Suchergebnisse

Standing a long history in Hong Kong, the street market is not only an important historical and cultural symbol but also key social space to the community. The storekeepers usually expand their goods on the street. The street space creates more chance of communication for both storekeepers and consumers. The business is not just commercial, but social. Buyers and sellers are friends, or even neighbors. Activating the street space and closing the interpersonal relationship, street market has become an important part of the community. With the process of urbanization, demand of development and changing of lifestyle, certainly, the influence of politics and economic, Hong Kong government once privatized some street markets, means moving it into specific building or even displace it by indoor market. Many street markets, with long history, have been vanishing away, such as Graham Street Market. However, the street markets, in some areas like Sham Shui Po, Mong Kok and Shau Kei Wan, which is in the process of transition from the old to the new, are still active and booming. Today, street market faces its challenge its audience decreases. "In less than twenty decades, life in Hong Kong has changed so drastically that the conditions of the current generation are no longer comparable with the generations before them. Generations of the 21st century purchase their necessities from corporately owned supermarkets. Their social exchange occurs in front of the computer screen via the vast space of internet. Since participants' engagements are the vehicles of the street market's essence. Without engagement exchange, the street market will only wilt with time." It seem like the street market does not meet the modern life and will eventually be replaced. Unexpectedly, some street markets are still activated and dynamic. This thesis will set scope of study on wet market in Hong Kong Island where is the starting point of the street market, focus on the physical nature of street market, make a conclusion on the code of its surviving. Furthermore, provide a strategy to reactivate the vanishing market and plan the future development and promotion. ; published_or_final_version ; Architecture ; Master ; Master of Landscape Architecture

The Making and Unmaking of Southeast San Francisco This project historicizes the recent convergence of private and public development interests in Southeast San Francisco, a place that was once dismissed as too risky for investment. Emphasizing the importance of race and gender in this history, I ask how an unexpected story of urban change shifts our sense of possibility for San Francisco and, more broadly, for the future of the American city.Historically, the Southeast was the place where San Francisco cloistered industries and people that were unwelcome by the mainstream. After years of industrial concentration, the area became home to a naval shipyard that played a central role in World War II, and that drew in thousands of African American families to live and work. The residential character of today's Southeast was further shaped by waves of urban renewal in the 1950s and 60s and by the activism of African American women in the 1970s. Development plans that emerged in the late 1990s revealed that the poor, industrially polluted, and violence-ridden Southeast would be pivotal in formulating San Francisco's 21st Century growth patterns. Today, the city is moving forward with a massive redevelopment plan for the Southeast under a partnership between the Redevelopment Agency and the Lennar Corporation, one of America's largest private homebuilders and a key player in the mortgage crisis. Lennar's Southeast is a largely poor yet racially diverse place, with a recent influx of Chinese-American and Latino families. Nested amid San Francisco's extreme real estate-driven wealth, the Southeast has a long history of alliances defined by political patronage.In sum, through three case studies that reveal interlinked histories, this dissertation unpacks the ways that the politics of urban development and racial exclusion shape places, even in apparently progressive regions like the San Francisco Bay Area. This work extends and contributes to conversations about the role of government in urban growth, the co-production of urban space and racial hierarchies, and the ways that race-class politics are shifting in the newly multi-ethnic context of the American city.

