Suchergebnisse

"Mexicans and the Future of the American Dream examines the lives of Mexican society and government officials in the United States. The 2016 U.S. Presidential election marked a defining moment in the lives of Mexicans in the United States. It rekindled nightmares in many Mexicans and pitted a new generation of Mexicans and Mexican Americans against a shift in politics. In this book, national experts and former government officials explore the direction and magnitude of Donald J. Trump's shifts in immigration policy in three areas: consular strategies put in motion after the election, drugs, and bilateral relations. Insights from nineteen Mexican consulates throughout the U.S. territory, in states both favorable and against immigration, demonstrate shifting perspectives of government officials and that of Mexicans visiting consulates for formalities, getting orientation on a range of topics, or just to asking for help. Mexicans and the Future of the American Dream will be of interest to advanced students and researchers of Politics, Sociology, History, Ethnic Studies and American Studies"--

"Set against the backdrop of dramatic world order transformations across the 1970s and 1980s, this book examines the competing planetary perspectives of the Brandt Commission and the multinationals, arguing that the missed opportunities of these decades created a path for contemporary political and economic crises. Featuring a thorough analysis of the decades' trends and a new interview with Shridath Ramphal, the Commission's unofficial vice chair, this is a timely volume for students and researchers of international relations, political science and contemporary history"--

Intro -- Dedication and Acknowledgment -- Preface -- Overview and Structure of This Book -- Contents -- Decolonization from Prescriptive Gender Roles and Sexism: Living Gender AWAke -- Personal Reflexivity -- References -- Patriarchy and Its Handmaid-Sexism -- An Introduction to Sexism, Misogyny, the Patriarchy, and Its Consequences -- Understanding the Patriarchy, Sexism, and Misogyny -- How Socialization Matters -- Challenges to Overcoming Patriarchal Oppression -- Persistent Gender Imbalances for Women with Children -- Personal Reflexivity -- References -- Part I: The Problem-How Settler Colonial Structures of Historical Oppression Drive Gender-Based Inequities and Violence and Strategies Toward Emancipation -- Introduction and Application of the Framework of Historical Oppression, Resilience, and Transcendence (FHORT) to Gender-Based Violence -- The Framework of Historical Oppression, Resilience, and Transcendence (FHORT) -- Historical Oppression -- Rezilience/Resilience -- Framework Applications -- Societal, Community, and Cultural Risk and Protective Factors -- Familial Risk and Protective Factors -- Relational and Individual Risk and Protective Factors -- Conclusion -- References -- How Did It Happen? A Case Example of the Incremental, Cumulative, and Massive Efforts of Historical Oppression to Reverse Indigenous Women's Roles and Statuses -- The Tension Between Historical Oppression and Resilience -- Women's Status Prior to Colonization -- Colonization and Constrained Women's Roles -- References -- Divides, Disruptions, and Gendered Rearrangements: How Historical Oppression Impairs Communities and Contributes to Violence -- Patriarchal Colonialism -- Historical Trauma -- Historical Oppression: A Critical Framework -- Results Summary and Discussion -- Rezilience, Survivance, and Liberation -- References.

Intro -- Preface -- Abilities Unique to Humans -- Why Animals Live in Groups -- Groups of Human Beings -- Organizations and Institutions -- Trust in Organizations and Institutions -- Chapters -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Part I: Introduction to the Evolution of Cooperation -- Chapter 1: What Is ``The Evolution of Cooperation``? -- 1.1 Cooperation in Our Lives -- 1.2 What Is Evolutionary Game Theory? -- 1.3 Evolutionary Stable Strategy -- 1.4 Games Between Two Players -- 1.4.1 Prisoner´s Dilemma Game -- 1.4.2 Chicken Game -- 1.4.3 Snowdrift and Blizzard Game -- 1.4.4 Which Is an ESS, Cooperation or Defection? -- 1.5 Why We Can Analyze Our Society by Means of Evolutionary Game Theory -- 1.6 How to Make a Mathematical Model or an Agent-Based Model of Our Society by Means of Evolutionary Game Theory -- 1.7 The Mechanisms to Promote the Evolution of Cooperation Between Bilateral Players -- 1.7.1 Kin Selection -- 1.7.2 Group Selection -- 1.7.3 Direct Reciprocity -- 1.7.4 Indirect Reciprocity -- 1.7.5 Social Network -- 1.7.6 Punishment -- 1.8 Games Among Three or More Players -- 1.9 The Application of Evolutionary Game Theory to Our Society -- References -- Chapter 2: The Evolution of Cooperation in a Lattice-Structured Population Under Two Different Updating Rules -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Completely Mixed Population -- 2.3 One-Dimensional Lattice Under the Score-Dependent Viability Model -- 2.3.1 Computer Simulations on a One-Dimensional Lattice Model -- 2.3.2 The Dynamics of Density -- 2.3.2.1 Mean-Field Approximation -- 2.3.2.2 Pair Approximation -- 2.3.3 Invasion Success Probability in the One-Dimensional Lattice Model -- 2.3.4 The Pair-Edge Method -- 2.4 Two-Dimensional Lattice Under the Viability Model -- 2.4.1 Mean-Field Approximation in the Two-Dimensional Lattice -- 2.4.2 Pair Approximation in the Two-Dimensional Lattice Model.

