Suchergebnisse

The study of terrain and all its related elements and facets are of crucial importance to the military, with the importance of terrain being recognised by military leaders more than two thousand years ago. Military operations can occur at any of the three levels of war: tactical, operational and strategic, and can be a combat operation or a military operation other than war (MOOTW). Information about the geography empowers a military commander to plan and execute a mission successfully. As technology developed and evolved, geographic information systems (GIS) have come to play a major role in this. Today, a military operation without the use of GIS is unthinkable. In a developing country like the South Africa, however, licenses for proprietary GIS software, vendor-exclusive training and the bureaucracy of the procurement cycle add to the time and costs of a mission. The question arises whether open source software is a feasible alternative. Since the South African National Defence Force was initially trained in the use of proprietary software and it therefore became a strong habit, the perception now exits that Free and Open Source Geographic Information Software (FOSSGIS) products are neither mature enough nor user-friendly enough to be used in military operations. This study evaluated the use of an open source desktop GIS product, QGIS, in a use case for MOOTW. QGIS, outputs were compared to those produced in ArcGIS, a proprietary desktop GIS product developed by Esri, widely used in military operations. The user-friendliness of the two products as well as pricing was also compared. Results show that the QGIS outputs provide the operational commander with equivalent information to plan and execute a mission successfully. This implies that open source GIS is suitable for military operations, especially those with limited budgets and at short notice, such as in the case of disaster relief. ; Susan Henrico's master's research was financially supported by the South African National Defence Force, Defence ...

Highly skilled Mexican migrants have benefitted from the opportunities offered by U.S. visa programs such as the specialty occupation visa (H-1B), the treaty investor visa (E-2), the EB-5 investor program, and the North American Free Trade Agreement professionals visa (TN). This essay analyzes the possible changes affecting these visas and identifies their main economic, social, and political implications. It uses two main approaches: the mixed-embeddedness framework and transnational theory. U.S. immigration reform has forced some skilled migrants to think about transnational spaces in order to reduce uncertainty. E-2 and EB-5 visa holders may diversify risks through a parallel presence of their businesses in both the United States and Mexico. H-1B holders may think about enhancing their research networks with the Mexican scientific and academic community. TN holders may return and transfer their knowledge back to Mexico. Overall, the improvement of Mexico's institutional environment is crucial for further avoiding the exit of valuable social and cognitive capital. ; Los migrantes mexicanos calificados se han beneficiado de las oportunidades que ofrecen los programas de visa estadunidenses, como son la visa para trabajos especializados (H-1B), la visa de inversionista por tratado comercial (E-2), el programa de inversionistas EB-5 y la visa para profesionales temporales del Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte (TN). El artículo analiza los cambios que podrían afectar a estas visas e identifica sus principales implicaciones económicas, sociales y políticas. Para ello, se recurre a dos enfoques: el marco de incrustación mixta (mixed-embeddedness) y la teoría transnacional. La reforma migratoria estadunidense ha obligado a los migrantes calificados a considerar los espacios transnacionales como una solución para lidiar con la incertidumbre. Los migrantes con visas E-2 y EB-5 podrían diversificar los riesgos teniendo una presencia paralela de sus negocios tanto en Estados Unidos como en México. Los ...

The ONS is transforming the way we produce migration statistics, to better meet our users' needs. We are currently progressing a transformation programme to put administrative data at the core of our evidence on international migration.
We currently use the International Passenger Survey (IPS) to produce estimates of international migration to and from the UK. Our new analysis of circular patterns of movement using Home Office administrative data clearly demonstrates the complexity of the travel patterns we see in the data. Looking at individuals who arrived in the UK on non-visit visas and their travel patterns for the following two-year period, we were able to identify a range of circular journeys into and out of the country.
There is therefore potential to produce statistics on circular migration in future, so we are exploring how we can do this using linked administrative data.
Main Aim

To analyse circular travel patterns and see how these migrants may fit into our traditional definitions of international migrants
To obtain the most common visa types, travel patterns, nationality and length of stay.
To produce counts of potential circular migrants.

