativo y cuyas actividades van desde la respuesta a los desastres naturales a la reconstrucción de Afganistán pasando por el desminado humanitario.

"Von allen EU Mitgliedstaaten weisen die deutschen Gewerkschaften die größte Differenz in den Organisationsgraden von Männern und Frauen auf. Sie sind am wenigsten an die Strukturveränderungen des Arbeitsmarktes aufgrund des Entstehens der Dienstleistungsökonomie angepasst. Diese Tatsache erfordert eine gründlichere Analyse der Rolle der Institutionen der Arbeitsbeziehungen für die gewerkschaftliche Mitgliederentwicklung. Der Beitrag lokalisiert die Hauptprobleme des Mitgliederschwunds der Gewerkschaften im Bereich der schwachen Vertretung im Dienstleistungssektor und der Alterung der Mitglieder in den Industriegewerkschaften. Er argumentiert, dass die Institutionen der Arbeitsbeziehungen einen doppelten Effekt haben. Industriegewerkschaften sind einerseits die wesentliche Stütze zentralisierter Tarifverhandlungen und institutioneller Stabilität. Auf der anderen Seitegibt es Anzeichen, dass ihre Stabilität auch zu dem Mitgliederschwund beigetragen hat." (Autorenreferat)

Foreword -- Preface -- Part I: Theoretical Aspects -- Chapter 1: Socioecology -- Chapter 2: Beyond Paradigms: Socio-Ecology's heritage and prospective -- Chapter 3: Effective ecological sustainability as a complex system from a social dimension -- Chapter 4: In search of long-term conservation: objectives, effectiveness and participation schemes in Protected Areas -- Chapter 5: Changing the paradigm for better conservation: Conceptual proposals from the environmental humanities -- Chapter 6: Inclusion of the human factor in protected natural areas -- Chapter 7: Uncontrolled Urban Growth: The Crisis of Protected Natural Areas near Cities in Mexico -- Chapter 8: Dynamic simulation models and participatory approaches to support the sustainable management of social-ecological systems in Natural Protected Areas -- Part II: Methodological Aspects -- Chapter 9: The payment of Environmental services as an economic and governance mechanism for the conservation and management of Natural Protected Areas -- Chapter 10: An integrated dynamic model for beach zoning in natural protected areas -- Chapter 11: Managing the Galapagos National Park: a systemic approach based on socio-ecological modeling and sustainability indicators -- Chapter 12: Local stakeholders' perception as a contribution to the identification of negative impacts on protected areas: a case study of Torres del Paine National Park -- Chapter 13: ICZM Strategy for the Socio-ecological System of the Mar Menor (Spain): methodological aspects and public participation -- Chapter 14: Training for aquaculture and fishery activities for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity -- Chapter 15: Applying epistemic approach to analyze bio-intercultural relationships among local indigenous people and nature -- Part III: Social Groups and Ecological Knowledge -- Chapter 16: Sociocultural and environmental interactions between people and wild edible plants: the case of Sierra la Laguna Biosphere Reserve -- Chapter 17: Hunting in the Yucatan Peninsula. Knowledge and worldviews -- Chapter 18: The Nagoya Protocol, Intellectual Property, and Biodiversity Conservation in Mexico -- Chapter 19: Social participation for implementation of trap-cameras projects in managed and protected natural areas of Mexico -- Chapter 20: Socio-environmental affectation of coffee production activity in tributaries of La Suiza River at El Triunfo Biosphere Reserve, Chiapas -- Part IV: BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION SUCCESS FROM SOCIO-ECOLOGICAL APPROACH -- Chapter 21: Resistance of the Civil Society against Mining Projects -- Chapter 22: Visions of the future in the oases of Baja California Sur, Mexico -- Chapter 23: The challenge of the science of sustainability in protected natural areas. The case of the UMA "Wotoch Aayin" in the Ría Celestún Biosphere Reserve, Campeche. -- Chapter 24: Results of socio-ecosystem institutional management: analysis of two protected natural areas of central México -- Part V: Community Well Living Imporovement from Ecological Conservation -- Chapter 25: Economic valuation of diving with bull sharks in natural conditions: a recent activity in Cabo Pulmo National Park, Gulf of California, Mexico -- Chapter 26: Socio-ecological effects of government and community collaborative work with local development in a natural protected area -- Chapter 27: Integration of resident fisherfolk communities in Marine Protected Areas by social micro entrepreneurships of mariculture: a case study at La Paz Bay, South Baja California, Mexico -- Chapter 28: Community water management and conservation in Cabo Pulmo National Park (Baja California Sur, Mexico) -- Part VI: Governance Changes from Sociecological Approach -- Chapter 29: Walls of water, socio-ecological perspectives of governance changes in a protected natural area of Mexico -- Chapter 30: A socioeconomic assessment for creating successful resource management policies for protecting the Champotón River in Campeche -- Chapter 31: Socio-ecological approach of two fishery resources in the Centla Wetland Biosphere Reserve -- Chapter 32: Ecotourism as a mean to promote community inclusion and nature conservation: the case study of Maya Ka'an -- Chapter 33: Effective Management of the National Park Espíritu Santo, through the Governance, Planning and Design of an Integral Strategy for Los Islotes -- Chapter 34: Analysis of a socio-ecological system: coastal zone of the Yaqui indigenous community (NW México) -- Chapter 35: Natural protected areas vs integrated watershed management: People participation analysis in México -- Chapter 36: The use of geographical environmental perception in the detection of contaminated urban streams: towards the proposal of environmental policies in Chiapas, Mexico -- Part VII: Concluding Remarks -- Chapter 37: concluding remarks -- Index.