"Bringing together leading experts from across the UK and Europe, this book provides a comprehensive analysis of the impact of Brexit on the energy sector in the UK and in the European Union and its member states. In recent decades, the trend within the EU has been towards greater integration and liberalisation of energy markets. Through the development of the Union's Internal Energy Market and the funding of cross-border energy infrastructure, EU membership facilitates cross-border trade in energy, promotes security of energy supply and via EURATOM allows EU member states to trade in nuclear material for energy production. Brexit changes all of this. The significant level of integration and interdependence in EU energy policy means that the UK's departure from the Union poses many challenges for the UK, the EU and its member states. While certain energy-related arrangements have been addressed, the relationship between the UK and EU in the energy sector has been changed fundamentally. In this context important and interrelated questions arise, such as including: Under what terms will energy trading between the EU and UK now take place? What access will the UK have to EU energy markets? What does Brexit mean for the security of energy supply? What does the UK's departure from EURATOM mean for nuclear research? Can the cross-border Single Energy Market (SEM) on the island of Ireland continue following Brexit? What implications does Brexit have for renewables, the environment and climate change? Brexit comes at a time when the European energy sector is undergoing the processes of decarbonization and energy transition. This book offers researchers, legal practitioners and policy advisers in-depth understanding of the interplay between these challenges and Brexit"--

Radical Civility unearths civility's extraordinary potential by addressing why the virtue has fallen into crisis, recalling the injunctions that transpose utopia upon the stingy politics of likelihood, and by offering a vision of citizens who find purpose in dignifying each other.

Intro -- Preface -- Organization -- Contents -- E-Democracy and E-Participation -- Voter Authentication in Remote Electronic Voting Governmental Experiences: Requirements and Practices -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Equal Suffrage and Voter Authentication: Legal Requirements -- 3 Voter Authentication in Practice: Governmental Experiences -- 3.1 Knowledge-Based Voter Authentication Methods -- 3.2 Biometric-Based Voter Authentication Methods -- 3.3 Combinations: Ownership- and Knowledge-Based Voter Authentication Methods -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Using Open Government Data to Facilitate the Design of Voting Advice Applications -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 Proposed System -- 4 Case Study -- 4.1 Data -- 4.2 Experiments -- 5 Results and Discussion -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Investigating Trust and Risk Perceptions in a Hybrid Citizen Journey -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Research Background -- 2.1 Trust and E-Government -- 2.2 Citizen Journeys as Analytical Tool -- 3 Methodology -- 4 Findings -- 5 Discussion -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- ICT and Sustainability -- Applications of Data-Driven Policymaking in the Local Energy Transition: A Multiple-case Study in the Netherlands -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Overview -- 2.1 Data-Driven Policymaking -- 2.2 Purposes of Applications that Support the Policymaking Cycle -- 2.3 Type of Data Analytics -- 2.4 Stakeholder Engagement -- 3 Case Study Methodology -- 4 Results Case Studies -- 4.1 Background: Local Energy Transition in the Netherlands -- 4.2 Amsterdam -- 4.3 Rotterdam -- 4.4 The Hague -- 4.5 Utrecht -- 5 Findings and Discussion -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- The Great Divide: Empirical Evidence of a Decoupling of Digital Transformation and Sustainability -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Previous Research -- 3 Method and Analysis -- 4 Results -- 5 Discussion.