In the 14th century Peter I and Peter III reigned over Castille and Aragon. They have gone down in history as the cruel one (Peter I) and the ceremonious one (Peter III). These nicknames are due to the Chronicles, written about these two kings; Pero Lopez de Ayala's work about Peter I and the other written by Peter III, helped by other writers. These works are therefore political acts- the one, written in Catalan- aiming to justify the Sovereign's actions- whereas on the contrary, the other, the Castillian Chronicle, intended to criticize them.These works are therefore vital as it is through these that the reader can form his own judgement of people and events. However, before attaining this aim, a study of the actual act of writing must be carried out. People should question its final form, reflect upon its reach and indicate what it should offer. The stakes are high as it is a question of defining the meaning of the expression writing history, at the end of these Middle Ages. ; Au XIVème siècle, en Castille et en Aragon, règnent Pierre Ier et Pierre III, que l'Histoire connaît, respectivement, sous les noms de cruel et de cérémonieux. Ces surnoms sont dus aux Chroniques des deux rois : celle de Pero López de Ayala pour le règne de Pierre Ier et celle de Pierre III, aidé par d'autres intervenants, pour le sien. Les oeuvres sont donc des actes politiques, la première visant à blâmer l'action du souverain et la deuxième, à l'inverse, à la justifier. L'écrit revêt ainsi une importance capitale car c'est à travers lui que le lecteur- médiéval ou non- peut juger les événements et les personnes. Cependant, avant d'atteindre ce but, un travail sur l'activité même d'écriture doit être effectué. Il convient de s'interroger sur sa finalité, de réfléchir sur sa portée et d'indiquer ce à quoi elle doit tendre. L'enjeu est de taille car il consiste à définir ce que signifie l'expression " écrire l'Histoire ", en cette fin du Moyen Age.

In the 14th century Peter I and Peter III reigned over Castille and Aragon. They have gone down in history as the cruel one (Peter I) and the ceremonious one (Peter III). These nicknames are due to the Chronicles, written about these two kings; Pero Lopez de Ayala's work about Peter I and the other written by Peter III, helped by other writers. These works are therefore political acts- the one, written in Catalan- aiming to justify the Sovereign's actions- whereas on the contrary, the other, the Castillian Chronicle, intended to criticize them.These works are therefore vital as it is through these that the reader can form his own judgement of people and events. However, before attaining this aim, a study of the actual act of writing must be carried out. People should question its final form, reflect upon its reach and indicate what it should offer. The stakes are high as it is a question of defining the meaning of the expression writing history, at the end of these Middle Ages. ; Au XIVème siècle, en Castille et en Aragon, règnent Pierre Ier et Pierre III, que l'Histoire connaît, respectivement, sous les noms de cruel et de cérémonieux. Ces surnoms sont dus aux Chroniques des deux rois : celle de Pero López de Ayala pour le règne de Pierre Ier et celle de Pierre III, aidé par d'autres intervenants, pour le sien. Les oeuvres sont donc des actes politiques, la première visant à blâmer l'action du souverain et la deuxième, à l'inverse, à la justifier. L'écrit revêt ainsi une importance capitale car c'est à travers lui que le lecteur- médiéval ou non- peut juger les événements et les personnes. Cependant, avant d'atteindre ce but, un travail sur l'activité même d'écriture doit être effectué. Il convient de s'interroger sur sa finalité, de réfléchir sur sa portée et d'indiquer ce à quoi elle doit tendre. L'enjeu est de taille car il consiste à définir ce que signifie l'expression " écrire l'Histoire ", en cette fin du Moyen Age.

In the 14th century Peter I and Peter III reigned over Castille and Aragon. They have gone down in history as the cruel one (Peter I) and the ceremonious one (Peter III). These nicknames are due to the Chronicles, written about these two kings; Pero Lopez de Ayala's work about Peter I and the other written by Peter III, helped by other writers. These works are therefore political acts- the one, written in Catalan- aiming to justify the Sovereign's actions- whereas on the contrary, the other, the Castillian Chronicle, intended to criticize them.These works are therefore vital as it is through these that the reader can form his own judgement of people and events. However, before attaining this aim, a study of the actual act of writing must be carried out. People should question its final form, reflect upon its reach and indicate what it should offer. The stakes are high as it is a question of defining the meaning of the expression writing history, at the end of these Middle Ages. ; Au XIVème siècle, en Castille et en Aragon, règnent Pierre Ier et Pierre III, que l'Histoire connaît, respectivement, sous les noms de cruel et de cérémonieux. Ces surnoms sont dus aux Chroniques des deux rois : celle de Pero López de Ayala pour le règne de Pierre Ier et celle de Pierre III, aidé par d'autres intervenants, pour le sien. Les oeuvres sont donc des actes politiques, la première visant à blâmer l'action du souverain et la deuxième, à l'inverse, à la justifier. L'écrit revêt ainsi une importance capitale car c'est à travers lui que le lecteur- médiéval ou non- peut juger les événements et les personnes. Cependant, avant d'atteindre ce but, un travail sur l'activité même d'écriture doit être effectué. Il convient de s'interroger sur sa finalité, de réfléchir sur sa portée et d'indiquer ce à quoi elle doit tendre. L'enjeu est de taille car il consiste à définir ce que signifie l'expression " écrire l'Histoire ", en cette fin du Moyen Age.