We have analysed a three-year extract of Home Office Exit Checks data to identify circular patterns of movement for non-EU nationals whose journey started on a non-visit visa.
We published our first outputs in January 2019, where we categorised people by how frequently they travelled, length of stay and demographic information. Since then we have investigated short-term circular journeys and determined common visa types, counts and travel patterns.
Circular migrants are not a homogenous group as they have wide-ranging travel patterns. The results from this exploratory analysis have provided evidence of short-term migrant travel patterns which will aid our understanding of these migrant movement types.

This article will discuss market structure and competition prices in islamic economics. Literature searching is the method used in writing this article. This article found that market in Islam is defined as a means of meeting between seller and buyer, where the buyer came to the market with a demand for goods membewa certain to meet with the seller that brings offers the same goods as well. And the outcome of the meeting will produce an agreement between the seller and the buyer of the price level and the number of items in the transaction. If an agreement between the seller and the buyer then there was a provision of an item in the transaction. The market structure has a notion that some form of management of the producer to the market based on their characteristics, for example, such as the type of product produced, the number of companies in an industry. Easy or not exit or enter the industry and the role of advertising in industry activity. Perfect competition is a market structure that is most ideal for systems market is considered to ensure their activities to produce goods or services is high. The conclusion of the article are: however, in practice it is not easy to realize a market that has a structure of perfect competition. pricing is one of the practices that are not allowed by the Islamic Shari'a. Government or who have economic power do not have the right and authority to determine the fixed price of a commodity, unless the government has provided for the trader's sufficient quantities to be sold using a price has been agreed. Tabi'at (fixed) This we can see from how the attitude of the prophet Muhammad pbuh on the issue. When visited by a companion to ask for fixing the price, the Prophet pbuh stated his rejection.

Purpose
Currently, no research is available for behavioural investigative advisors' to provide justifications to infer from the crime scene that an offender is a UK or non-UK national. The paper aims to discuss these issues.


Design/methodology/approach
Data were obtained from National Crime Agency and consisted of 651 stranger rapes, 434 UK nationals and 217 non-UK nationals. All cases were coded for 70 offence behaviour variables. χ2 analyses were conducted to identify significant associations between offence behaviours and offender nationality. Significant associations were then entered into a logistic regression analysis to assess their combined predictive ability of offender nationality.


Findings
Analyses revealed 11 offence behaviours with significant associations to offender nationality: confidence, darkness, offender kisses victim, victim performs sex acts, requests sex acts, apologises, destroys forensics, block entry/exit, weapon – firearm, vaginal penetration – hands/fist/digital, and violence: minimal. From this, seven variables held predictive ability within the logistic regression, with five predicting the non-UK grouping and two the UK grouping.


Research limitations/implications
Future research should test the distinctions between UK and non-UK national stranger rapists and explore the impact of length of residency.


Practical implications
Results indicated that on the whole UK and non-UK stranger rapists display similar behaviours, but there were some distinct behaviours within stranger rape crime scenes, particularly the use of firearms. The ability to use crime scene behaviours to narrow suspect pools by criminal conviction is only useful when police have access to full criminal histories. Unfortunately, the ability to access and search non-UK databases is not always possible. Therefore, this study may be the first step for BIAs to utilise in identifying the likely offender nationality, before using further models that narrow down to criminal history.


Originality/value
This is the first study to examine whether it is possible to differentiate stranger rapists nationality using their offence behaviours.