Part I: Advanced Statistical and Mathematical Methods for Time Series Analysis -- Random Forest Variable Selection for Sparse Vector Autoregressive Models (Dmitry Pavlyuk) -- Covariance functions for Gaussian Laplacian fields in higher dimension (Gyorgy Terdik) -- The Correspondence between Stochastic Linear Diference and Diferential Equations (D. Stephen G. Pollock) -- New test for a random walk detection based on the arcsine law (Konrad Furmanczyk, Marcin Dudzinski and Arkadiusz Orlowski) -- Part II: Econometric Models and Forecasting -- On the automatic identification of Unobserved Components Models (Diego J. Pedregal and Juan R. Trapero) -- Spatial integration of pig meat markets in the EU: Complex Network analysis of nonlinear price relationships (Christos Emmanouilides and Alexej Proskynitopoulos) -- Comparative Study of Models for Forecasting Nigerian Stock Exchange Market Capitalization (Nura Isah, Basiru Yusuf and Sani I.S. Doguwa) -- Industry Specifics of Models Predicting Financial Distress (Dagmar Camska) -- Stochastic volatility model's predictive relevance for Equity Markets (Per B Solibakke) -- Empirical test of the Balassa-Samuelson Effect in Selected African Countries (Joel Hinaunye Eita, Zitsile Zamantungwa Khumalo and Ireen Choga) -- Part III: Energy Time Series Forecasting -- End of charge detection of batteries with high production tolerances (Andre Loechte, Ole Gebert and Peter Gloesekoetter) -- The effect of Daylight Saving Time on Spanish Electrical Consumption (Eduardo Caro Huertas, Jesus Juan Ruiz, Marta Mana Sanchez, Jesus Ruperez Aguilera, Carlos Rodriguez Huidobro, Ana Rodriguez Aparicio and Juan Jose Abellan Perez) -- Wind Speed Forecasting Using Kernel Ridge Regression (Mohammad Alalami, Maher Maalouf and Tarek El Fouly) -- Applying a 1D-CNN Network to Electricity Load Forecasting (Christian Lang, Florian Steinborn, Oliver Steffens and Elmar W. Lang) -- Long and Short Term Prediction of Power Consumption using LSTM Networks (Juan Carlos Morales, Salvador Moreno, Carlos Bailon, Hector Pomares, Ignacio Rojas and Luis Javier Herrera) -- Part IV: Forecasting Complex/Big data problems -- Freedman's Paradox: a Solution Based on Normalized Entropy (Pedro Macedo) -- Mining News Data for the Measurement and Prediction of Inflation Expectations (Diana Gabrielyan, Lenno Uuskula and Jaan Masso) -- Big Data: Forecasting and Control for Tourism Demand (Miguel Angel Ruiz Reina) -- Traffic Networks via Neural Networks: Description and Evolution (Alexandros Sopasakis) -- Part V: Time Series Analysis with Computational Intelligence -- A Comparative Study on Machine Learning Techniques for Intense Convective Rainfall Events Forecasting (Matteo Sangiorgio, Stefano Barindelli, Valerio Guglieri, Riccardo Biondi, Enrico Solazzo, Eugenio Realini, Giovanna Venuti and Giorgio Guariso) -- Long-Short Term Memory Networks for the Prediction of Transformer Temperature for Energy Distribution Smart Grids (Francisco Jesus Martinez-Murcia, Javier Ramirez, Fermin Segovia, Andres Ortiz, Susana Carrillo, Javier Leiva, Jacob Rodriguez-Rivero and Juan Manuel Gorriz) -- Deep Multilayer Perceptron for Knowledge Extraction: Understanding the Gardon de Mialet Flash Floods Modelling (Bob E. Saint Fleur, Guillaume Artigue, Anne Johannet and Severin Pistre) -- Forecasting short-term and medium-term time series:a comparison of artificial neural networks and fuzzy models (Tatiana Afanasieva and Pavel Platov) -- Inflation Rate Forecasting: Extreme Learning Machine as a Model Combination Method (Jeronymo Marcondes Pinto and Emerson Fernandes Marcal) -- Part VI: Time Series Analysis and Prediction in Other Real Problems -- Load Forecast by Multi Task Learning Models: designed for a new collaborative world (Leontina Pinto, Jacques Szczupak and Robinson Semolini) -- Power transformer forecasting in smart grids using NARX neural networks (Javier Ramirez, Francisco J. Martinez Murcia, Fermin Segovia, Andres Ortiz, Diego Salas-Gonz_alez, Susana Carrillo, Javier Leiva, Jacob Rodriguez- Rivero and Juan M. Gorriz) -- Short term forecast of emergency departements visits through calendar selection (Cosimo Lovecchio, Mauro Tucci, Sami Barmada, Andrea Serafini, Luigi Bechi, Mauro Breggia, Simona Dei and Daniela Matarrese) -- Discordant Observation Modelling (Sonya Leech and Bojan Bozic) -- Applying Diebold-Mariano test for performance evaluation between individual and hybrid time series models for modeling bivariate time series data and forecasting the unemployment rate in the USA (Moamen Abbas Mousa Al-Sharifi and Firas Ahmmed Mohammed Al-Mohana).