In the 14th century Peter I and Peter III reigned over Castille and Aragon. They have gone down in history as the cruel one (Peter I) and the ceremonious one (Peter III). These nicknames are due to the Chronicles, written about these two kings; Pero Lopez de Ayala's work about Peter I and the other written by Peter III, helped by other writers. These works are therefore political acts- the one, written in Catalan- aiming to justify the Sovereign's actions- whereas on the contrary, the other, the Castillian Chronicle, intended to criticize them.These works are therefore vital as it is through these that the reader can form his own judgement of people and events. However, before attaining this aim, a study of the actual act of writing must be carried out. People should question its final form, reflect upon its reach and indicate what it should offer. The stakes are high as it is a question of defining the meaning of the expression writing history, at the end of these Middle Ages. ; Au XIVème siècle, en Castille et en Aragon, règnent Pierre Ier et Pierre III, que l'Histoire connaît, respectivement, sous les noms de cruel et de cérémonieux. Ces surnoms sont dus aux Chroniques des deux rois : celle de Pero López de Ayala pour le règne de Pierre Ier et celle de Pierre III, aidé par d'autres intervenants, pour le sien. Les oeuvres sont donc des actes politiques, la première visant à blâmer l'action du souverain et la deuxième, à l'inverse, à la justifier. L'écrit revêt ainsi une importance capitale car c'est à travers lui que le lecteur- médiéval ou non- peut juger les événements et les personnes. Cependant, avant d'atteindre ce but, un travail sur l'activité même d'écriture doit être effectué. Il convient de s'interroger sur sa finalité, de réfléchir sur sa portée et d'indiquer ce à quoi elle doit tendre. L'enjeu est de taille car il consiste à définir ce que signifie l'expression " écrire l'Histoire ", en cette fin du Moyen Age.

In the 14th century Peter I and Peter III reigned over Castille and Aragon. They have gone down in history as the cruel one (Peter I) and the ceremonious one (Peter III). These nicknames are due to the Chronicles, written about these two kings; Pero Lopez de Ayala's work about Peter I and the other written by Peter III, helped by other writers. These works are therefore political acts- the one, written in Catalan- aiming to justify the Sovereign's actions- whereas on the contrary, the other, the Castillian Chronicle, intended to criticize them.These works are therefore vital as it is through these that the reader can form his own judgement of people and events. However, before attaining this aim, a study of the actual act of writing must be carried out. People should question its final form, reflect upon its reach and indicate what it should offer. The stakes are high as it is a question of defining the meaning of the expression writing history, at the end of these Middle Ages. ; Au XIVème siècle, en Castille et en Aragon, règnent Pierre Ier et Pierre III, que l'Histoire connaît, respectivement, sous les noms de cruel et de cérémonieux. Ces surnoms sont dus aux Chroniques des deux rois : celle de Pero López de Ayala pour le règne de Pierre Ier et celle de Pierre III, aidé par d'autres intervenants, pour le sien. Les oeuvres sont donc des actes politiques, la première visant à blâmer l'action du souverain et la deuxième, à l'inverse, à la justifier. L'écrit revêt ainsi une importance capitale car c'est à travers lui que le lecteur- médiéval ou non- peut juger les événements et les personnes. Cependant, avant d'atteindre ce but, un travail sur l'activité même d'écriture doit être effectué. Il convient de s'interroger sur sa finalité, de réfléchir sur sa portée et d'indiquer ce à quoi elle doit tendre. L'enjeu est de taille car il consiste à définir ce que signifie l'expression " écrire l'Histoire ", en cette fin du Moyen Age.