This research article aims to explore with a qualitative metodology the phenomenon of migration in Spain, highlighting, through a diachronic view, the main stages of a process that, today, has reversed its initial tendencies. In fact, if on one hand the Iberian peninsula has been a place of exits, towards the colonies of America, and of forced separations dictated by political dystonia, on the other - in more recent times - it has become a place of arrival for thousands of new migrants. In other words, the famous «mass emigration» has left more and more room for the immigration and reception narrative. How did this metamorphosis occured? And in what kind of socio-legal framework has this transformation been made? To these questions will try to answer the work presented here, in the attempt to envision new horizons of reflection on the migratory phenomenon in Spain. ; El presente artículo de investivestigación pretende recorrer mediante una metodología cualitativa el fenómeno de la migración en España, destacando, a través de una mirada diacrónica, las etapas principales de un proceso que, hoy en día, ha invertido sus tendencias iniciales. De hecho, si por un lado la península ibérica ha sido un lugar de salidas hacia las colonias de Ámérica, y de separaciones forzadas dictadas por la distonía política, por el otro —en tiempos más recientes— se ha convertido en un lugar de llegada para miles de nuevos migrantes. En otras palabras, la famosa «emigración en masa» ha dejado cada vez más espacio para una narrativa de inmigración y acogida. ¿Cómo se produjo esta metamorfosis? ¿Y en qué marco socio-jurídico se ha realizado dicha transformación? A estas preguntas tratará de responder el artículo aquí presentado, en el intento de vislumbrar nuevos horizontes de reflexión acerca del fenómeno migratorio en España.

HIV-AIDS is one of the world's health problems. Grobogan regency is one of the districts in Central Java with HIV number 4 and the discovery of new cases of HIV-AIDS number 3 in Central Java by 2015. Until 2017, HIV-AIDS cases are still fluctuating and tend to increase. Efforts were made to garner support and political commitment from the Grobogan Government and other stakeholders. The continuity of the program depends on political commitment and stakeholder policy support in the region. Conducting stakeholder analysis becomes important for the development of future strategic HIV / AIDS prevention plans. Objective this research to describe how local government strategic planning in HIV and AIDS prevention in Grobogan District. This research is descriptive research with qualitative approach. There were 20 informants in the study: Executive and Legislative officials, HIV / AIDS Caring NGO, VCT Clinic, community of PLWHA. The data was collected by observation, in-depth interview, and document review. Local government strategic planning on HIV / AIDS prevention efforts is still in the form of policy agenda and exit strategy. Although all stakeholders agree and support HIV / AIDS prevention efforts, stakeholder involvement in the formulation of policies and programs is lacking. Coordination of health offices with other stakeholders is also not working well, so the program is not integrated. The health department advocacy to local leaders is still weak. Health workers began to be evaluated for their performance, especially at sub-district level. Proposed alternatives to HIV / AIDS prevention budget from village funds. Unintegrated HIV / AIDS prevention efforts by stakeholders show weak communication and coordinative functioning. This problem is mainly caused by the key personnel dealing with reshuffle including the head of the health office in addition to the new bupati also not fully understand the case of HIV-AIDS that occurred.

Mitosis is largely driven by the highly ordered process of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. Current estimates from large scale deep phosphor-proteomics analysis suggest that the majority of the proteasome is fully-phosphorylated during mitosis, highlighting the extensive network of events that phosphorylation controls. To better understand these events, we utilised the unique Minardo layout, which displays multi-dimensional information including time which flows around a schematic "circtanglar" cell (Ma et al., 2013). Over 90 events are visually represented on the layout, providing a quick yet comprehensive overview of the key phosphorylation events that regulate entry, progression and exit from mitosis (Burgess et al., 2017). Each phosphorylation event is visually linked to its upstream regulatory kinase or phosphatase, adding an additional layer of information. In addition, the website version (http://www.cell.com/cell/enhanced/odonoghue2), is fully interactive allowing users to click on each phosphosite, with the pop-up box containing direct links to 3D structure, UniProt and most importantly, a simple description along with additional phosphorylation events and direct links to the supporting literature in PubMed. Currently, the information contained within these pop-up boxes is not easily accessible or searchable, limiting its use, consequently in this review we have re-compiled the pop-up boxes to enable easy access to the information and provide a comprehensive compendium of the major phosphorylation events currently known to be essential for mitosis. ; A.B. is supported by CINSW FRL (ID#10/FRL/3-02), The Patricia Helen Guest Fellowship and a NBCF IIRS grant (#IIRS-18-103). S.R. is an Australian Government RTP Scholarship. M.M. is supported by MINECO (SAF2015-69920-R, ERDF-EU, and BFU2014-52125-REDT grants). J.V. and S.I.O'D. are supported by CSIRO's OCE Science Leader programme. The authors thank Benedetta Frida Baldi and Christopher Hammang for creative input.

