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We discuss how theatre production and radio play engage with the Finnish social and political reality by challenging the memory culture of war, especially questions related to masculinity and violence. The productions we look at are based on a novel by Vaino Linna. Productions are simply called The Unknown Soldier, like the novel. The theatre adaptation is written and directed by Kristian Smeds at the Finnish National Theatre in 2007-09 and a radio play, The Unknown Soldier: A Dialogue with Linna's Novel, directed by Juhana von Bagh and written by Jussi Moila for the Finnish Broadcasting Company, Yle, in 2014. Both adaptations challenged Finnish historians in discussing questions related to the war that had long been silenced. History and performance can both be seen as representations of the past, which shape our understanding and identity. We use the concepts of memory and memory culture - that is, how the past is remembered because of the particular performances we chose to focus on. ; Peer reviewed

Feminism in India is not a singular theoretical orientation; it has changed over time in relation to historical and cultural realities, levels of consciousness, perceptions and actions of individual women and women as a group. Historical circumstances and values in India make women's issues different from the Western feminist rhetoric. In all the three main stages of Indian history, viz. the ancient period, the medieval period and the modern age, we find that Hinduism and the role of women in particular have undergone tremendous changes. Through this paper, I would wish to study the position of Hindu female gods and the male deities and thereupon clarify main concepts as to how this situation has drawn an impact and affected the male dominated system of Indian society. The approach which in particular I seek to adopt is firstly, a comparative study of both the deities, secondly, its impact on status of women in all the three ages, i.e. the ancient, medieval and the modern, and lastly, the position of women in the Indian context.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Introduction: A Rebellion against the Monarchy -- In the Beginning -- A Suicide Pact -- Corporate America Seizes the Court -- Part One: Th eHidden History of Judicial Review -- The Founders' Vision -- The Glue That Binds Us Together -- A Bold Experiment -- Debating the Supreme Court -- Where Does the New Buck Stop? -- The Power Grab -- Whoever Controls the Law Controls the Country -- Jefferson: "The People Themselves" -- Who Decides What the Constitution Means? -- The Powell Memo and the Court -- Partisan Politics in "Original Intent" -- Originalism Is Joined by Textualism -- One True Spokesman -- Clear Preferences versus Ambiguities -- The Corruption of the Court Itself -- Fossil Fuels Seize the Court -- Right-Wing Takeover and Corporate Handouts -- The Constitution Afflicts the Afflicted and Comforts the Comfortable -- The Constitution Protects Property and Its Owners -- The Constitution Protects Killers and Slave Owners -- The Constitution Prefers Property Rights to Human Rights -- The Constitution Protects Takers, Not the Taken -- Part Two: The Hidden History of the People and the Court -- The Supreme Court versus Labor -- Haymarket and Allgeyer: The Public Turns against Labor and the Court Follows -- The Great Depression: The Public Embraces Labor and the Supreme Court Follows -- FDR Tries to Pack the Supreme Court -- The Court Devastates Union Rights -- The Supreme Court versus Civil Rights -- "Separate but Equal": Created by the Court, Ended through Popular Struggle -- The Road to Plessy -- Charles Houston and the Long Slog to End Jim Crow -- Brown: The Supreme Court Overrules Itself -- How Roe Empowered the Right -- The Supreme Court and the Environment -- Local Zoning Law as Early Environmental Law -- Protecting the Environment Goes Federal -- The Planet's Future on Trial -- In Nature's Trust.

Thom Hartmann, the most popular progressive radio host in America and a New York Times bestselling author, explains how the Supreme Court has spilled beyond its Constitutional powers and how we the people should take that power back. Taking his typically in-depth, historically informed view, Thom Hartmann asks, What if the Supreme Court didn't have the power to strike down laws? According to the Constitution, it doesn't. From the founding of the republic until 1803, the Supreme Court was the final court of appeals, as it was always meant to be. So where did the concept of judicial review start? As so much of modern American history, it began with the battle between the Federalists and Anti-Federalists, and with Marbury v. Madison. Hartmann argues it is not the role of the Supreme Court to decide what the law is but rather the duty of the people themselves. He lays out the history of the Supreme Court of the United States, since Alexander Hamilton's defense to modern-day debates, with key examples of cases where the Supreme Court overstepped its constitutional powers. The ultimate remedy to the Supreme Court's abuse of power is with the people--the ultimate arbiter of the law--using the ballot box. America does not belong to the kings and queens; it belongs to the people.

This article reflects on the contribution that oral history can make to business historians by examining the Australian advertising professionals' experiences of working in Southeast Asia from the 1960s to the 1980s. Interviews with these advertising professionals examined the processes by which they entered the region as well as their experiences of working there. In addition to documenting information and insights that are altogether absent from official records, the interviews offer an opportunity to reflect on broader social, cultural, and economic contexts and the degree to which they impacted on interviewees' actions. By illustrating the transmission of business cultures through advertising agency networks as well as their impact on global business, this article also demonstrates oral history's capacity to connect personal experience with business history.

"Bad Girls Throughout History features some of the fiercest women of all time - the famous, the infamous, and the ones you haven't even heard of yet. Explore the notable works, impressive feats, and striking portraits of these wild women from around the globe who challenged the status quo"--

British multinationals faced unprecedented challenges to their organizational legitimacy in the middle of the twentieth century as the European colonial empires were dismantled and institutional transformations changed colonial relationships in Africa and other parts of the world. This book investigates the political networking and internal organizational changes in five British multinationals (United Africa Company, John Holt & Co., Ashanti Goldfields Corporation, Bank of West Africa and Barclays Bank DCO). These firms were forced to adapt their strategies and operations to changing institutional environments in two English-speaking West African countries, Ghana (formerly the Gold Coast) and Nigeria, from the late 1940s to the late 1970s. Decolonization meant that formerly imperial businesses needed to develop new political networks and change their internal organization and staffing to promote more Africans to managerial roles. This postcolonial transition culminated in indigenization programmes (and targeted nationalizations) which forced foreign companies to sell equity and assets to domestic investors in the 1970s. Postcolonial Transition and Global Business History is the first in-depth historical study on how British firms sought to adapt over several decades to rapid political and economic transformation in West Africa. Exploring both postcolonial transitions and development discourse, this book addresses the topics with regard to business and economic history and will be of interest to researchers, academics, and students in the fields of organizational change, political economy, African studies and globalization.

This is the first volume to take a broad historical sweep of the close relation between medicines and poisons in the Western tradition, and their interconnectedness. They are like two ends of a spectrum, for the same natural material can be medicine or poison, depending on the dose, and poisons can be transformed into medicines, while medicines can turn out to be poisons. The book looks at important moments in the history of the relationship between poisons and medicines in European history, from Roman times, with the Greek physician Galen, through the Renaissance and the maverick physician Paracelsus, to the present, when poisons are actively being turned into beneficial medicines.