In the 14th century Peter I and Peter III reigned over Castille and Aragon. They have gone down in history as the cruel one (Peter I) and the ceremonious one (Peter III). These nicknames are due to the Chronicles, written about these two kings; Pero Lopez de Ayala's work about Peter I and the other written by Peter III, helped by other writers. These works are therefore political acts- the one, written in Catalan- aiming to justify the Sovereign's actions- whereas on the contrary, the other, the Castillian Chronicle, intended to criticize them.These works are therefore vital as it is through these that the reader can form his own judgement of people and events. However, before attaining this aim, a study of the actual act of writing must be carried out. People should question its final form, reflect upon its reach and indicate what it should offer. The stakes are high as it is a question of defining the meaning of the expression writing history, at the end of these Middle Ages. ; Au XIVème siècle, en Castille et en Aragon, règnent Pierre Ier et Pierre III, que l'Histoire connaît, respectivement, sous les noms de cruel et de cérémonieux. Ces surnoms sont dus aux Chroniques des deux rois : celle de Pero López de Ayala pour le règne de Pierre Ier et celle de Pierre III, aidé par d'autres intervenants, pour le sien. Les oeuvres sont donc des actes politiques, la première visant à blâmer l'action du souverain et la deuxième, à l'inverse, à la justifier. L'écrit revêt ainsi une importance capitale car c'est à travers lui que le lecteur- médiéval ou non- peut juger les événements et les personnes. Cependant, avant d'atteindre ce but, un travail sur l'activité même d'écriture doit être effectué. Il convient de s'interroger sur sa finalité, de réfléchir sur sa portée et d'indiquer ce à quoi elle doit tendre. L'enjeu est de taille car il consiste à définir ce que signifie l'expression " écrire l'Histoire ", en cette fin du Moyen Age.

