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Like everywhere else in the world suicide attempts in India have been increasing progressively. However, certain observations are diametrically opposite to those for the West. Males tend to predominate among attempters. The commonest agents used are organophosphates and other household poisons. More violent means for committing suicide are hanging, burning and drown ing. More suicide attempters come from joint families. Only 5-10% of the male attempters are under the influence of alcohol at the time of attempt. None of the studies has reported alcohol intoxication among female attempters. Traditionally, Hindu religion has given sanc tion to certain altruistic suicides.

Some informal rules merely save decision-making costs in social exchanges, but we try to use others as social contracts to produce public goods. (In fact, effective ethical-behavioural constraints may be essential to retention and the useful functioning of markets and democratic government.) Ethical-behavioural tenets are themselves public goods, however, adherence to them being vulnerable to cheap- or free-rider difficulties. In the long run, therefore, desirable informal laws will be underprovided. Nonetheless, according to both theory and observation, individuals sometimes overturn their free-riderism, compulsively sacrifice their selfish interests, and maintain useful customs and rules. Conditions that determine the costs and 'indoctrinated' or psychic rewards to individuals for their adherence are discussed. These conditions will shape the degree of underproduction of advantageous behavioural codes.

The article is devoted to the problem of ensuring the right to health protection and medical care, the organization and provision of medical care to children with rare (orphan) diseases are of great relevance today, due to increased attention to it not only in Russia, but throughout the world. This is mainly due to the high level of economic and social burden of rare diseases. Orphan diseases include congenital (hereditary) or acquired diseases, the frequency of which in the country and the world does not exceed a certain number established by the laws of various countries.
The low incidence of rare (orphan) diseases leads to difficulties in obtaining useful, reliable and timely information about the pathology; the correctness of the diagnosis; lack of adequate dispensary observation; limiting budgetary allocations for the development of orphan drugs and, as a result, the timely receipt of timely and appropriate treatment by people suffering from rare (orphan) diseases.