PART I. FACTORS AND CONDITIONS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN SOCIO-ECONOMIC SYSTEMS -- Challenges of Corporate Risk Management after the Global Financial Crisis (K. Benetti) -- "Hexagon" of Property (S. V. Domnina, S. Y. Salynina) -- Have the Lessons about Crisis Processes in the Russian Economy Been Learned? (M. A. Sherstnev) -- Modeling the Spatial Organization of the Higher Education System in the Regional Economy (E. V. Bolgova, M. V. Kournikova) -- Modern Issues of Development of the Customs and Logistics Infrastructure of the International North-South Transport Corridor (R. V. Fedorenko) -- Prospects for the Functioning of the New Customs Code of the Eurasian Economic Union (E. S. Smolina, R. N. Seryomina) -- World Economy, Economic Science and Economic Policy: what comes after the Crisis (M. A. Sherstnev) -- PART II. PROBLEMS AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF INNOVATION-ORIENTED ECONOMY -- Assessed Probability of Risks in Dependence on Innovative Project Description (A .D. Kornilova, N. V. Shekhova, N. N. Belanova, E. V. Savoskina) -- Ecology, Innovation and Quality of Life: AB OVO USQUE AD MALA (G. R. Khasaev, N. V. Lazareva, G. E. Kudinova, R. S. Kuznetsova, G. S. Rozenberg) -- Empirical Indicators of Innovative Readiness of the Population: Experience of the Application of the Bogardus Scale (A. V. Rostova, Y. A. Urgalkin) -- Innovation and Investment Activities in Businesses as a Determining Factor of Development of the Russian Federation (A. M. Mikhailov, G. T. Sabirova, K. V. Shnyakin) -- Readiness to Changes as one Entrepreneurial Value of the Innovation-Oriented Economy (S. I. Ashmarina, V. V. Mantulenko, E. P. Troshina) -- PART III. PROSPECTS FOR THE DIGITALIZATION OF THE ECONOMY -- Comparison of Neural Networks and Regression Time Series when Estimating the Copper Price Development (M. Vochozka, J. Horák) -- Evolution of the Venture Investment Market in the Information Economy of Russia (S. V. Domnina, O. A. Guzhova, N. V. Kozhukhova, Yu. A. Tokarev) -- Influence of Information Technologies on Production Efficiency: Estimation on the Basis of Algorithms for Machine Learning (O. V. Bakanach, N. V. Proskurina, N. P. Persteneva, M. Yu. Karyshev) -- Logistics 4.0 (T. E. Evtodieva, D. V. Chernova, N. V. Ivanova, N.S. Kisteneva) -- Transformation of Household Consumption in the Conditions of Transition to the Information Economy (Yu. A. Tokarev, O. V. Bakanach, N. P. Persteneva, N. V. Proskurina) -- Using Artificial Intelligence in Analysing and Predicting the Development of Stock Prices of a Subject Company (V. Machová, M. Vochozka) -- PART IV. SPECIFIC FEATURES OF THE MODERN LABOR MARKET DEVELOPMENT -- Analysis of European Approaches to Improving the Life of the Population through the Implementation of a Mechanism of Independent Assessment of Qualifications (E. P. Pecherskaya, V. V. Klimuk, T. M. Tarasova) -- Differentiation of Regional Labor Markets: New Risks and Opportunities for Smoothing (M. V. Simonova, F. I. Mirzabalayeva, L. V. Sankova) -- Sectoral Framework of Qualifications as a Tool for the Integration of Educational and Business Spheres of Russia (E. A. Mitrofanova, A. E. Mitrofanova, M. V. Simonova) -- PART V. SECTORAL ASPECTS OF SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT -- Analysis of the Precious Metals Market in Russia as a Component of the Global Financial Market in Modern Conditions (M. E. Konovalova, O. Y. Kuzmina, E. S. Nedorezova, S. Y. Salomatina, A. M. Mikhaylov) -- Assessing the Financial Health of Companies Engaged in Mining and Extraction Using Methods of Complex Evaluation of Enterprises (J. Vrbka, Z. Rowland) -- Effective Development Mechanism of Companies in the Communal Services Sector in Modern Conditions (N. V. Nikitina, V. V. Chaadaeva, A. A. Chudaeva) -- Investment Development of Enterprises of Industrial Clusters (A. V. Zastupov) -- Monitoring the Financial Security of the Economic Subject on the Basis of Financial Risk Assessment (O. A. Naumova, I. A. Svetkina) -- Organizational and Economic Problems of Systemic Modernization of Enterprises of the Machine-Building Complex (A. B. Vishnyakova, B. Y. Tatarskikh) -- Development Problems of the North Caucasus Recreational and Tourist Cluster in Russia (V. I. Barilenko, J. M. Tsugalov, N. N. Semenov, T. D. Krylova) -- Technological and Economic Justification of Development Tendencies of the Russian Petroleum Refining Industry (A. V. Streltsov, G. I. Yakovlev)