Intro -- Contents -- General Introduction: State and Enterprise in the Global Market -- 1 State and Market in the International Order After World War II -- 2 The Trends of International Economic Relations in the Post-War Scenario and the Role of Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) in ... -- 3 The Rise and Demise of the Role of the State in the Market (1950-2000) -- 4 Enterprise and International Trade in the Second Half of 20th Century -- 4.1 1950/1980: The Predominance of the Western MNEs -- 4.2 1980/2000: Liberalization, Privatization, and Rise of Financial Markets and New Actors -- 5 The European Union Approach to the State-Enterprise Relation -- 6 State and Market at the End of the 20th Century and the Beginning of the 21st Century -- 7 The Business Firm in the 21st Century: From the Shareholder Value Principle to the New Role of SOEs and of Sustainable MNEs -- 8 The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and of the Russia-Ukraine Conflict on the International Economic Relations: from the Saf... -- Appendix -- A. Value of Global Trade in Millions of US Dollars at Current Price from 1950 to 2019 (Data Source: UNCTAD) -- B. Value of Global FDI in Millions of US Dollars at Current Price from 1970 to 2019 (Data Source: UNCTAD) -- C. Trade: Flow of Exports 1950-1980 (Percentage on the World´s Total -- Data Source: UNCTAD) -- D. Trade: Imports 1950-1980 (Percentage on the World´s Total -- Data Source: UNCTAD) -- E. FDI: Outward 1970-1980 (US Dollars at Current Prices in Millions -- Data Source: UNCTAD) -- F. FDI: Inward 1970-1980 (Percentage on the World´s Total -- Data Source: UNCTAD) -- G. Trade: Exports 1980-2000 (Percentage on the World´s Total -- Data Source: UNCTAD) -- H. Trade: Imports 1980-2000 (Percentage on the World´s Total -- Data Source: UNCTAD) -- I. FDI: Inward 1980-2000 (Percentage on the World´s Total -- Data Source: UNCTAD).

Cover -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- The People's Republic of China during the long 1970s -- The socialist state between two worlds -- Policy experimentation and compromise before 1979 -- Literature review: The Reform Era and its prehistory -- Looking beyond dualisms -- Experimentation and compromise for an overarching objective -- Adjustments of China's economic policy and concepts of socialism: Questions -- The challenges of researching Chinese economic policy -- Theoretical considerations -- On socialist economic policy -- How to organise a socialist economy? The Soviet prototype -- Towards the Soviet Industrial Revolution -- Rich Nation, Strong Military - the origins of socialism in China -- Alternative paths towards a common goal -- Oscillations of Chinese economic policy before 1970 -- "Leaning to one side" - introducing the Soviet model in the PRC -- Walled industrial cities and self‐reliant peasants -- Mobilising the masses, two disasters and readjustment -- Towards more turmoil -- A political economy of Mao Zedong Thought? -- Phases of Chinese Economic Policy Formulation, 1970-1978 -- 1970-1973: The second readjustment and stabilisation -- 1974-1975: Hinge years, constitutional reform and trade -- 1976-1978: The Four Modernisations and a dialectical tilt -- How to bring about great order? -- Expanding limits of the possible -- Economic policy adjustments in China (1970-1978) -- How to organise economic activity? -- Management and hierarchy: Expertise versus egalitarianism -- "Strengthening management" and re‑introducing "rationalrulesandregulations" -- The hierarchical state unveiled (again) -- The end of the Cultural Revolution brings new idols -- Motivation, ownership and responsibility -- More than wages: Addressing the livelihood -- How to make production more efficient? -- Beyond grain and steel: introducing modern technology.

Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- About the Authors -- 1 Relationship Between Educational Attainment and Class Size: Effects of Teacher Resource Allocation -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Model -- 1.2.1 The Basic Setup -- 1.2.2 Relationship Between Pupil-Teacher Ratios and Educational Attainment -- 1.3 Simulation Analysis -- 1.4 Simulation Results -- 1.4.1 When Educational Attainment P Is Upward Sloping -- 1.4.2 When the Educational Attainment P Is Downward Sloping -- 1.4.3 When the Graph for Educational Attainment P Is U-Shaped -- 1.4.4 When the Graph for Educational Attainment P Is Inverted U-Shaped -- 1.4.5 Implications -- 1.5 Conclusion -- References -- 2 Investment in General and Specific Human Capital: Social Optimality via Labor Turnover -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Model -- 2.2.1 Basic Setup -- 2.2.2 The Two-Period Setting -- 2.2.3 Investment Decision -- 2.3 Comparative Statics -- 2.3.1 Comparison of Investment Between Social Firms and Private Firms -- 2.3.2 Comparison of Profits Between Social Firms and Private Firms -- 2.3.3 The Effects of Turnover and Workers' Bargaining Power -- 2.4 Relationship Between the Ratio of General Skill and Matching of Worker and Firm -- 2.4.1 Case of Social Firms -- 2.4.2 Case of Private Firms -- 2.5 Conclusion -- References -- 3 Necessity of Openness to Stimulate Innovation: An Investigation into Causes of Slow Innovation -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Arrangement of Innovation Concept -- 3.3 Optimal Allocation Between Disruptive Innovation and Sustainable Innovation -- 3.3.1 Economic Performance of Innovation -- 3.3.2 The Model -- 3.3.3 The Optimal Allocation of Innovation -- 3.3.4 Comparative Statics -- 3.3.5 Discussions or Implication -- 3.4 The Importance of Open Innovation -- 3.4.1 The Model -- 3.4.2 The Impact of Innovation Openness on Economic Performance -- 3.4.3 Discussion.

The scale, complexity and pace of urban change in the recent past has been disorienting. As individual cities evolve into complex urban agglomerations, sometimes called city-regions, urban scholars battle to find adequate vocabularies for contemporary urban processes while practitioners continually search for meaningful governance responses. Governing Complex City-Regions in the Twenty-First Century explores the ongoing evolution of regional and metropolitan governance as diverse urban agents grapple with the dilemmas of collective action across multi-layered and fragmented institutions, in contexts where there are manifold centres of influence and decision-making.The author draws on the experiences of the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa), situating his analysis against the particular historical and political cycles of each. This expands the geography of knowledge in the study of city-region governance, revealing meanings, processes and outcomes of city-region governance that are not apparent in the more settled urban contexts of Western Europe and North America on which much of the existing literature is founded.The book provides a critique of the 'best practice' approach, showing that governance approaches are rarely designed but emerge, rather, from the disparate intentions, actions and practices of multiple collaborating and competing actors working within diverse contexts of political settlement and political culture. While it does not offer packaged solutions or easy answers to the challenges of urban governance, it does show the value of comparative study in inspiring new thought and perspectives, which could lead to improved governance practice within South African contexts.

Between the closing battles of the Second World War and the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the Cold War cast a shadow over the lives of people throughout the world. Whilst open conflict was avoided between the ideologically competing superpowers and their principal allies, millions died in battlegrounds in parts of the world that were usually far from Moscow, Washington and London.The threat of nuclear annihilation was omnipresent, but at the same time mutually assured destruction tempered conflict and focused minds. Subtle (and not so subtle) attempts to influence popular opinion either way were apparent in everyday life on both sides of the divide. Whilst the power of the dollar and the burgeoning costs of the arms race eventually broke the Soviet economy, the idea that capitalism won' the the Cold War seems misplaced, especially if one considers events that have happened since, including very recent armed conflict.The book takes the reader through main events of the period, but focuses on the impact on ordinary citizens East and West and the view of events from their perspective. This is a story of how economies on both sides were built around war preparations and the advance of destructive technologies that had no social benefits apart from the provision of employment. Sources used are unusual in not fitting the western-based narratives that pervade both academic histories and popular accounts.However, this book is not an apology for the more oppressive aspects of Soviet policy as the USSR struggled to build really existing socialism' within its own borders and the Eastern Bloc countries under its immediate influence. Instead, it brings a people's perspective from both sides onto this important period of recent history, whose consequences are very much still with us as we face modern challenges around climate change and growing inequality across our world. A People's History of the Cold War - Stories from East and West captures the mood of the times with its extensive contemporary illustrations