International audience ; ArianeGroup develops for the civil and military sectors a panel of technologies related to the systems of launch and space applications. Among these technologies, ceramic matrix composite materials are used to design specific parts submitted to extreme thermomechanical environments : the nozzle's throat and exit cone are parts of these applications. To produce these axisymmetric kinds of shapes, ArianeGroup uses a process which consists in realizing a pre-shape with a stratified fibrous reinforcement who is tied in the thickness using a transfer of fibers with a needling process, this pre-shape being later densified. The resultant structure of the constituting material makes the local orthotropic directions very close of the axisymetric macroscopic shape. To characterize the circular direction of the final shape without using expansive technological tests, it is preferable in industrial environment to proceed to elementary tests on mechanical sample. Because of curvature in the stratification of the material, the use of classic dog-bone sample is problematic. The teams of ArianeGroup then developed a specific asymmetric geometry of test sample which allows to limit the problems of curvature. ; ArianeGroup développe pour les secteurs civils et militaires un panel de technologies liées aux systèmes de lancement et applications spatiales. Parmi ces technologies, les matériaux composites à matrice céramique sont utilisés pour concevoir des pièces soumises à des environnements thermomécaniques extrêmes : les cols et les divergents de tuyère font partie de ces applications. Pour fabriquer ces pièces axisymétriques, on utilise notamment un procédé qui consiste à réaliser une préforme avec un renfort fibreux stratifié puis aiguilleté dans l'épaisseur, préforme qui est par la suite densifiée. La structure résultante du matériau constitutif de la pièce fait que les directions d'orthotropie sont sensiblement celles du repère de la pièce axisymétrique. Pour caractériser la direction ...

Have you ever felt that the world was coming to an end? Do you know what one of your first instincts would be? This thesis looks closer at one of our most natural reactions: the immersion in storytelling. Leaving from Francesca Polletta's research in the field of the sociology of social mouvements, the following pages are based on the observation that in times of catastrophe — may it be due to war, global warming or many other causes — storytelling plays an important part in the constitution and organisation of new collective actors that demand and create change, potentially contributing to an exit from crisis. If all forms of storytelling can help us act together, this thesis focuses on the political charge of a particular genre, that of science-fiction. Even if the academic world is barely starting to acknowledge the potential of this form of para-literature, the vast array of utopian, counter-utopian, dystopian, even apocatopian projets that dot the history of architecture shows that architects have long understood the subversive potential of this genre.Politicised architectural fictions will be our playing field: the corpus is made up of stories born on the realms of disaster at the dawn and dusk of the XXth century, as defined by the historian Eric Hobsbawm — starting in 1914 with the beginning of World War I and ending in 1992-1995 and the long siege of Sarajevo. These two temporal points are connected by stories and projets that belong to the same political family, that of anarchism — namely it's pacifist branches — as it is understood and translated into architecture by Bruno Taut (The Glass Pavilion, Alpine Architecture, The Dissolution of the City, The Worldbuilder, The Galoches of Fortune, Mimari Bilgisi) and Lebbeus Woods (Underground Berlin, Zagreb Free-Zone, War and Architecture). Their anarchitectures are accompanied by the works of writers — representatives of the dissident and activist facet of science-fiction and fantasy — such as Paul Scheerbart (Rakkóx, the billionaire, Lésabendio. An ...