Povijest nastanka i djelovanja građanskih udruga u Lici može se pratiti još od 1835. godine kada je osnovana Narodna čitaonica u Senju. Ipak, tek su krajem 19. stoljeća stvoreni svi preduvjeti za brojnije osnivanje svih vrsta građanskih udruga u Lici te je od tada njihov broj u stalnom povećanju. Iako je nesumnjivo da su razne vrste udruga u Lici svojim djelovanjem pozitivno djelovale na ličko društvo, taj fenomen društvene mikro-povijesti nije bio predmet sveobuhvatnog proučavanja. Ovaj doktorski rad kronološki prati stvaranje prvih građanskih udruga (društava, zaklada, štedionica, klubova i podružnica) u Lici u vrijeme Vojne krajine, njihovo naglo povećanje u vrijeme Ličko-krbavske županije i promjene koje su ih zahvatile u vrijeme Kraljevine Jugoslavije te završava početkom Drugoga svjetskog rata kada su građanske udruge u Lici naglo nestale s povijesne pozornice. U radu je prikazano političko, gospodarsko i kulturno stanje u Lici koje je uvelike utjecalo na brzinu i kvalitetu nastanka novih udruga. Također su obrađene i građanske udruge izvan prostora Like jer je njihova kulturna i ekonomska interakcija bila važan element u razvoju ove regije. Stoga je cilj ovog doktorskog rada po prvi put u našoj historiografiji dati, ne samo sumarni prikaz građanskih udruga, već i razloge, uzroke te posljedice njihovog postojanja na prostoru Like i Senja, a sve u svrhu boljega razumijevanja kompleksnih i nedovoljno razjašnjenih povijesnih procesa u hrvatskoj povijesnoj regiji Lici. ; The beginings of organizations set up in Lika region reaches far into the past, in the time of medieval brotherhoods; however, the first civil organizations in Lika did not arise until the Military Border systems have been abolished and until the break through of the modernization processes that originated in the Civic Croatia. The city of Senj had partially different but also earlier organizations' development. The first known civic organization on the area that has been the subject of this doctoral dissertation was The National Library in the city of Senj, founded in 1835. Withal, this civil organization is the first one in Croatia. In Lika region, the first civil organizations were not founded until the abrogation of the Military Border which, at the same time, has been the starting point for the progression of one of the most important forms of modernization. In the first part of this scientific work, social stratification and differentiation in the everyday life of Lika's residents has been depicted, whereas the usage of an argumented research approach has served to explain complex political, military, economic and other mutual influences between Lika's peasants-soldiers and the authorities that have dominated during that time. Multiple conflicts, unsafe and economically marginalized area, unsettled property laws and so called 'cooperative phenomena' are just a part of the numerous reasons why Lika region has entered Croatian and Habsbourg Monarchy's cultural and social processes relatively late. An emphasis is on the development of education, literacy and culture as basic determinants of future development of the civil organizations. Second major group of the research questions deals with an emersion of the organizations on the Croatian and European area, as a result of new global political processes. This part of the disertation tries to answer the question 'which were the reasons for the organizations' establishment in the first place', so as 'to what extent the organizations have influenced the residents of Wienna, Zagreb and other cities of the Habsbourg Monarchy'? Special emphasis is put on the law regulations, that is, so called 'Imperial Decree' which has helped the organizations to establish and work. Also, this group of the research questions discusses the inherited differences that existed in an administration, mentality and the development itself between the former Military Border and the Civic Croatia. Comparative research has provided an evidence that the development of a new district – Lika-Krbava county – when compared to the other districts, has been minor. Also, the questions that have been the matter of this scientific work were 'which kind of the organizations were there in the first place, 'what is the nature of the organizations' and 'which is the real level on which these organizations have fulfilled their purposes and goals'. This kind of analysis is very important in order to understand Lika's history from the beginning of the 20th century; in this period economic and cultural life of the Lika's residents is highly inflenced by a new regime of the Kingdom of SHS and, later on, the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. This group of questions especially makes an exception of the city of Senj, as a kind of border exception, but also explains which political and economic circumstances and perplexities resulted in prosperity and stagnation of the city beneath the Nehaj Fortress. The third group of the research questions, using the archive sources of the civil organizations' rules, gives an overview of more than one hundred and fifty civil organizations according to the territorial regions (districts) that existed during the Lika-Krbava county and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. This section reveals the purposes, goals and the activities of administrative councils and assemblies of all major civic organizations (associations, clubs, affiliates, commities, foundations) found in the districts that existed during that time – Brinje, Donji Lapac, Gračac, Gospić, Korenica, Otočac, Perušić, Udbina and the cities Senj and Karlobag. In spite of major illiteracy, political and national antagonism and the fact that Lika was at the periphery in the