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Immigration in Canada has been a topic of great debate in recent years. Canadian public opinion polls have raised problematic issues around immigration and the increasing diversity of the Canadian population. Some feel that Canada accepts far too many immigrants from diverse backgrounds, too many refugees from crisis-ridden parts of the world and allows large numbers of asylum seekers from the United States. ; Usha, G. and McDermott, T. (2019). Is there 'mass migration' in Canada? Toronto: Ryerson Centre for Immigration and Settlement.

Background: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a serious mental health condition with substantial costs to individuals and society. Among military veterans, the lifetime prevalence of PTSD has been estimated to be as high as 20%. Numerous research studies have demonstrated that short-term cognitive-behavioral psychotherapies, such as Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT), lead to substantial and sustained improvements in PTSD symptoms. Despite known benefits, only a minority of clinicians provide these therapies. Transferring this research knowledge into clinical settings remains one of the largest hurdles to improving the health of veterans with PTSD. Attending a workshop alone is insufficient to promote adequate knowledge transfer and sustained skill; however, relatively little research has been conducted to identify effective post-training support strategies. Methods: The current study investigates whether clinicians receiving post-workshop support (six-month duration) will deliver CPT with greater fidelity (i.e., psychotherapy adherence and competence) and have improved patient outcomes compared with clinicians receiving no formal post-workshop support. The study conditions are: technology-enhanced group tele-consultation; standard group tele-consultation; and fidelity assessment with no consultation. The primary outcome is independent assessment (via audio-recordings) of the clinicians' adherence and competence in delivering CPT. The secondary outcome is observed changes in patient symptoms during and following treatment as a function of clinician fidelity. Post-consultation interviews with clinicians will help identify facilitators and barriers to psychotherapy skill acquisition. The study results will inform how best to implement and transfer evidence-based psychotherapy (e.g., CPT) to clinical settings to attain comparable outcomes to those observed in research settings. Discussion: Findings will deepen our understanding of how much and what type of support is needed following a workshop to help clinicians become proficient in delivering a new protocol. Several influences on clinician learning and patient outcomes will be discussed. An evidence-based model of clinical consultation will be developed, with the ultimate goal of informing policy and influencing best practice in clinical consultation. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01861769 ; Wiltsey Stirman, S., Shields, N., Deloriea, J., Landy, M. S. H., Belus, J. M., Maslej, M. M., & Monson, C. M. (2013). A randomized controlled dismantling trial of post-workshop consultation strategies to increase effectiveness and fidelity to an evidence-based psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder. Implementation Science : IS, 8, 82.

The European Union Cohesion Fund provides funding for large scale infrastructure development activities (projects) to reach defined goals in the environmental and transport fields, to realize goals of European Union regional development policy, and to fulfil requirements of Directives. The aim of formation of Cohesion Fund – to level the economical and social differences between European Union member states' and their regions – comes into effect in Latvia. Total amount of European Union Cohesion Fund resources of period 2004 – 2006 is approximately 28 212 billion Euro; expressed in prices of year 2004. Resources of Cohesion Fund were allocated to Spain, Greece, Portugal, Ireland and all ten, in year 2004 affiliated states. Financial support of the instrument for regional development – European Union Cohesion Fund – in Latvia for the 2000 – 2006 Programming period amounts to EUR 710 million (including ISPA – Instrument for Structural Policies for Pre-accession resources). Still EUR 215 million of European Union Cohesion Fund resources should be used by 2010 (including). It means that Latvia must realize European Union Cohesion Fund projects for about EUR 345 million. These great resources shall be acquired in relatively short period of time and under conditions of global economic crisis. Choice of this theme was made by lack of scientific basis for 2007 – 2013 Programming period, since only small number of scientists is involved in researches for acquisition of European Union financial instruments.The aim of this article is to analyze flexibility of instrument for regional development – acquirement of resources of European Union Cohesion Fund under conditions of global economic crisis in Latvia and to evaluate effectiveness of Cohesion Fund resource disposition under these new circumstances. Acquirement of resources of European Union Cohesion Fund has not been studied so much; therefore it may be scientifically interesting topic. To achieve this goal there are three tasks developed – analyzed European Union Cohesion Fund ...