A single hospital admission can deplete household resources so considerably as to induce impoverishment, especially in the Indian context of low government healthcare expenditure. Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY) was a national health insurance scheme for below-poverty-line Indian families, to provide improved access to hospitalization and greater financial protection via a public-private-partnership employing private sector implementation capacity. Study objectives were to understand governance (including regulatory) environment and contract arrangements; evaluate expansion of services to beneficiaries; and assess compliance of providers and user satisfaction. A case study approach in two districts met the need for in-depth information on scheme functioning, and RSBY implementation was examined between 2011 and 13 in Patiala (Punjab) and Yamunanagar (Haryana). Methods included 20 key stakeholder interviews, analysis of secondary datasets on beneficiaries and claims, primary data collection in 31 public and private hospitals and in greater depth in 12 hospitals, and an exit survey of 751 patients. Enrolled and non-enrolled hospitals were mapped in each district and service availability of enrolled hospitals assessed; enrollee characteristics were analysed; for the 12 hospitals, information was obtained on structural quality and process of care, and patient satisfaction and out-of-pocket payments. The Indian states and the government of India did not specify formal regulatory and implementation procedures in detail and states largely contracted out their functions to private insurance firms. Findings show regulatory weaknesses, and contractual breaches. Enrolment rates were low in both districts and more so for Patiala and there was limited access to services. There was little difference in process of care between public and private hospitals, though the structural capacity of private hospitals was better than public hospitals. RSBY helped improve accessibility and gave some degree of financial protection to patients. It also actively engaged with existing resources in the Indian health care and insurance markets.

There are some outlines strategic directions of development of tourism in Ukraine. The moderntrend of strategic tourism is invastigated. An dynamic tourism flows for 2000 - 2015 gg., based on piecharts which are presented in proportion of entry of exit tourists. Due to circular diagrams shows that theterritory of Ukraine is invastigated by the number of tourists visiting Lviv region; there is a large shareof domestic tourists in Ivano-Frankivsk, Khmelnytsky, Zaporizhia, Odesa. Generalized approaches to thedefinition of "sustainable development", "Development Strategy". The experience of Germany, France,Norway, in the preservation and restoration of tourism resources. The experience of these countries,according to the author, should serve as an example of proper preservation of cultural heritage and ourUkraine. The analysis is reported by the government bill on the State Fund for humanitarian developmentof Ukraine. The author draws attention to the modern scientific and technological achievements thatcan make a significant contribution to preserve tourism resources, in particular, such as the drone. Thearticle states that the preservation of monuments, important to have a precise picture of the object, but byphotographing drone can create an accurate 3 D model of the object or area in general. Also the strategicpriorities of the tourism industry.Key words: strategic direction; sustainable development; tourism industry; rational use of touristresources.Софія БілоусISSN 2078-4333. Вісник львівського університету. Серія міжнародні відносини. 2016. Випуск 40 ; Окреслено стратегічні напрями розвитку туризму в Україні. Досліджено сучасні тенденціїстратегічного розвитку туризму. Наведено динаміку туристичних потоків за 2000–2015 рр.,на основі кругових діаграм представлено частку в'їзних, виїзних туристів та екскурсантів.Узагальнено підходи до визначення понять "сталий розвиток", "стратегія розвитку". Наведенодосвід Німеччини, Польщі, Франції, Норвегії у сфері збереження та відновлення туристичнихресурсів, який, на думку автора, потрібно перейняти з метою створення дієвої системи збереженняресурсів і в Україні. Визначено стратегічні пріоритети розвитку туристичної галузі.Ключові слова: стратегічні напрями; сталий розвиток; туристична галузь; раціональневикористання; туристичні ресурси.

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the role of private sector providers in providing and financing immunization. To fill this gap, the authors conducted a study in Benin, Malawi, and Georgia to estimate (1) the proportion of vaccinations taking place through the private sector; (2) private expenditures for vaccination; and (3) the extent of regulation. METHODS: In each country, the authors surveyed a stratified random sample of 50 private providers (private for-profit and not-for-profit) using a standardized, pre-tested questionnaire administered by trained enumerators. In addition, the authors conducted 300 or more client exit interviews in each country. RESULTS: The three countries had different models of private service provision of vaccination. In Malawi, 44% of private facilities, predominantly faith-based organizations, administered an estimated 27% of all vaccinations. In Benin, 18% of private for-profit and not-for-profit facilities provided vaccinations, accounting for 8% of total vaccinations. In Georgia, all sample facilities were privately managed, and conducted 100% of private vaccinations. In all three countries, the Ministries of Health (MoHs) supplied vaccines and other support to private facilities. The study found that 6–76% of clients paid nominal fees for vaccination cards and services, and a small percentage (2–26%) chose to pay higher fees for vaccines not within their countries' national schedules. The percentage of private expenditure on vaccination was less than 1% of national health expenditures. The case studies revealed that service quality at private facilities was mixed, a finding that is similar to those of other studies on private sector vaccination. The three countries varied in how well the MoHs managed and supervised private sector services. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: The private sector plays a growing role in lower-income countries and is expanding access to services. Governments' ability to regulate and monitor immunization services and promote quality and affordable services in ...