Austrian-Hungarian Monarchy, until the beginning of the World War I, a great number of the organizations has been established in Lika region. When talking about this in the first place, we must mention some proffesional societies, libraries, 'falcon' organizations, music organizations and economic organizations, although there were also some historical occurences such as the first theatrical group in Otočac, or one of the oldest tennis clubs in Croatia, the one in Gospić. Thereby, in the second half of the 19th and the first half of the 20th century, Lika is the region of the numerous changes, but even more is the region of the extreme contradictions. In the same (research) way, the attention has been dedicated to history of Lika's organizations outside Lika's area. Throughout this group of questions not all civic organizations outside Lika have been elaborated, only those whose members actively participated in the development of the possibilities for the future economic prosperity of Lika region. Therefore, this part of the paper tries to show the connection between Lika region and the other parts of the countries that existed during that time, where the descendants of Lika's residents have lived. This scientific work tries to answer the questions of the real connection of Lika's people outside Lika with the real problems which were perceived by them in a different way than by those who remained living in the homeland. The Society of Lika's people in Zagreb was Lika's major emigrant organization which intensively helped its agile members and offered a solution for a hard life in Lika region. The Society for the preservation of the Plitvice Lakes was one of the best known organizations in Croatia, however, its class and narcissistic behaviour could not have been accepted by most of Lika's residents. In spite of individual interests of a great number of members of Lika's civic organizations, what does remain is a constatation that the organizations, especially those whose members were peasants, have obtained a huge success when it comes to development of cooperatives, crafts, agriculture, but also education and culture. Also, what is notecable is the fact that efficiency of the numerous affiliates of federate economic organizations has increased, what leads to the conclusion that the overall progress in Lika was connected with the political and economic centres outside Lika. A key influence onto the organizations' development in Lika was the one by certain individuals such as Buda Budisavljević, Ivan Devčić, Dragutin Trstenjak, Ante Cividini, Ivan Krajač, Ivan Gojtan, Ante Lončarić, so as many other culturaly and publicly known people. In that way, this doctoral thesis has scientificaly confirmed an actual similarity of the associations and organizations in Lika with those in the rest of Croatia, but also that these similarities were, in fact, quite limited. Civic organizations are an important factor in every community, so as, of course, for Lika's identity which is historically saturated in turbulent ways. This work tries to make a contribution not just to better understanding of the civic organizations in Lika, but to contribute to understand the overall environment, that is, the atmosphere in Lika region. This gives new knowledge regarding micro-historical elements of one culture that has been a carrier of social, cultural, political and economic development of the region between the Kapela mountains in the north and South Velebit and the river Zrmanja stream in the south. This doctoral thesis is the first scientific contribution to better understanding of the civic organizations and their importance in the region under consideration. Although this thesis, through the depiction of work of the civic organizations in Lika, has tried to give an answer regarding broader social, political, economic, cultural and religious life of Lika and Senj's residents in the period of turbulent and modernisation processes, some questions remain only partially answerable. If we take into consideration the broadness, possibilities and influence of the organizations, this observation is logical, too. Also, here we can talk about a vast area which makes a closed whole only in certain segments. That is the reason why this overview of the work of the civic organizations in Lika asks for further research attention, especially when it comes to the analysis of economic changes which have occurred in Lika during the second part of the 19th and the first part of the 20th century. In order to accomplish this, besides the archival research, a potential researcher must pay attention to the statistical analysis. Moreover, this scientific work gives just a model of how to evaluate certain types of the civic organizations and how to compare them with the organizations similar to them. Although this doctoral thesis had to be done within a canonical time frame, it will be praiseworthy if we compare the civic organizations in Lika which exist today to those which have existed during the period of Austrian-Hungarian Monarchy and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. Of course, this kind of research calls for plenty of time, as well as considerable material assets, hence it can be done sometime in the future. Despite the fact that the tragic events during the World War II lead to the abolition of the civic organizations outside Lika region, the constitution of the Republic of Croatia has created the conditions for the reestablishment of the organizations. Nowadays, more than twenty organizations outside Lika work very actively and responsibly in order to interconnect Lika's emigrants and their descendants with their homeland, from where their ancestors arrived more than one hundred and fifty years ago.