Transregionality in the history of area studies / Steffi Marung -- Balkan counter-circulation: internationalizing area studies from a periphery during the Cold War / Bogdan Iacob -- Area studies scholarship of Asia / Prasenjit Duara -- Area studies, regionalwissenschaften, aires culturelles: the respatialization of area studies from a bird's-eye view / Steffi Marung -- Methods in transregional studies: intercultural transfers / Antje Dietze and Matthias Middell -- Comparative area studies / Andreas Mehler -- Transregional study of class, social groups, and milieus / Christof Dejung -- The study of transregional movements / Helena Flam -- Multiple Atlantics / Susanne Lachenicht -- Indian Ocean worlds / Geert Castryck -- Movements, sites, and encounters of (post-)colonial knowledge in and of the Pacific / Christa Wirth -- Colonial studies and its post-colonial legacies / Felix Brahm -- From the village to the world: subaltern studies as critical historicism / Christopher J. Lee -- The invention of the Third World and the geopolitics of dependence and development / Hubertus Büsch -- Decolonization and Cold War geographies: remapping the post-colonial world / Christopher J. Lee -- Continents and civilizations / Gilad Ben-Nun -- Languages and spaces: la francophonie, lusofonia, and hispanidad / Jürgen Erfurt -- Historical mesoregions and transregionalism / Stefan Troebst -- Borderlands: temporality, space, and scale / Paul Nugent -- Global cities / Ursula Rao -- Special economic zones and transregional state spatiality / Megan Maruschke -- Transregional trade infrastructures in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries / Uwe Müller -- Conceptualizing the world economy: the world market / Gordon Winder -- Great divergence: addressing global inequalities / Philipp Rössner -- Property demythologized: historical transformations and spatial hierarchies of land regimes / Hanne -- The role of infrastructure in transregional ventures / Roland Wenzlhuemer -- Supply chain capitalism and the technologies of global territory / Julian Stenmanns and Marc Boeckl -- Power without borders: transnational corporations in the global food system / Doris Fuchs and Tobia -- Contested extractivism: actors and strategies in conflicts over mining / Kristina Dietz and Bettina -- Transregional protest against preferential trade agreements / Cornelia Reiher -- Peace and security / Ulf Engel -- Trade transregionalism / Theodore H. Cohn -- Internet governance / Jan Art Scholte -- Transregional aspects of international financial regulation / Fabian Scholtes -- Global health: a concept in search of its meaning between northern dominance and egalitarianism / Iris Borowy -- Truth commissions and the International Criminal Court / Helena Flam and Katarina Ristic -- Transregional dynamics and cultures of international organizations / Bob Reinalda -- Transregional trends in international organizations in the field of climate and energy / Markus Led -- Historical perspectives on migration / Dirk Hoerder -- Forced mobilities: slave trade and indentured migration / Michael Zeuske -- Refugees and human displacement / Gilad Ben-Nun -- Analytical concepts in migration studies: exile, diaspora, and transmigration / Jenny Kuhlmann -- Responsibility-shifting and the global refugee regime / Adèle Garnier -- Transregionality of African entrepreneurs / Laurence Marfaing -- Migration's lines of flight: borders as spaces of contestation / Sabine Hess and Serhat Karakayali -- The "trans" in the study of religion: power and mobility in a multiscalar perspective / Manuel Vásq -- Religious NGOs: the new face of religion in civil society / Anne Stensvold -- Mission / Claudia Jahnel -- Migration, diaspora, and religion / Martin Baumann -- Global religious organizations / Adrian Herrmann -- Religion: globalization and glocalization / Ugo Dessì -- Global theatre history / Nic Leonhardt -- Cultural brokers and mediators / Antje Dietze -- Music and revolt: a breakneck ride through the transregional production and significance of jazz and rock / Michael G. Esch -- World literature and post-colonialism / David Simo -- Language policy in transregional contacts / Klaus Bochmann -- Intellectual property rights / Hannes Siegrist -- Universities as portals of globalization / Claudia Baumann -- Opening up transregional analysis in the Basel Mission Archive / Paul Jenkins -- Developmental economics as transregional studies / Ute Rietdorf -- Early warning and conflict prevention / Ulf Engel -- Knowledge diplomacy in climate politics: bridging global policy gaps through a transregional lens / Ariel Macaspac Hernández -- Influencing the other: transnational actors and knowledge transfer in education / Marcelo Parreira -- Transnational knowledge networks / Basak Bilecen -- Global studies and transregional studies: collaborators not competitors / Manfred B. Steger -- Economic zones in a global(ized?) economy / Salvatore Babones -- Global regions in the critical geography of globalization / John Agnew -- Post-colonial studies: on scapes and spaces / Jini Kim Watson -- The BRICS / Ulf Engel -- Global challenges / Ulf Engel -- Narratives about globalization: international studies and global studies / Matthias Middell.