BACKGROUND: Government policies can strongly influence migrants' health. Using a Health in All Policies approach, we systematically reviewed evidence on the impact of public policies outside of the health-care system on migrant health. METHODS: We searched the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases from Jan 1, 2000, to Sept 1, 2017, for quantitative studies comparing the health effects of non-health-targeted public policies on migrants with those on a relevant comparison population. We searched for articles written in English, Swedish, Danish, Norwegian, Finnish, French, Spanish, or Portuguese. Qualitative studies and grey literature were excluded. We evaluated policy effects by migration stage (entry, integration, and exit) and by health outcome using narrative synthesis (all included studies) and random-effects meta-analysis (all studies whose results were amenable to statistical pooling). We summarised meta-analysis outcomes as standardised mean difference (SMD, 95% CI) or odds ratio (OR, 95% CI). To assess certainty, we created tables containing a summary of the findings according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation. Our study was registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42017076104. FINDINGS: We identified 43 243 potentially eligible records. 46 articles were narratively synthesised and 19 contributed to the meta-analysis. All studies were published in high-income countries and examined policies of entry (nine articles) and integration (37 articles). Restrictive entry policies (eg, temporary visa status, detention) were associated with poor mental health (SMD 0·44, 95% CI 0·13–0·75; I(2)=92·1%). In the integration phase, restrictive policies in general, and specifically regarding welfare eligibility and documentation requirements, were found to increase odds of poor self-rated health (OR 1·67, 95% CI 1·35–1·98; I(2)=82·0%) and mortality (1·38, 1·10–1·65; I(2)=98·9%). Restricted eligibility for welfare support decreased the odds of general health-care service use (0·92, ...

У статті автором наведені точки зору різних вітчизняних і закордонних вчених щодо визначення поняття «банкрутство» та сформовано чотири підходи до його визначення, зокрема банкрутство як стан неспроможності, банкрутство як результат впливу чинників, банкрутство як інструмент виведення з кризової ситуації та банкрутство як точка в життєвому циклі підприємства. В процесі дослідження літературних джерел та законодавчих документів стосовно поняття «банкрутство» можна було прослідити ототожнення його з поняттями «неплатоспроможність» та «неспроможність», тому автором наведена схема системи понять інституту банкрутства підприємств. Розмежування даних термінів представимо через взаємопов'язану ланцюгову систему понять інституту банкрутства. Побудова даної системи ґрунтується на змінах у фінансово-майновому стані підприємства. Розмежування даних понять також добре просліджується в наведеній моделі життєвого циклу підприємства в термінах інституту банкрутства. В роботі представлена класифікація причин банкрутства, виділено його стадії, основні риси кожної стадії та екстрені заходи для виходу з банкрутства. ; The author presents the perspectives of various domestic and foreign scientists on the definition of "bankruptcy" and formed four approaches to its definition, including bankruptcy as a state of insolvency, bankruptcy as a result of factors, bankruptcy as a tool for withdrawal from the crisis and bankruptcy as a point in life enterprise cycles. In the course of researching the literary sources and legislative documents concerning the concept of "bankruptcy" it was possible to trace its identification with the concepts of "insolvency" and "insolvency"; The distinction of these terms will be presented through the interconnected chain of concepts of bankruptcy institute. The construction of this system is based on changes in the financial state of the enterprise. The distinction of these concepts is also well traced in the model of the life cycle of the enterprise in terms of bankruptcy. The paper presents the classification of the causes of bankruptcy, identifies its stages, the main features of each stage and emergency measures for exit from bankruptcy.