1. Introduction; Eleonora Belfiore and Lisanne Gibson -- 2. Towards a History of the Everyday; Andrew Miles -- 3. From 'access' to 'well-being': policy discourse and 'buzzwords of participation'; Eleonora Belfiore -- 4. Cultural value, citizenship and the creative economy; Justin O'Connor -- 5. History of Community Arts and Governance; Jane Milling -- 6. The Well-being – Culture relationship: a happy marriage of convenience?; Susan Oman -- 7. Culture and Economy: Governing Place Through Culture; Lisanne Gibson -- 8. Governing Leisure and Heritage?; Mark O'Neill -- 9. Calling participation to account: a recent history of cultural indicators; Catherine Bunting, Abigail Gilmore, Andrew Miles -- 10. Understanding the long history of the creative economy: commerce and the arts in the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society, 1781 to the present; Felicity James -- 11. Manaton and East Dartmoor Community Theatre and Dartmoor Wild Swimming: performing place and community in rural England; Kerrie Schaefer -- 12. The history of public parks as cultural policies for everyday participation; Abigail Gilmore and Patrick Doyle -- 13. How has Barnsley's cultural ecology been shaped?; Sarah Hughes -- .

"Global Networks and New Histories Rice today is food to half the world's population. Its history is inextricably entangled with the emergence of colonialism, the global networks of industrial capitalism, and the modern world economy. The history of rice is currently a vital and innovative field of research attracting serious attention, but no attempt has yet been made to write a history of rice and its place in the rise of capitalism from a global and comparative perspective. Rice is a first step toward such a history. The fifteen chapters, written by specialists on Africa, the Americas, and several regions of Asia, are premised on the utility of a truly international approach to history. Each one brings a new approach that unsettles prevailing narratives and suggests new connections. Together they cast new light on the significant roles of rice as crop, food, and commodity and shape historical trajectories and interregional linkages in Africa, the Americas, Europe, and Asia"

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to present the development of justice-oriented worldviews among three New York City public school global history teachers and its manifestations in their curriculum and practice.Design/methodology/approachThis qualitative study, part of a larger study, relied on interviews centering around participants' backgrounds, international experiences and global perspectives, along with observations of their teaching.FindingsThe findings show that participants' experiences, particularly with global issues such as climate change, capitalism, and global inequality influenced their worldviews to focus on justice. As a result, there were direct connections of their justice-oriented worldviews in their teaching of global history.Originality/valueThis study highlights the ways in which global history teachers' worldviews influence their teaching practice. Presenting justice-oriented teaching allows for veteran and future teachers to consider this type of instruction in their world history and global studies classroom. Additionally, this study provides insight into the intersections of world history and global education taking place within secondary classrooms that focus on justice rather than traditional world history content teaching.

The Winter Online Lecture Series on Europe will take place in December 2021 in connection with the courses "History of European integration (1919-1993)" (MAHEC-S1-M6i) and "Economic and social history of Europe after 1945" (MAHEC-S3-M5iii) from the Master in European Contemporary History, and the course "Democratic transitions in Central and Eastern Europe" (BCE-EU-301-04) from the Bachelor in European Cultures, with the aim of giving students on these programmes, as well as the wider academic community at the University of Luxembourg, the opportunity to find out about the history and workings of the European institutions in Luxembourg from new and unconventional angles and to discuss some of the milestones in contemporary European history with people who were involved in or witnessed these events. Each session (in French, with Q&A session in French and English) will be streamed via Webex and will include a presentation by a speaker, followed by a discussion with the audience and the opportunity to ask questions.

The Winter Online Lecture Series on Europe will take place in December 2021 in connection with the courses "History of European integration (1919-1993)" (MAHEC-S1-M6i) and "Economic and social history of Europe after 1945" (MAHEC-S3-M5iii) from the Master in European Contemporary History, and the course "Democratic transitions in Central and Eastern Europe" (BCE-EU-301-04) from the Bachelor in European Cultures, with the aim of giving students on these programmes, as well as the wider academic community at the University of Luxembourg, the opportunity to find out about the history and workings of the European institutions in Luxembourg from new and unconventional angles and to discuss some of the milestones in contemporary European history with people who were involved in or witnessed these events. Each session (in French, with Q&A session in French and English) will be streamed via Webex and will include a presentation by a speaker, followed by a discussion with the audience and the opportunity to ask questions.

The Winter Online Lecture Series on Europe will take place in December 2021 in connection with the courses "History of European integration (1919-1993)" (MAHEC-S1-M6i) and "Economic and social history of Europe after 1945" (MAHEC-S3-M5iii) from the Master in European Contemporary History, and the course "Democratic transitions in Central and Eastern Europe" (BCE-EU-301-04) from the Bachelor in European Cultures, with the aim of giving students on these programmes, as well as the wider academic community at the University of Luxembourg, the opportunity to find out about the history and workings of the European institutions in Luxembourg from new and unconventional angles and to discuss some of the milestones in contemporary European history with people who were involved in or witnessed these events. Each session (in French, with Q&A session in French and English) will be streamed via Webex and will include a presentation by a speaker, followed by a discussion with the audience and the opportunity to ask questions.