The Senate passed a bill Thursday that would dramatically expand a compensation program for Americans affected by U.S. nuclear weapons testing and uranium mining.
"It is time to rebuild these communities," argued Sen. Josh Hawley (R-Mo.), a sponsor of the bill, prior to the vote. "This isn't about some kind of welfare program. This is about doing basic justice by the working people of this nation, whom their own government has poisoned."
The bipartisan, 69-30 vote marks the second time in the past year that the Senate has approved an expansion to the Radiation Exposure Compensation Act (RECA), which gives money and medical benefits to uranium miners and people who lived downwind of the Nevada Test Site, where the U.S. military carried out most of its nuclear testing in the 1950s and 60s.
The first RECA vote came last July, when 62 senators approved an amendment to the annual defense policy bill that expanded RECA coverage. Despite intensive lobbying from Hawley and Sen. Ben Ray Lujan (D-N.M.), congressional leadership stripped the measure from the final version of the bill following a Congressional Budget Office finding that the expansion would cost as much as $150 billion over 10 years.
The latest RECA expansion bill cut some of the benefits included in the amendment and managed to bring the price tag down to about $5 billion per year. These changes should make the proposal more likely to pass the House, where some Republicans have expressed concern about the potential costs of the expansion.
Hawley dismissed worries about the bill's price tag, saying last week that he told Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-Ky.) that "I didn't hear a lot of grousing about the cost when we were voting on Ukraine funding or anything else for that matter."
It is unclear how many Americans will be eligible for compensation if the expansion gets through the House. In New Mexico, where the first ever nuclear test took place, some victims have had more than 20 family members get radiation-related cancers. One activist told RS last year that she lost seven family members to diseases she believes are linked to nuclear testing.
President Joe Biden declared his support for the bill Wednesday. "The President believes we have a solemn obligation to address toxic exposure, especially among those who have been placed in harm's way by the government's actions," according to a White House statement.
The bill would expand eligibility for "downwinders" — those who lived downwind of U.S. nuclear tests — to include victims in Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Guam, and Colorado. It would also extend RECA to cover all of Nevada, Utah, and Arizona, as well as people living near nuclear waste sites in Missouri, Tennessee, Kentucky, and Alaska.
The vote came 11 years to the day after Tina Cordova, a leading activist of RECA expansion and a cancer survivor, lost her father to a cancer that she believes was caused by the "Trinity Test" — the first ever nuclear explosion, recently depicted in the blockbuster film Oppenheimer.
"The cancer metastasized to his neck and throat before becoming inoperable and consuming his body," said Sen. Lujan of New Mexico during the debate prior to today's vote. Cordova "made it her life's mission to fight for justice [and] compensation for her family and the thousands of victims of our nation's nuclear weapons program," the lawmaker added.
Cordova, who will be Lujan's guest at Thursday's State of the Union address, told RS in December that the decision to strip RECA expansion from last year's defense policy bill was "shockingly immoral.""Today, the Senate took another step forward in the long journey to delivering justice to Americans suffering from radiation exposure," Lujan said in a statement after the vote. "Let's be clear: the fight is not over. I urge the House to pass RECA without delay and get help to families who are deeply suffering."