Delivering green building (GB) projects involve some activities that are atypical in comparison with conventional buildings. Such new activities are characterized by uncertainty, and they incur hidden costs that have not been expected nor are they readily appreciated among the stakeholders. This paper develops a typology and chronology to examine the new activities that are associated with transaction costs (TCs) in the real estate development process (REDP) of green building. Through in-depth interviews with representatives from the major developers in Hong Kong who have experiences in GB practice, this study aims to unearth TCs involved at the critical stages of the REDP. Apart from reconfirming the early project planning stage as the most critical in the consideration of TCs, the study results also identified "extra legal liability risk of the GB product" as the major concern for any GB developer in Hong Kong. The key additional activities that bring significant TCs in developing GB are identified and compared to their traditional counterparts. In turn, project managers not only have to pursue overall cost management whilst winning more business, but they also have to pay particular attention to sustainability in order to minimize hidden societal costs. The study also provides a reference for governments and professionals that will aid in forming policy as well as advance the practice of the GB market by optimizing the societal costs. ; OTB ; Architecture and The Built Environment

Over recent years there have been several initiatives around the world that aim to roll out smart metering systems, especially within North America and member states of the European Union. Smart metering systems, giving essential conditions for smart grids in the energy sector, can offer services aimed at achieving many different goals beyond the main task of metering electricity consumption of households. Despite the many advantages gained by the smart metering system, there is a number of serious issues that may lead to the system's failure or inability to reach its goals. One such obstacle which can lead to consumers' rejection of smart meters is perceived security and privacy violations of consumers' information. The social rejection of smart meters poses a significant threat to a successful rollout and operation of the system as consumers represent a cornerstone in the fulfillment of goals such as energy efficiency and savings, by their active interaction with the smart meters. To investigate consumers' perception of smart meters theories and models from the technology acceptance literature can be used for understanding consumers' behaviors, and exploring possible factors that can have a significant impact on consumers' acceptance and usage of a smart meter. In this paper, a first-stage hybrid model of a two well-known technology acceptance theories is presented. These theories are: the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Usage of Technology- UTAUT, and Innovation Diffusion Theory- IDT. The hybrid model is further extended with additional acceptance determinants derived from the smart metering case in the Dutch context. The model aims to investigate determinants that can help shed the light on consumers' perception of the system and its acceptance. ; Infrastructures, Systems and Services ; Technology, Policy and Management

As we approach the 40th anniversary of Canada's multiculturalism policy, the concept of multiculturalism is under attack in many jurisdictions. The leaders of Germany, France and Britain, have each declared that multiculturalism has been a failure in their countries, serving to separate and segregate, rather than integrate (Edmonton Journal, February 13, 2011). It seems timely therefore, to briefly review the origins and evolution of Canada's multiculturalism policy and examine future directions in light of the changing global and national situation, and newly emerging public discourses on integration, inclusion and the meaning of Canadian identity. The focus of this paper is on the role multiculturalism policy plays in creating a more inclusionary society in the twenty-first century in Canada. We set the context by presenting a brief historical overview of multiculturalism policy since its introduction in 1971 and summarizing some of the recent Canadian discourse surrounding multiculturalism. One of the key questions we explore is whether multiculturalism policy should move beyond focusing on the integration of population groups marginalized by national, racial, religious or ethnic origins, to addressing broader social inclusionary processes that influence inequities and impact on nation. Keywords: CVSS, Centre for Voluntary Sector Studies, Working Paper Series,TRSM, Ted Rogers School of Management Citation: ; Hyman, I., Meinhard, A. & Shields, J. (2011). The role of multiculturalism policy in addressing social inclusion processes in Canada (Working Paper Series Volume 2011 (3)).Toronto: Ted Rogers School of Management, Centre for Voluntary Sector Studies, Ryerson University.

Diabetes-Therapie im Wandel. Neue Wirkstoffklassen wie Gliptine, GLP-1-Analoga sowie SGLT-2-Hemmer oder Glitazone bieten interessante Therapie-Alternativen bei Typ-2-Diabetes. Insuline mit veränderter Wirkdauer geraten hinsichtlich ihres Zusatznutzens in die Kritik der Experten. Neue Stechhilfen sollen für Patienten die Insulin-Anwendung erleichtern. Die Diabetes-Therapie befindet sich im Wandel - höchste Zeit für dieses Update, das Apothekern Kompetenz und Sicherheit für ihre Beratung verleiht. Update Pharmazie - Apothekenwissen auf dem neuesten Stand