Purpose
This study aims to develop the first Theory of Technological Response and Progress in Chaos (TRPC) and examine the case of technological development during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research objectives of this study were to: identify the key technologies that act as a response mechanism during the chaos event, specifically in the case of COVID-19; examine how technologies evolve, develop and diffuse in an immediate crisis and a chaotic environment; theorise various types and periods of technological response and progress during the emergence of chaos and the stages that unfold; and develop policy-oriented recommendations and establish technological foundations to address subsequent chaos events.


Design/methodology/approach
This study used the grounded theory as a methodology with a mixed-method approach that included quantitative and qualitative methods. The authors used the quantitative method to assist with the qualitative step to build the TRPC theory. Accordingly, this study integrated machine learning and text mining approaches to the qualitative data analysis following the steps of the grounded theory approach.


Findings
As a result of the TRPC theory development process, the authors identified three types of technologies (survival, essential and enhancement technologies) and five types of periods (stable, initial, survival-dominant, essential-dominant and enhancement-dominant periods) that are specific to chaos-technology interactions. The policy implications of this study demonstrate that a required technological base and know-how must be established before a chaotic event emerges.


Research limitations/implications
Concerning the limitations of this study, social media data has advantages over other data sources, such as the examination of dynamic areas and analyses of immediate responses to chaos. However, other researchers can examine publications and patent sources to augment the findings concerning scientific approaches and new inventions in relation to COVID-19 and other chaos-specific developments. The authors developed the TRPC theory by studying the COVID-19 pandemic, however, other researchers can utilise it to study other chaos-related conditions, such as chaotic events that are caused by natural disasters. Other scholars can investigate the technological response and progress pattern in other rapidly emerging chaotic events of an uncertain and complex nature to augment these findings.


Practical implications
Following the indications of the OECD (2021a) and considering the study conducted by the European Parliamentary Research Service (Kritikos, 2020), the authors identified the key technologies that are significant for chaos and COVID-19 response using machine learning and text intelligence approach. Accordingly, the authors mapped all technological developments using clustering approaches, and examined the technological progress within the immediate chaos period using social media data.


Social implications
The key policy implication of this study concerns the need for policymakers to develop policies that will help to establish the required technological base and know-how before chaos emerges. As a result, a rapid response can be implemented to mitigate the chaos and transform it into a competitive advantage. The authors also revealed that this recommendation overlaps with the model of dynamic capabilities in the literature (Teece and Pisano, 2003). Furthermore, this study recommends that nations and organisations establish a technological base that specifically includes technologies that bear 3A characteristics. These are the most crucial technologies for the survival- and essential-dominant stages. Moreover, the results of this study demonstrate that chaos accelerates technological progress through the rapid adoption and diffusion of technologies into different fields. Hence, nations and organisations should regard this rapid progress as an opportunity and establish the prior knowledge base and technologies before chaos emerges.


Originality/value
The authors have contributed to the chaos studies and the relationship between chaos and technological development by establishing the first theoretical foundation using the grounded theory approach, hereafter referred to as the TRPC theory. As part of the TRPC theory, the authors present three periods of technological response in the following sequence: survival technology, essential technology and enhancement technology. Moreover, this study illustrates the evolving technological importance and priorities as the periods of technological progress proceed under rapidly developing chaos.

The concept of the blue economy is a part of a new wave of economic thought that emphasizes the sustainable use of natural resources in the world?s oceans, seas and coastal areas. The blue economy, which is dominated by the principle of sustainability, is directly contrasted with the development of another cycle of linear exploitation of limited planetary resources. In contrast, a sustainable blue economy envisages economic activities such as greening shipping, coastal renewable energy, carbon sequestration, eco-tourism, genetic marine resources, sustainable aquaculture and the development of new seafood as new trends in the decades ahead. The paper analyzes the key postulates of the blue economy concept, as well as European experiences and challenges in this field, using the methods of theoretical analysis. Based on the empirical findings of the paper, the general conclusion is that the oceans, coastal areas and marine activities will play a crucial role for the economic and environmental future of the European Union and its citizens. The European blue economy can and must be a central and solid pillar that contributes to the general resilience of society itself. Overall, the European Union has recognized the importance of the blue economy in generating new jobs and achieving prosperity and security, but its potential has yet to be unlocked. What is important is that the affirmation of the concept of the blue economy takes place in the spirit of the fundamental principles of the 2020 strategy, according to which growth must be smart (with respect to integration of cutting edge science-based, innovative solutions and industrial leadership), sustainable (in economic, social and ecological terms tackling societal challenges) and inclusive (considering the multitude of coastal, marine and maritime activities and trade-offs between them). The general lesson is that the European institutions responsible for ocean health and safety must seriously consider an appropriate framework that allows the blue economy to thrive while maintaining high standards of sustainable development in line with the EU?s vision for a carbon-free society. When it comes to the European Union (and its members), the development of the sustainable and fair blue economy in the coming period should take place in accordance with the principles of the European Green Agreement, as a long-term strategy for sustainable growth, which will require: transformation of value chains of the blue economy in terms of moving away from linear business models to circular ones, with less resource consumption and waste; introduction of stricter measures against marine pollution, coastal waste and plastics; fossil fuel replacement; investing in biodiversity conservation; restoration and protection of ecosystems; promoting nature-based solutions and options and incubating marine renewable energy and innovative blue biotechnology. At the same time, all blue economy sectors have to reduce their climate and environmental impact and contribute to the recovery of marine ecosystems. In achieving overarching goals such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions, increasing resource efficiency and reducing overall environmental impact, the EU should focus on five promising and innovative sectors, namely: blue energy, aquaculture, coastal and maritime 256 tourism, blue biotechnology and seabed mining. To address the previous challenges, special emphasis should be placed on the need for multisectoral, inclusive, transparent and holistic governance (public-private dialogue) to integrate the sustainable use of human resources with environmental protection and social justice. Improving governance processes should primarily be based on: 1. Citizen engagement and ocean literacy, namely, the involvement and empowerment of local communities and 2. ?ffirmation of maritime spatial planning, with the following advantages: protect the environment through early identification of impact and opportunities for multiple use of space; encourage investment by creating predictability, transparency and clearer rules; increase cross-border cooperation between EU countries to develop energy grids, shipping lanes, pipelines, submarine cables and other activities, but also to develop coherent networks of protected areas; and reduce conflicts between sectors and create synergies between different activities.

[Abstract] Context. The Gaia Early Data Release 3 (EDR3), published in December 2020, features improved photometry and astrometry compared to that published in the previous DR2 file and includes a substantially larger number of sources, of the order of 2000 million, making it a paradigm of big data astronomy. Many of the central stars of planetary nebulae (CSPNe) are inherently faint and difficult to identify within the field of the nebula itself. Gaia measurements may be relevant not only in identifying the ionising source of each nebula, but also in the study their physical and evolutionary properties. Aims. We demonstrate how Gaia data mining can effectively help to solve the issue of central star misidentification, a problem that has plagued the field since its origin. As we did for DR2, our objective is to present a catalogue of CSPNe with astrometric and photometric information in EDR3. From that catalogue, we selected a sample of stars with high-quality astrometric parameters, on which we carried out a more accurate analysis of CSPNe properties. Methods.GaiaGBP − GRP colours allow us to select the sources with sufficient temperatures to ionise the nebula. In order to estimate the real colour of a source, it is important to take into account interstellar extinction and, in the case of compact nebulae, nebular extinction when available. In addition, distances derived from EDR3 parallaxes (combined with consistent literature values) can be used to obtain nebular intrinsic properties from those observed. With this information, CSPNe can be plotted in an Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. From information on the spectral classification of the CS (from the literature) and evolutionary models for post-AGB stars, their evolutionary state can then be analysed. Furthermore, EDR3 high-quality astrometric data enable us to search for objects comoving with CSs in the field of each nebula by detecting sources with parallaxes and proper motions similar to those of the CS. Results. We present a catalogue of 2035 PNe with their corresponding CS identification from among Gaia EDR3 sources. We obtain the distances for those with known parallaxes in EDR3 (1725 PNe). In addition, for a sub-sample (405 PNe) with the most accurate distances, we obtain different nebular properties such as their Galactic distribution, radius, kinematic age, and morphology. Furthermore, for a set of 74 CSPNe, we present the evolutionary state (mass and age) derived from their luminosities and effective temperatures from evolutionary models. Finally, we highlight the detection of several wide binary CSPNe through an analysis of the EDR3 astrometric parameters, and we contribute to shedding some light on the relevance of close binarity in CSPNe. ; This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) Gaia mission and processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. This research has made use of the Simbad database and the Aladin sky atlas, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France. The authors have also made use of the VOSA tool, developed under the Spanish Virtual Observatory project supported by the Spanish MINECO through grant AYA2017-84089, and partially updated thanks to the EU Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme, under grant 776403 (EXOPLANETS-A). Funding from Spanish Ministry project RTI2018-095076-B-C22, Xunta de Galicia ED431B 2021/36, PDC2021-121059-C22, and AYA-2017-88254-P is acknowledged by the authors. We also acknowledge support from CIGUS-CITIC, funded by Xunta de Galicia and the European Union (FEDER Galicia 2014-2020 Program) through grant ED431G 2019/01. IGS acknowledges financial support from the Spanish National Programme for the Promotion of Talent and its Employability grant BES-2017-083126 cofunded by the European Social Fund ; Xunta de Galicia; ED431B 2021/36 ; Xunta de Galicia; ED431G 2019/01